Referencing Styles
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Transcript of Referencing Styles
Referencing styles and tools: An overview
Vasantha Raju N Librarian Govt. First Grade College Periyapatna [email protected]
83rd Orientation Program Academic Staff College
July 30, 2009University of Mysore, Mysore
• To acknowledge others works
• To avoid plagiarism
• Reflect the thoroughness of the work (Amit, 2004).
• To trace the intellectual development of the ideas you present.
• To give credibility to your work.
• Studies have reported that students do not cite properly (Chikkamanju, 2009; Oppenheim & Smith, 2006 ; Clarke & Oppenheim, 2006).
Why we need to cite?
When to cite
• Quotations
• Summarizations of facts or ideas
• Information relevant to a particular argument (Amit, 2004).
What sources to cite
• Books
• Journals
• Conference proceedings
• Patents
• Thesis
• Personal communications
• Web pages etc.
Citation styles
There are several popular citation style manuals.
Among the most commonly used style manuals are….
• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA)
• Chicago Manual of Style
• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MLA)
Book covers of APA, Chicago and MLA Manual
Information necessary for properly citing sources
For book
- Author or editor(s) with initials or forenames- Title - Edition - Publisher- Date of publication Imprint - Place of publication
Example for books
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for books
http://www.silverbearcafe.com/private/images/drowning.jpg
APA
Darwin, C. (2006). On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications.
Chicago Manual of Style
Darwin, Charles. 2006. On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications.
MLA
Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species: By means of natural selection. New York: Dover Publications, 2006.
Information necessary……… Conti…
For journal article
- Article author (s) with initials or forenames- Publication year - Article title - Journal title (italics)- Volume and issue number - pagination
Example for journal articles
APA
Byrne, A. (2008). Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and information services. Australian Library Journal, 57 (4), 365-376.
Chicago Manual of Style
Byrne, A. 2008. Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and information services. Australian Library Journal, 57 (4): 365-376.
MLA Byrne, Alex. “Web 2.0 strategy in libraries and
information services.” Australian Library Journal 57.4 (2008): 365-376.
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for journal articles
Information necessary………
Conti…For article/chapter in a book collection
- author's surname(s) and initial(s)- title of article - title of book - editor(s) name- publisher - place of publication- year of publication- page number(s)
Example for article/chapter in a book collection
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for a book chapter
APANarahari Rao, H.N. (2007). Girish’s women trilogy. In N. Manu Chakravarthy (ed.), Culturing
realism: reflection on Girish Kasaravalli’s films (pp. 99-106). Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka.
Chicago Manual
Narahari Rao, H.N. 2007. . “Girish’s women trilogy.” In Culturing realism: reflection on Girish Kasaravalli’s films , ed. N. Manu Chakravarthy , 99-106 . Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka
MLA Narahari Rao, H.N. “Girish’s women trilogy.” Culturing realism: reflection on Girish
Kasaravalli’s films . Ed. N. Manu Chakravarthy . Bangalore: Nudi Pustaka, 2007. 99-106.
For website - Author
- Name of the site- date site was created- Retrieved date- URL
Information necessary……… Conti…
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for web page /site
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for webpage/ site
APA
National School Board Association. (2007). Retrieved July 26, 2009, from http://www.nsba.org/
Chicago Manual
National School Board Association. 2007. http://www.nsba.org/ (accessed July 26, 2009).
MLA
National School Board Association. 26 July 2009 < http://www.nsba.org>
Source: http://flickr.com
Information necessary……… Conti…
For article in electronic (e) journal
- author's surname(s) and initial(s)
– title of article – Journal title – Volume & issue number (if available) – Page numbers (if available ) – Document retrieved date – URL
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for e-journal
Referencing in APA, Chicago and MLA for e-journal
• APAPyati, A. K. (2009). Public library revitalization in India: Hopes,
challenges, and new visions. First Monday, 7(6). Retrieved July 29, 2009, from http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237.
• Chicago Manual
Pyati, Ajit. K. 2009. Public library revitalization in India: Hopes, challenges, and new visions. First Monday 7, no. 6, (July 6 )http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237 (accessed July 29, 2009)
• MLA
Pyati, A. K. " Public library revitalization in India: Hopes, challenges, and new visions." First Monday 7.6 (2009): 29 July 2009 <http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2588/2237 >.
Few important referencing tools/ software
SL. No.
Name of the Software URL Free or commercial
1. EndNote http://www.endnote.com Commercial
2. RefWorks http://www.refworks.com Commercial
3. Citation Machine http://citationmachine.net Free
4. Zotero http://www.zotero.org/ Free
Features of these referencing tools• Easy to use • Web based • Import from online databases/web pages • Create bibliographies• Create footnotes, in-text references etc
features are endless…….!
Source: http://library.nyu.edu/tools/compare.html
Online social bookmarking tools
SL No. Online bookmarking tools URL Availability
1. citeulike http://www.citeulike.org Free
2. Connotea http://www.connotea.org/ Free
3. Delicious http://delicious.com Free
Citulike web interface (http://www.citeulike.org)
Citation formats in citeulike
Features of citulike
• Easily store references you find online
• Discover new articles and resources
• Share references with your peers
• Find out who's reading what you're reading
• Store and search your PDFs
Source: http://www.citeulike.org/
Delicious web interface (http://delicious.com)
Features of delicious
• Can save all your bookmarks online
• Share bookmarks with other people
• Can see what other people are bookmarking
• Search and tagging tools help you keep
• track of your entire bookmark collection
Source: http://delicious.com
Connotea web interface(http://www.connotea.org/)
Features of Connotea bookmarking tool
• Save and organize links to your references
• Easily share references with colleagues
• Access references from any computer
• Easy to use
Source : http://www.connotea.org
Thank You
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