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Winkel, F.W. (1984) Public communication on donorcards: A comparison of persuasive styles, Social Science & Medicine 19, 957-963.

Wynne, B., and Van Eijndhoven, J.C.M. (1991) Risk communication in Europe: Ways of imple­menting art. 8 of the post-Seveso Directive, in R.E. Kasperson and P.J.M. Stallen (eds.), Communicating risks to the public: International perspectives, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 15-34.

Winsemius, P. (1985) Communication and government policy (In Dutch), in J. Katus and L.C. Beets (eds.), Actuele vraagstukken van de overheidsvoorlichting, Coutinho, Muiderberg, The Netherlands, pp. 71-83.

Withey, S.B. (1976) Accommodation to threat, Mass Emergencies 1, 125-130. Witt, W. (1976) Effects of quantification in scientific writing, Journal of Communication 26,

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Worchel, S., Andreoli, V., and Eason, J. (1975) Is the medium the message? A study of the effects of media, communicator, and message characteristics, Journal of Applied Social Psychology 5, 157-172.

Yalch, R.F., and Elmore-Yalch, B. (1984) The effect of numbers on the route to persuasion, Journal of Consumer Research 11, 522-527.

SUBJECT INDEX

Acidification 39, 40, 70,72-74, 92, 161 news media coverage 72 sources in media coverage 73, 75

Advertisement Review Board 37, 38 Air pollution

news media coverage 70 stress 107

Alcohol consumption 33 American Newspaper Publishers Association

78 American Nuclear Energy Council39, 41 American Psychological Association 95 Amsterdam Airport 5, 7, 24 Asbestos 139 Assassination of J.F. Kennedy 61 Asymmetry principle 156, 157

Beck Depression Inventory 110 Benefit

attitude 128, 129, 131, 134, 144, 168 genetic engineering 93 perception 89, 91-93, 96, 97

Blaming 112, 113 Boeing

secondary consequences of crash 5 British local newspapers

risk coverage 65 Buffalo Creek, West Virginia

flooding 109

Cd-i 170, 171, 173 Cd-rom 170, 171, 173 Challenger 61 Chemical disaster

Cindu 4 human error in 4

Chemical industry perception of 92

Chemical plant 117, 164, 165 Cindu 4, 5, 7 DSM 3, 62 perception of 62, 63, 105, 106, 162 Rijnmond industrial area 90

Chernobyl 18, 158 nuclear accident at 65, 105, Ill

Chlorine 144 Cindrome

group of concerned neighbours of Cindu 5

Citizen advisory board 46, 184 CNN80 Communication

advertising 28 as opposed to information 27 channel29 destination 29 environmental claims 38 five factor model 29 interpersonal 27 mass 27 message 29 process model 31 propaganda 28 public relations 28 receiver 29 selective avoidance 31 selective exposure 31 source 29

Communication media audiovisual media 170, 174-177 electronic media 72, 170, 173 interactive media 170, 171, 173, 174 print media 168, 170, 173, 174

Communication strategy (see Systematic planning approach)

Communication theory elaboration likelihood model 52, 53, 153 fear arousal 54, 55, 121 fear-drive model 54, 55 heuristic theory 52, 53, 153, 176 parallel-response model 55, 104 protection-motivation model 55, 56 reactance theory 37, 156 social cognitive theory 55, 61, 98 uses-and-gratifications 172 vividness hypothesis 123, 174-176 Yale Program on Communication and Attitude Change 54

Contingency plan 5, 7 at Cindu explosion and fire 4 evaluation of 4, 5 Roermond earthquake 3

Control of natural phenomena 20 of risk 98, 104, 105, 111-113, 119 of technological activities 20

207

208 SUBJECT INDEX

Controversy to distinguish hazards 20

Coping with risk 103-105, 110, 112, 113, 165, 166, 168 avoidance of communication 54 denial 54, l 04 emotion-focused l 04, 111 information seeking 104, 114, 129, 132 intention to adopt protest behavior 112, 128, 129, 132 problem-focused 104, 111 social network 104 social support Ill

Crash Boeing 747-200F in residential area 5, 24 DC-I 0 with holiday makers 6 F-16 jet in residential area l, 2

Daily Item 124 Danger control 55 Darwin, Australia

hurricane Tracy 1 09 Decision making theory

prospect theory 146, 157 Democratic view

implicit risk communication model 31, 32, 40, 184

Design of communication plan (see Systematic planning approach)

Desired Outcomes in the facility siting credo 102

Diagnostic empirical research (see Systematic planning approach)

Dickerson, Maryland 110 Dioxin 85, 101 Disaster

Committee on diasters and the mass media 78 definition l 08 myths 113 natural vs human-caused 108 news media coverage 77-79 warning 34, 41, 78

Distinction of hazards controversy 20 extent of effects 20 human involvement 20 low point 20 perception of control 20 persistence of effects 20 predictability 20 visibility of damage 20

Dronka (Egypt) 19

Dutch Plastics Recycling Company 149, 167-169

Earthquake 56, 111 Kobe 108 Roermond 2

Edb65 Electric Power Institute 50 Electromagnetic fields 51

brochure 50 mental models approach 49 risk perception 51

Electronic mail 179 Environmental Advertisement Code 38 Environmental concern 8 Environmental Protection Agency 32, 50, 65

risk communication policy 32 Environmental stress 106 Environmentalists 75 Epilepsy 175 Evaluation 43

(see Systematic planning approach) campaign on acidification 76 risk communication campaign ll

Extent of effects to distinguish hazards 20

Facility siting credo l 02 Desired Outcomes l 02 Procedural steps 102

Factual information model assumptions 12 Risk communication models 12, 17

Fairness of distribution of risk and benefits 13 of procedures 13

Fear control 55 Federal Emergency Management Agency 178 Feelings of insecurity 105, 106, 118, 128, 134,

148, 150, 165, 166 man and women 105, 106 political preferences 105

Flooding 19, 111 Buffalo Creek, West Virginia 109 Denver 79 England 109 Pennsylvania 108

Focus group in risk communication 44, 46, 47, 184

Frederick, Maryland 110 Friends of the Earth 160

SUBJECT INDEX 209

Genetic engineering 92, 93, 95, 100, 153, 160 risk perception 93

Glen Ridge 11 Global climate change 76

brochure 51 mental models approach 49

Greenhouse effect 62, 72, 74, 83-85, 92 Greenpeace 160

Hazard as opposed to risk 13 classification of 18 definition of 13, 18 man-made 18 natural 18 technological 18

Hazard-awareness program 35, 115, 116, 161 Heuristic 53

availability 53, 123 representation 53

Houston Post 78 Human error 6

in a chemical disaster 4 Human involvement

to distinguish hazards 20 Hurricane 19

Darwin, Australia 109 Texas 78

Hydrazine pollution after F-16 crash 1, 2

Information after F-16 crash 2 as opposed to communication 27 casuistic 123 symbolic value 27 two-sided 126, 176 vivid 123, 175

Information seeking for warning confirmation 114

Insurance for earthquake hazard 3 risk communication study 55

Internet 171, 178 Intuitive toxicology

perception of risks of chemicals 92 Ionizing radiation

risk perception 92, Ill, 116 Irrational attitude

of the public as perceived by officials 11

Limburger 83, 84 Love Canal 81

Low point 20 to distinguish hazards 20

Maine 10 Man-made disaster I 09-111, 116

social and psychological impact 109-111 Mass communication theory

agenda-setting theory 60 dependency theory 62 hypodermic needle 60 magic bullet model 60 news value 58, 59 two-step flow 60 verification 62, 63

Mayor role in Cindu explosion and fire 4, 5

Media characteristics control 172-17 4 delivery 172, 173, 176 presentation 172

Media function allocation 170-172, 189 consultation 170, 171, 178 conversation 171, 179 registration 171

Mental models approach risk communication model 49, 188

Message characteristics casuistic vs statistical 123, 124 comprehensibility 133 credibility 126, 130, 134 difficulty 130 explicit conclusions 125, 126, 149, 150 fear arousal 130 rational vs emotional 121, 122 technical jargon 148

Milling as disaster warning response 114

Montclair 11 Mt St. Helens

eruption 78

Na-tech events 19, 20, 109 deforestation 19 Dronka Egypt 19 San Jacinto River 19

Natural disaster 19, 108, 111-113, 116 earthquake 2, 3, 34, 104 floods 19,34 hurricane 19, 34 public perception 20 social and psychological impact 108, 109, 111

210 SUBJECT INDEX

Natural hazard definition of 18

Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center 179

Negativity bias 146 Nevada39 New York Times

risk coverage 64 News media 157

as source of public concern 10 content analysis 64-71,73 disaster reporting 77-79 environmental issue life cycle 76 gate-keeping 59, 79 role in risk perception 80, 82-84, 86, 94 selection processes 58, 59, 72 source 75, 76

Normalcy bias 114, 116 Nuclear energy

Barseback incident 60 risk attitude 96, 97, 105 risk perception 90, 158

Nuclear reactor accident 62 Chernobyl18, 65 risk perception 90 Three Mile Island 20, 65, 66, 81

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 66

Outcome efficacy 55, 99 Outrage 121, 135

after earthquake in Roermond 3 landfill in Vernon II risk comparison 135

Oyster Creek, New Jersey 110 Ozone layer

depletion of 62, 72, 74, 76, 83-85, 92

PC 170, 171, 173 Perceived ethical obligation 100 Perceived personal control 98, 100, 104 Perception of control

to distinguish hazards 20 Persistence of effects 20

to distinguish hazards 20 Pollution 64, 69, 72, 74, 98, 142 Predictability

to distinguish hazards 20 Prescription drugs 36

risk perception 92 Pretesting of risk communication

(see Systematic planning approach) Problem-solving approach

risk communication model49, 51

Procedural steps In the facility siting credo I 02

Psychometric research (See Risk perception)

Public concern for the environment European countries 8 The Netherlands 9 USA8

Public opinion 8 miracle of 8 second miracle of 9

Pyrolysis of polyvinylchloride benefit information 147 benefits 125 communication effects 131 implicit vs explicit conclusions 150 numerical information 134 perception of 128, 129, 131, 132, 134, 148, 149 risk comparison 142 risks 125, 142

Radio risk coverage 71

Radioactive waste 63, 83, 84, 163-165 perception of63, 90, 105, 106, 162 Yucca Mountain 155

Radon 10,23,34,49,56,88, 124,139,141 brochure 50 false positive and false negative reactions 47 geological II industrial 11 mental models approach 49 perception of geologicallO

Release stage 18 Response efficacy 55, 56, 99 Responsible care program 186, 188 Richter scale 2, 17 Right-to-know 24 Risk

as opposed to hazard 13 classification 13 definition of 13, 15 definition of group risk 22 definition of individual risk 22

Risk analysis 22 definition of 22 quantitative approach 22

Risk appraisallOO, 103-105, 118 (See also Risk perception, Risk attitude)

Risk approach actuarial 13

SUBJECT INDEX 211

Risk approach (continued) cultural13, 14 economic 13 engineering 13 psychological13 sociological 13 toxicological and epidemiological 13

Risk attitude 95, 96, 105, 128, 131, 134, 167, 168 assessmentofrisks 128,129,131,144 behavioral intention 97 food risks 93 niaby 101, 102 nimby 95, 100, 101 nuclear energy 96, 97 theory of planned behavior 98-100, 104 theory of reasoned action 95, 97, 98, 100

Risk communication 23, 25 ambiguity 125, 133, 148, 149 areas of application 32, 34, 36, 41 as risk management 23 benefits 144, 147 campaign on acidification 40, 75, 76, 161 campaign on radon 10, 11 complexity 125, 130, 133, 134 credibility 126, 184 critique of definition 33, 36 definition 31, 32, 42, 93 emergency 34 ethical discussion 36-42, 56 evaluation criteria 47 evaluation research 47-49, 52 experimental design 126 framingl25, 146,148 goal10 graphic presentation 138, 141 implicit model 31 intentions of source and receiver 37, 39 margins of uncertainty in 16, 120, 152 marketing orientation 44 modell2, 17, 49,51 numerical126, 132-134, 140, 142, 143 one-sided vs two-sided 33, 42, 126, 144, 151 persuasion 37, 40, 41,46 pre emergency 34, 35 pyrolysis of polyvinyl chloride 125, 128, 130-132, 134, 142, 143, 147-149, 168 rationalistic approach 12 risk comparison 125, 135-138, 142, 143 riskladder138, 139 seven cardinal rules 32 side effects 36

Risk communication (continued) source 151 type of arguments 121-124

Risk communication guidelines 46, 47 Risk communication source

concerned citizens 161, 163, 164 consumer organization 160 environmental complaints bureau 161, 163 environmentalists 160, 161, 163, 164 fictitious private company 167, 168 general practitioner 161, 163, 164 government 151-154, 156, 160-162, 166-169 Inspectorate for the Environment 161, 162, 164 local council 161, 162, 164 news media41, 160-164, 166 one-armed scientists 152 PO BOX 51 161, 163, 164 private company 41, 151, 152, 156, 160, 161, 163, 167-169 risk experts 152 scientists 151, 152 stakeholders 161, 162, 166

Risk evaluation 22 definition of 22

Risk indicators 15, 16, 18,90 Risk knowledge 128, 131, 167, 168

conceptualization 128 Risk management 21, 22, 24, 100

actors 23 goals 21,22 insurance 22 policy measures 22 quantitative risk analysis 22 risk assessment as part of 22 self-regulatory mechanisms 22

Risk perception 25, 89, 90, 94, 105, 128, 134, 139, 148, 150, 155, 164-167 acceptability 89, 92, 93 Burkina Faso 94 dread risk 90,97 experts vs Jay people 17, 90 expressed preferences 90, 91 France 94 Hungary94 intuitive toxicology 92 involuntary risks 89, 92 Japan 94 Jack of control 90, 92, 104, 111, 114 Norway94 number of people exposed 90, 94

212 SUBJECT INDEX

Risk perception (continued) overoptimistic bias 34, 37, 141 Poland 94 revealed preferences 89 role of news media 80, 82-84, 86 Russia 94 seriousness of consequences 90 severity 94 subjective vs objective risk 90 unknown risk 90, 94, 105

Risk reduction 22 definition of 23

Risk stigmatization 94 Roermond

earthquake 2

Safety degree units 17, 18 San Jacinto River (Texas) 19 Seat belts 34, 141 Secondary consequences 24 Self-efficacy 55, 98-100, 104, 106, 114, 128,

186 Sentinel and Enterprise 124 Seveso directive 23, 24, 34, 125, 167 Siting of waste facility 102 Smoking

risk perception 90 Social amplification of risk 13, 24-26, 108,

185 128-hazard-event study 25

Society for Risk Analysis 95 Soil pollution 11, 83, 84, 92, 163-165

coverage of 70 perception of 105, 106, 162

Source characteristics attractiveness 122, 158, 168, 176 availability and accessibility 159 consistency 155 credibility 149, 151, 153-161, 167-169, 177 expertise 133, 151, 154, 155, 159, 168 fairness 155 faith 155 familiarity 158 familiarity with issue 155 intelligence 155 level of formal education 155 liking 158 objectivity 155 perceived competence 155 professional abilities 155 self-interest 155, 156, 168, 169 similarity 158

Source characteristics (continued) social status 155 trustworthiness 154, 155, 159

Squalls as cause of plane crash 6

Stress caused by ambient stressors 107 caused by critical life events 101 caused by daily worries 107 caused by large-scale events 107, 108 definition 103

Stress-coping paradigm 89, 103, 106 Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization

Act 23 Sympton Checklist -90 110 Systematic planning approach 56, 183

design of communication plan 43, 46, 48, 49,51 diagnostic empirical research 44, 46, 51, 88 evaluation and feedback 43, 48, 51 policy preparation and communication strategy 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 88 pretesting risk communication 43, 47, 51, 52, 126, 168 production and implementation 43, 48, 51 risk communication model 42, 43, 46-49, 51,52

Technical view implicit risk communication model 31-33, 40, 184

Telegraaf 67-71, 83-87 risk coverage 67, 68, 71, 85

Television network risk coverage 64, 71

Three Mile Island 20, 158 nuclear accident at 65, 66, 81, 110, 111, 113

Traumatic experiences reported after F-16 crash 2

Trust 94, 124, 160 factors decreasing trust 47, 156, 157 factors increasing trust 156 in risk communication 46, 152, 154-157, 169

Vernon 11 Visibility of damage

to distinguish hazards 20 Volcano eruption 111

Mt St. Helens 78

Volkskrant 67-75, 83-87 coverage of acidification 73, 74 risk coverage 67, 68, 71, 85

War of the Worlds 60 Warning

belief 114, 116-118

SUBJECT INDEX

for large-scale event 107, 113, 114, 116-118

Water conservation 56 Wavelength 12 Well-being 18

stress 107 West Orange II Wind energy

nimby opposition 101 World Wide Web 178, 179

X-rays risk perception 90

Yucca Mountain 39, 41, 155

213

AUTHOR INDEX

Aarts, T.D. 101, 102, 198 Abe, K. 114, 191 Acredolo, C. 105, 200 Adler, R.S. 151, 191 Ajzen,I.95-98, 128,191,194,202 Albers, W.A. 202 Allen, F.W. 32, 33, 184, 192 Altman, I. 198 Andreoli, V. 174-177, 191,206 Aronson, E. 199 Arvidson, P. 60,201 Atman, C.J. 49-51, 188, 191, 200

Bagley, G.S. 56, 196 Ball-Rokeach, S. 62, 191 Bandura, A. 53, 55, 61, 62, 191 Bardoel, J. 197 Barton, A.H. 79, 191 Bates, A.W. 172, 174, 191 Baum, A. 20, 21, 98, 103, 104, 109-111,

113,191, 194 Baum, C.S. 103, 191 Baumann, D.O. 116, 202 Beaber, R.J. 132, 199 Beck, K.H. 55, 191 Becker, L.B. 60, 199 Beckmann, J. 191 Beets, L.C. 205 Bennet, G. 109, 191 Berelson, G. 60, 198 Berkowitz, L. 194, 196, 198, 200 Berscheid, E. 158, 191 Bierhoff, J. 197 Blocker, T.J. 111, 112,201 Bobrow, T.A. 175, 193 Boer, H. 62, 69, 83, 85, 114, 117, 160, 166,

167,169,195,196,205 Borcherding, K. 199 Borgida, E. 123, 175, 191, 200 Bostrom, A. 49-51, 135-137, 188, 191, 192,

200,201 Boykin, c.' 33, 203 Breen, M. 33, 203 Brehm, J.W. 156, 192 Brehm, S.S. 156, 192 Brewer, M.B. 79,200 Breznitz, S. 196 Brickman, P. 112, 192

Brock, T.C. 195 Brosius, H.B. 60, 192 Brown, H.S. 24, 197 Brown, R.V. 152, 192 Brownstein, C.N. 175, 192 Brun, W. 94, 203 Bryant, J. 205 Bryson, L. 198 Buell, H.P. 175, 192 Bulman, R.J. 113, 192 Bums, W.J. 25, 192, 194, 201 Burton, I. 18, 192 Busenberg, G.J. 46, 198 Bussman, W. 156, 169, 202

Cacioppo, J.T. 52, 53, 153, 158, 192, 200, 201 Cadet, B. 97, 114, 117,205 Caije, J.F. 67, 69, 74, 83, 86, 195 Campbell, J.M. 107, 192 Cantril, H. 60, 192 Cathcart, R. 191 Chaiken, S. 52, 133, 134, 153, 154, 156, 158,

175-177, 192, 194 Chalmers, O.K. 132, 134, 204 Chalmers, J. 94, 202 Chess, C. 43, 196 Christensen, L. 116, 201 Clark, W.C. 195 Coates,D.ll2, 192 Cohen,J. 106,107,198 Cohn, E. 112, 192 Collins, P. 13, 15, 18, 196 Combs,B.59,80,81, 124,192,198 Cook, T.D. 48, 202 Coppock, R. 193, 200, 202 Council of the European Communities 24, 192 Covello, V.T. 10, 12, 16, 22, 23, 32-34, 40, 41,

46, 59, 92, 136-139, 143, 148, 151, 152, 154, 160, 161, 168, 177, 184, 192-194, 196, 199, 201, 202

Coyne, J.C. 107, 193, 197 Crouch,E.A.C. 15, 16,135,152,205 Cvetkovich, G. 12, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 32, 44,

93,144,151,193,194,204

Daamen,D.D.L.96,97, 133,134,199,204 Dakof, G. 107, 193 Davidson, L.M. 20, 21, 109, Ill, 191

215

216 AUTHOR INDEX

Davis, D.A. 175, 193 De Boer, J. 23, 24, 204 DeHaan, H. 149, 150,203 De Rooij, G. 9, 193 DeFleur, M.L. 62, 191 DeLongis, A. 107, 193 DeLuca, D.R. 94, 195 Derby, S.L. 89, 148, 194 Desvousges, W.H. 44, 47, 94, 193, 198 Dickson, N.M. 195 Dickson, P.R. 123, 193 Dierkes, M. 64, 193, 200, 202 Diprete, T.A. 159, 194 Doll, J. 96, 193 Doob, L.W. 94, 195 Douglas, M. 14, 193 Downs, A. 8, 193 Drabek, T.E. 79, 108, 111, 116, 193 Drottz-Sjoberg, B.M. 18, 193 Dunlap, R.E. 8, 193 Dunwood~S.33,44,52, 127,193 Dykes, J.D. 78, 113, 205 Dynes, R.R. 79, 107, 108, 113, 193, 201

Eagly, A.H. 52, 133, 134, 154, 156, 158, 175-177, 192, 194

Earle, T.C. 12, 17, 18, 20, 32, 33, 44, 93, 144, 151, 164, 193, 194

Eason, J. 174-177,206 Easterling, D. 94, 198 Edwards, S. 193, 200, 202 Egolf, B.P. 65, 66, 194 Eiser, J.R. 65, 140, 141, 196,203 Elmore-Yalch, B. 133,206 Emani, S. 25, 192 Erne!, J. 24, 197 Endreny,P 59,61,64, 70,202 Englander, T. 94, 194 Erskine, H. 8, 194 Etzioni, A. !59, 194

Farago, K. 94, 194 Feshbach, S. 55, 197 Fessenden-Raden, F. 152, 161, 194 Fischer, W.G. 98, 112, 194 Fischhoff •. B. 13, 15, 18, 34,49-51,53,80, 89,

94, 98, 112, 124, 135-137, 141, 142, 148, 151, 152, 188, 191, 192, 194, 196, 198-202

Fishbein, M. 95-97, 128, 194,200,203 Fisher, A. 33, 194 Fitchen, J.M. 152, 161, 194 Fitzgerald, K. 101, 102, 198

Fleming, R. 20, 21, 98, 104, 109-111, 191, 194 Florig, H.K. 51, 199 Flynn,J.39,41,94, 105,155,194,202 Folkman, S. 103, 104, 107, 193, 194 Foote, J. 60, 204 Foster, H.D. 116, 194 Freudenburg, W.R. 11, 32, 101, 120, 135, 136,

194 Frewer, L.J. 93, 100, 153, 154, 160, 194,203 Frey, D. 31, 194 Friedman, S.M. 65, 66, 194 Friedrich, J. 175, 195 Fritz, C. 108, 114, 195

Gaddy, G.D. 79, 195 Galetzka, M. 39, 73, 75, 195 Galtung, J. 59, 195 Gardner, T. 94, 195 Garofalo, J. 106, 195 Gatchel, R.J. 104, 110, Ill, 113, 191, 194 Gaudet, H. 60, 192, 198 Geisler, D. 51, 199 Gelmers, H.J. 36, 195 Gesell, G. 94, 202 Giesriel, M.M. I 04, II 0, Ill, 194 Ginosar, Z. 123, 195 Gieser, G.C. 109, 195 Goble, R. 13, 15, 18, 24, 196, 197 Goldberger, L. 196 Golding, D. 23, 124, 195, 197,201 Goldman, A. 13, 15, 18, 196 Gorney, C.M. 65, 66, 194 Goszczynska,M. 94,195 Gould, L.C. 94, 195 Grant, A.E. 172, 205 Green, B.L. 109, 195 Greenberg, M.L. 116, 200 Greenberg, M.R. 64, 195 Greene, M. 78, 114, 116, 200 Greenwald, A.G. 52, 195 Groen, M. 199 Gumpert, G. 191 Gutteling, J.M. 39, 62, 67-69, 73-75, 83, 85,

86, 97, 99, 105, 106, 114, 117, 125, 127, 128, 131, 144, 160, 166, 167, 169, 175, 176,187,195,196,205

Haas, E.J. 18, 205 Hallman, W.K. 112, 113, 195 Hamill, R. 123, 196 Hammond, S.L. 23, 152, 154, 160, 199 Hance, B.J. 43, 196 Hansen, H. 108, 198

AUTHOR INDEX 217

Harding, C.M. 140, 141, 196 Harris, L. 8, 196 Hass, J.W. 56, 196 Heath, J.S. 152, 161, 194 Heath, R.L. 33, 36, 196 Heij, G.J. 73, 196 Heilmann, K. 16-18, 203 He1mreich, R. 175, 196 Herman, C.P. 192 Herzog, H. 60, 192 Heuve1man, A. 173, 196 Higbee, K.L. 55, 196 Hill, A. 30, 204 Hinkle, R. 97, 203 Hohenemser, C. 13, 15, 18, 19, 196 Holmes, M.C. 33, 203 Holroyd, K.A. 104, 196 Hornig, S. 46, 105, 196 Houwen, R.J. 83, 85, 160, 166, 167, 169, 196,

205 Hovland, C.l. 54, 149, 150, 153, 167, 196

Ikeda, K. 116, 196

Jager, W. 104, 196 Janis, I.L. 54, 55, 196, 197 Jasanoff, S. 36, 197 Jemmott, J.B. 123, 197 Jemmott, J.D. 197 Johnson, B.B. 16, 121, 122, 197, 201 Johnson, E.J. 82, 197 Johnson, F.R. 10, 11, 34, 88, 140, 197 Johnson, J. 197 Johnson, J.T. 197 Johnson, R. 12, 120, 197

Kahneman, D. 53, 123, 124, 146, 147, 157, 203,204

Kaiser, A. 67, 197 Kalma, A.P. 87, 197 Kamenetzky, J. 149, 150, 203 Kamrin, M.A. 43, 197 Kanner, A.D. 107, 197 Kantola, S.J. 56, 197 Kao, Ch.F. 53, 192 Kapp, F.T . .109, 203 Karpowicz-Lazreg, C. 94, 197 Karuza, J. 112, 192 Kasperson, J.X. 13, 15, 18, 24, 25, 192, 196,

197,201 Kasperson, R.E. 12, 13, 15, 18, 24, 25, 41,

100,192,196,197,201,203,205 Kates, R.W. 13, 15, 18, 19, 192, 196

Katus, J. 205 Katz, D.J. 43, 197 Katz, E. 60, 197 Kazama, R. 114, 191 Keeney, R.L. 89, 148, 194 Kelley, G.H. 54, 196 Kelman, H.C. 158, 197 Keown, Ch. F. 94, 197 Kepplinger, H.M. 60, 192 Keren, G.B. 151, 193 Kidder, J. 112, 192 Klandermans, B. 193, 204 Kleinhesselink, R. 94, 201 Kleinnijenhuis, J. 86, 197 Klotz, M.L. 11, 88,201 Koch, J. 122, 200 Komilis, E. 114, 117, 205 Kone, D. 94, 197 Kraus, N.N. 92, 94, 138, 197,202 Kreps, G.A. 80, 198 Krimsky, S. 124, 195, 197, 201 Kristiansen, C.M. 59, 140, 141, 196, 198 Kuhl, J. 191 Kumpf, M., 156, 169, 202 Kunreuther, H. 94, 101, 102, 198

Lappe, H. 94, 202 Larichev, D.l. 199 Larson, J.F. 61, 78, 79, 198 Lasswell, H.D. 29, 198 Laufer, M.J. 33, 203 Lave,L. 135-137,201 Lave, L.B. 38-42, 49, 51, 98, 112, 113, 187,

188, 192, 194, 198-200 Lave, T.R. 113, 198 Layman, M. 13, 15, 18, 80, 94, 124, 196, 198,

202 Lazarsfeld, P.F. 60, 198 Lazarus, R.S. 103, 104, 106, 107, 193, 194,

196-198 Lehman, D.R. 116, 198 Letzel, H. 94, 202 Leventhal, H. 55, 104, 198 Levine, D. 155, 201 Leviton, L.C. 48, 202 Lichtenstein, S. 13, 15, 18, 34, 53, 80, 89, 124,

136, 141, 142, 148, 151, 152, 194, 196, 198,202

Lincoln, D. 51, 199 Lindell, M.K. 78, 114, 116,200 Lindzey, G. 199 Lippa, R. 56, 121, 200 Lipset, S.M. 160, 198

218 AUTHOR INDEX

Liu, J.T. 12, 198 Logue, J.N. 108, 198 Luken,R.A. 10, 11,34,88, 140,197 Luukko, R. 79, 202 Lynn, P.M. 46, 198

MacGregor, D. 49-51, 198, 199 Madden, Th.J. 96, 98, 191 Maes, S. 205 Major, M. 94,202 Malmfors, T. 92, 94, 197, 202 Mandell, W. 149, 150, 196 Manis, M. 176, 202 Martin, J. 123, 198 Martyvshov, A.N. 18, 193 Maruyama, G. 132, 199 Maurer, D. 97, 203 Mazur, A. 10, 81, 198 McCallum, D.B. 23, 152, 154, 160, 199 McCombs, M.E. 60, 199 McEwen, W.J. 175, 200 McGuire, W.J. 30, 54, 121, 122, 126, 149,

154, 155, 158, 169, 199 McNeil, B.J. 147, 199 Mechitov, A.I. 94, 199 Meertens, R. W. 96, 199 Melick, M.E. 108, 199 Menkes, J. 196 Merton, R. 195 Mertz, C.K. 39, 41, 105, 155, 194 Mertz, P. 37, 199 Messick, D.M. 199 Mewborn, C.R. 55, 56, 199,201 Midden, C.J.H. 96, 97, 105, 133, 134, 199,

204 Mileti, D.S. 16, 34, 108, 116, 152, 199, 203 Miller, N. 132, 199 Miller, P.M. 121, 122, 138-140, 142, 188, 201,

202 Miller, W.C.175, 199 Milne, G. 109, 199 Mitchell, R.C. 8, 199 Moeller, W.A.J. 27, 203 Moghissi, A. 192, 199 Monroe, S.M. 107, 199 Morgan, M.G. 38-42, 49-51, 98, 112, 135-137,

187, 188, 191, 192, 194, 198-201 Morton, G. 79, 202 Mulilis, J.P. 56, 121, 200 Mullet, E. 94, 197 Mumpower, J.L. 22, 92, 192, 194, 196, 201 Murroni, E. 122, 200 Myers, M.P. 19, 202

Nair, I. 51, 98, 112, 194, 199 Nasar, J.L. 116, 200 Nasser, D.L. 175, 200 Nathan, K. 33, 36, 196 Neff, J.L. 78, 113, 205 Nesdale, A.R. 56, 197 Neuwirth, K. 33, 44, 52, 127, 193 Nisbett,R.E.l23, 174,175,195,196,200

Olson, J.M. 192 Oornkes, P.R. 200 Orth, B. 96, 193 Ostrom, T.M. 195 Otwa~H.J.36,89,96,97,200,203

Pallak, S.R. 122, 200 Palm, R. 116, 200 Parker, G. 109, 200 Parker, S.D. 79, 200 Pastor, S.K. 11, 101, 194 Patterson, Ph. 59, 193, 205 Pauker, S.G. 147, 199 Peltu, M. 10, 200 Perloe, S.I. 175, 193 Perry, R.W. 78, 114, 116, 200 Petcovic, W.L. 12, 120, 197 Petts, J. 21-23, 200 Petty,R.E.52,53, 153,158,192,200,201 Pilisuk, M. 105, 200 Pittle,R.D.l51, 191 Plough, A. 124, 195 Powers, M. 123, 198

Quarantelli, E.L. 107, 108, 113,201

Rabinowitz, V.T. 112, 192 Ratick, S. 24, 197 Read, D. 49, 192, 201 Rebrik, S.B. 94, 199 Reijnders, A.D. 27, 203 Renn,O. 13,24,25,96, 155,192,197,201 Roberts,N.E. 34,56, 121,140,204 Rochford, E.B. 111, 112, 201 Rodriguez,R.53, 192 Rogers, E.M. 78, 79, 201, 203 Rogers, R.W. 55, 56, 196, 199, 201 Roling, N.G. 28, 170, 204 Rosa, B.A. 94, 201 Rosengren, K.E. 60, 201 Ross, L. 174, 200 Roth, E. 135-137, 201 Rowan,K.E.31,33,40,49,51, 184,201 Rubin, D.M. 65, 66, 201

AUTHOR INDEX 219

Ruch, C. 116,201 Ruge, M.H. 59, 195 Rumyantseva, G.M. 18, 193 Rursch, J.A. 32, 120, 135, 136, 194

Sachsman, D.B. 64, 195 Salomone, K.L. 64, 195 Sandman, P.M. 11, 32-34, 42, 43, 47, 56, 64,

88, 121, 122, 136-140, 142, 143, 188, 193,195,196,201,202,204

Scanlon, T.J. 79, 202 Schaefer, C. 1 07, 197 Schifter, D.E. 98, 202 Schneider, T. 73, 196 Schneider, W. 160, 198 Scholten, 0. 87, 202 Schramm, W. 197 Schumann, D. 158, 200 Schuster, G. 8, 202 Schwarz, N. 156, 169, 202 Schwing, R.C. 202 SCP 203 Sebok, T.B. 78, 113, 205 Sedikes, C. 52, 200 Seligman, M.P. 104, 202 Servaes,J. 58,202 Severin, W.J. 202 Seydel,E.R. 106,175,176,193,195,202,204 Shadish, W.R. 48, 202 Shaeffer, M.A. 110, 113, 191 Sharlin, H.I. 65, 202 Shedler, J. 176, 202 Shepherd, R. 93, 94, 100, 153, 154, 160, 194,

203 Showalter, P.S. 19, 202 Simpson, D. 97,203 Sims, J.H. 116, 202 Singer, E. 59, 61, 64, 70, 202 Singer, J.E. 98, 103, 191 Singer, R.P. 55, 198 Sjoberg, L. 14, 202 S1ovic, P. 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25,

32-34, 39-41, 46, 49-51, 53, 59, 80, 81, 89-92, 94, 97, 105, 124, 136-139, 141-143, 148, 151, 152, 155-157, 161, 168,177,192-199,201-203

Smith, V.K. 12, 44, 47, 193, 198 Smuts, T. 49, 201 Snyder, M.L. 156, 203 Sood, R. 78, 203 Sood,R.S. 79,201 Sorensen,J. 34,108,203 Sox, H.C. 147, 199

Sparks.~93,94, 100,160,203 Spears, R. 65, 203 Spencer, J.R. 79, 200 Stallen, P.J.M. 23, 24, 90, 92, 96, 105-107,

144,194,199,201,203-205 Stallings, R. 20, 111, 203 Stappers, J.G. 27, 203 Starr,C.89,92, 144,203 Stephenson, J.J. 79, 193 Stiff, J.B. 55, 203 Stockdale, G. 78, 203 Sto1wijk, J.A.J. 94, 195 Strathman, A.J. 52, 200 Stratman, J.F. 33, 203 Strover, S. 172, 205 Struening, E. 108, 198 StruykerBoudier, H. 16-18,203 Sturesson, D. 60, 201 Suedfie1d, P. 197 Sutton, S.R. 55, 203 Swaton, E. 96, 201 Syme, G.J. 56, 197

Taa1, E. 99, 205 Tanjong, E. 79, 195 Taylor, S.E. 116, 123, 174-176, 197, 198,203 Tebbets, R.F. 197 Teigen, K.H. 94, 203 Thistlethwaite, D.L. 149, 150, 203 Thomas, K. 97, 203 Thompson, S.C. 123, 174-176,203 Tiemann, A.R. 94, 195 Titchener, J.L. 109, 203 Tomas, A. 105-107, 203 Tonnaer, C. 58, 202 Trope, Y. 123, 195 Tversky, A. 53, 82, 123, 124, 146, 147, 157,

197,199,203,204 Tyszka, T. 94, 195

U1vila, J.W. 152, 192 Uppu1uri, V.R.R. 192, 194, 199,201 Urquhart,J. 16-18,203

Valone, K. 132, 199 Van Cuilenburg, J. 28, 204 Van den Ban, A.W. 28, 170, 204 Van den Bogaard, J. 99,205 Vander Pligt, J. 23, 24, 65, 203, 204 Vander Staak, J. 196 Van Dijk, J.A.G.M. 170, 204 Van Eijndhoven, J.C.M. 23, 24, 167, 204, 205 Van Woerkum, C.M.J. 28, 204

220 AUTHOR INDEX

Veilleux, S. 175, 204 Verplanken,B. 96,97, 105,133,134,199,204 Vlek, C.A.J. 12, 15, 17, 21, 32, 90, 92, 93,

104,144,193,196,204 Von Winterfeldt, D. 10, 12, 16, 32-34, 40, 41,

4~59, 148,151,152,161,168,177,192 Walker, R.V. 132, 134, 204 Walster, E. 112, 204 Walter, M.L. 43, 197 Wandersman, A. ll3, 195 Wanta, W. 60, 204 Wapenaar, H. 28, 170, 204 Waterstone, M. ll6, 204 Watson, J. 30, 204 Waxman, J.J. 79, 204 Weenig, M. 105, 204 Weinstein, N.D. ll, 34, 42, 47, 56, 88, 104,

121, 122, 138-140, 142, 159, 188, 201, 202,204

Weiss, W. 153, 167, 196 Wenger, D.E. 78, ll3, 205 Weterings, R.A.P.M. 23, 24, 204 White, G.F. 18, 192, 205 Wicklund, R.A. 156, 203 Wiegman, 0. 39, 62, 69, 73, 75, 83, 85, 97, 99,

105, 106, ll4, ll7, 122, 158, 175, 176, 187,195,205

Wildawsky, A. 14, 193 Wilkins, L. 59, 193, 205 Williams, F. l 72, 205 Wilson, R. 15, 16, 135, 152, 205 Wilson, T.D. 123, 196 Winget, C.N. 109, 195 Winkel, F. W. 126, 205 Winkler, J.D. 197 Winnubst, J.A.M. 205 Winsernius, P. 76, 205 Withey, S.B. ll4, 205 Witt, W. 133, 205 Witte, K. 37, 205 Wohlwill, J. 198 Wolsink, M. 101,206 Wood, W. 154, 156, 194 Worchel, S. 174-177, 191,206 Worrell, C.W. 23, 24, 204 Wortman, C.B. ll3, 192 Wynne, B. 167, 205

Yalch, R.F. 133, 206

Zanna, M.P. 192 Zillman, D. 205

ACKNOWLEDGEMffiNTOFCOPYmGHT

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221

Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research

Series Editor: Prof. Dr. Mohammed I. EI-Sabh, Departement d'Oceano­graphie, Universite du Quebec a Rimouski, 310 Allee des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada G5L 3A 1

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1. S. Tinti (ed.): Tsunamis in the World. Fifteenth International Tsunami Symposium (1991 ). 1993 ISBN 0-7923-2316-5

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5. A. Carrara and F. Guzzetti (eds.): Geographical Information Systems in Assessing Natural Hazards. 1995 ISBN 0-7923-3502-3

6. V. Schenk (ed.): Earthquake Hazard and Risk. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4008-6

7. M.l. EI-Sabh, S. Venkatesh, H. Denis and T.S. Murty (eds.): Scientific and Management Issues. 1996 ISBN 0-7923-4064-7

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