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Index AC, 39, 40, 56, 60, 115, 163, 215,

251, 252, 254, 420, 422, 444, 447, 449, 450, 451, 452, 468, 478

access unit, 17, 60 aliasing, 281, 379, 490 alphabet, 458 arithmetic coding, 82, 164, 459, 489 audio stream, 21, 37, 105 audio_bound, 37 backward_f, 424 bidirectional, 282, 321, 323, 324 big picture, 125, 130 bilinear interpolation, 293 bit allocation, 6, 174, 179 bit_rate, 76, 77, 98, 110 block layer, 391, 395 B-picture, 164, 168 broken_link, 60 bslbf, 70, 107, 108 buffer occupancy, 125, 161, 162, 163,

164, 166, 167, 168, 172, 183, 184, 187

channel, 10, 31, 128, 162 chroma formats, 256 chrominance, 460 code table, 443, 444, 449, 450 coded bits, 116, 128, 183 coded block pattern, 460 coded frame, 403, 404 coding order, 132, 138, 139, 141,

142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 285

coefficient, 82, 163, 199, 201, 202, 205, 219, 224, 229, 234, 254, 298, 355, 367, 428, 449, 450, 460, 464, 465, 466, 472, 477, 478, 479, 482

color space, 78, 243, 244 complexity, 63, 85, 87, 184, 210, 282,

293, 489 compression, xii, xiii, xiv, 1, 2, 53,

54, 57, 63, 78, 81, 114, 117, 118, 119, 121, 126, 128, 193, 195, 197,

198, 202, 204, 206, 243, 249, 251, 255, 279, 281, 283, 285, 303, 331, 365, 370, 378, 384, 385, 403, 405, 412, 418, 419, 456, 457, 487, 488, 489, 490

computational complexity, 39, 297, 307

constraints, 16, 63, 104, 109, 126, 128, 311

correlation, 51, 62, 149, 199, 202, 255, 257, 283, 303, 327, 377

cosine transform, 487, 489 cost function, 191 criterion, 343 data partitioning, 478 DC, 39, 40, 56, 61, 81, 115, 197, 198,

215, 219, 220, 221, 237, 238, 240, 241, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 262, 263, 265, 268, 273, 274, 336, 362, 363, 364, 427, 428, 429, 468

DCT, 54, 56, 162, 164, 198, 202, 203, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 217, 222, 223, 232, 247, 248, 249, 255, 363, 378, 379, 403, 427, 428, 429, 489

DCT coefficient, 163, 428 dead zone, 163, 228 deblocking, 40, 55, 84, 85, 115, 331,

335, 336, 346, 350, 351, 361, 362, 488

decoder, 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 31, 35, 36, 39, 43, 44, 50, 51, 55, 74, 80, 87, 99, 111, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 149, 160, 161, 164, 193, 195, 206, 210, 211, 212, 218, 222, 223, 224, 228, 229, 231, 234, 237,238, 241, 243, 244, 249, 256, 282, 286, 290, 291, 298, 300, 304, 307, 327, 336, 337, 341, 375, 411, 460, 489

decorrelation, 280

discrete cosine transform, 487, 488 displacement, 285, 375, 382, 384,

385, 391, 394 display order, 8, 11, 79, 84, 85, 132,

138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 285, 381

DPCM, 206, 458 DQUANT, 55, 56, 338, 340, 431,

432, 434, 435 DST, 198 DTS, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 18, 19, 20, 22, 28,

69, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 110, 112, 113, 133, 138

DVB, 85 elementary stream, 1, 14, 17, 18, 19,

21, 33, 37, 88, 106 encoder, 1, 3, 5, 6, 12, 14, 18, 23, 35,

36, 39, 44, 54, 62, 80, 83, 111, 114, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130, 135, 138, 139, 149, 151, 152, 155, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 171, 175, 179, 193, 194, 195, 204, 206, 210, 211, 212, 222, 224, 228, 229, 231, 234, 238, 241,243, 244, 256, 279, 282, 293, 298, 300, 307, 320, 327, 335, 337, 341, 370, 373, 382, 386, 411, 414, 428, 460

encoder block diagram, 460 energy compaction, 202 entropy, 82, 84, 87, 204, 413, 420 entropy coding, 82, 87 error concealment, 42, 43, 50, 51 errors, 12, 27, 35, 39, 42, 43, 44, 47,

48, 49, 50, 89, 204, 205, 206, 279, 432

ESC, 436, 437, 445, 449, 450, 451, 452

estimation, 58, 82, 176, 188, 472, 473 extension( ), 423 f_code, 424, 425, 426 face, 281, 487 fast, 117, 209, 211, 217, 218, 219,

233, 234, 279, 473, 487, 489 fast algorithms, 209 field, 4, 11, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 25, 30,

31, 32, 37, 51, 55, 56, 58, 60, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 72, 73, 75, 76, 94,

95, 96, 97, 112, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 157, 173, 190, 244, 324, 328, 349, 350, 352, 354, 357, 361, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378, 379, 381, 382, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 392, 393, 395, 396, 398, 399, 400, 403, 404, 405, 407, 408, 409, 414, 424, 426, 445, 467, 469

field motion, 385 field picture, 393, 396 filter, 33, 40, 44, 54, 56, 59, 66, 81,

82, 84, 85, 115, 211, 247, 248, 257, 282, 313, 337, 342, 345, 346, 347, 349, 350, 351, 361, 362, 364, 365, 367, 400, 488

fixed_flag, 37 formats, 31, 53, 76, 78, 89, 279 Forward DCT, 208 forward_f, 423 fractional-pel, 280, 282 GOP, 6, 54, 64, 79, 124, 139, 143,

162, 170, 171, 176, 180, 181, 182, 184, 185, 188, 290, 291, 303, 320, 423

group of blocks, 163 Group of Pictures, 290 H.221, 21 H.261, 161, 162, 163, 164, 487, 488 H.263, 164, 165, 279, 281, 331, 332,

333, 334, 488, 489, 490 half-pel, 54, 282, 288, 375, 425 hardware, 39, 210, 288, 293, 297, 312 HDTV, 63 Huffman, 56, 60, 82, 116, 251, 252,

286, 411, 412, 413, 418, 419, 431, 457, 458

Huffman coding, 60, 412, 418, 419 human visual system, 120, 197, 198,

202, 204, 206, 243, 248, 279 IDCT, 203, 206, 207, 209, 211, 217,

218 inter, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 11, 39, 40, 41, 42,

118, 166, 252, 298, 308, 316, 325, 342, 371, 373, 374, 384, 387, 389, 390, 391, 393, 394, 395, 439

492 INDEX

493

interlaced, 53, 57, 58, 59, 63, 66, 78, 85, 97, 168, 288, 369, 377, 378

interlaced frame, 66 interlaced video, 53, 57, 58, 59, 78,

85, 95, 168, 288, 377, 378 intra, 22, 26, 39, 40, 41, 42, 51, 54,

81, 166, 215, 216, 237, 250, 252, 254, 255, 256, 325, 338, 339, 348, 349, 417, 423, 427, 428, 439, 443, 444, 478, 488

intra coding, 252, 488 intra_dc_precision, 215, 250, 424 intra_slice, 22, 424 intra_slice_flag, 424 intra_vlc_format, 428 Inverse DCT, 209, 210 I-picture, 162, 163 loop, 11, 23, 39, 40, 41, 56, 59, 66,

71, 75, 106, 115, 155, 211, 257, 300, 332, 335, 361

lossless, 78, 121, 204, 412, 418, 488 lossy, 194 low_delay, 98, 101, 104, 112 luma, 4, 61, 81, 84, 173, 237, 240,

251, 255, 256, 263, 264, 273, 285, 292, 293, 307, 325, 328, 391, 477

luminance, 173, 306, 427, 460 macroblock, 44, 428 macroblock_address_, 44 macroblock_intra, 428 MAD, 180, 186 masking, 279, 287 mismatch, 3, 212, 213, 217, 222 motion compensation, 54, 58, 80, 81,

164 motion vector, 54, 66, 88, 164, 186,

299, 323, 349, 460 motion_code, 424, 425, 426 motion_r, 424, 425, 426 motion_vector, 424 MPEG, xii, xiii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,

9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 18, 21, 24, 25, 29, 31, 36, 44, 45, 53, 63, 66, 67, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 78, 88, 89, 90, 99, 104, 105, 106, 107, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 133, 139,

151, 161, 164, 168, 170, 174, 180, 186, 187, 197, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 249, 250, 251, 279, 280, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 298, 331, 361, 369, 370, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378, 379, 380, 399, 403, 423, 425, 427, 443, 444, 452, 487, 488, 489, 490

MPEG-1, 15, 17, 164, 168, 249, 369 MPEG-2, xiii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12,

18, 44, 45, 63, 66, 67, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 78, 88, 89, 90, 99, 104, 107, 109, 112, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 132, 133, 139, 151, 161, 168, 174, 206, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 249, 250, 251, 279, 280,288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 331, 369, 370, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378, 379, 380, 399, 403, 423, 425, 427, 443, 444, 452, 487

MPEG-2 video, 2, 67, 99, 117, 125, 132, 288, 289, 290, 291

MPEG-4, 78, 121, 164, 174, 180, 186, 187, 249, 251, 281, 292, 298, 361, 487, 488, 489, 490

MQUANT, 162, 220, 437 MSE, 201 mux_rate, 19, 20, 36, 37, 76 object-based, 489 occupancy, 160, 161, 162, 163, 167,

168, 172, 181 orthogonal, 219, 222, 223, 234 overflow, 3, 6, 7, 35, 36, 76, 112,

124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 161, 162, 163, 172, 338

packet, 3, 4, 5, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 35, 37, 67, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 89, 99, 109, 111, 112, 113

packet header, 3, 17, 19, 27, 30, 38, 112, 113

packet start code, 25 packet_length, 19, 21, 67 PCR, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 27, 35,

36 perceptual quality, 189

INDEX

performance, 38, 54, 78, 82, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 193, 204, 244, 249, 285, 292, 373, 386, 412, 418, 419, 490

PES, 2, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 37, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 77, 91, 92, 99, 104, 109, 111, 112, 113, 133, 138

picture, 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 17, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 50, 54, 56, 57, 61, 63, 66, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 100, 103, 107, 108, 113, 118, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 130, 132, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142, 143, 145, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195, 227, 279, 280, 282, 283, 284, 290, 296, 298, 299, 300, 306, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 324, 327, 332, 335, 339, 356, 361, 369, 370, 371, 373, 377, 379, 380, 382, 384, 389, 390, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408, 423, 426, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 439, 441, 443, 447, 450, 451, 452, 459

picture complexity, 184 picture header, 39, 61, 124, 195, 439,

441, 447 picture layer, 361, 443 picture removal, 136 picture_display_, 424 picture_structure, 371, 424, 426 P-picture, 162 prediction, 39, 54, 57, 58, 61, 78, 81,

84, 115, 118, 149, 152, 164, 165, 175, 187, 188, 190, 210, 221, 237, 238, 240, 250, 251, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 280, 282, 285, 298, 305, 307, 308, 316, 318, 321, 323, 324, 325, 328, 354, 355, 356, 357, 373, 374, 377, 378, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389,

390, 391, 393, 394, 395, 396, 398, 407, 408, 426, 439, 469, 478, 490

presentation, 107 profiles, 53, 63, 66, 87, 88, 114, 117,

118, 119 Program Stream, 1, 12, 18, 19, 22,

25, 27, 35, 63, 88 progressive, 53, 57, 60, 66, 97, 124,

195, 212, 221, 243, 288, 293, 344, 369, 370, 379, 380, 397, 423

progressive frame, 66, 369 progressive video, 53, 212, 221, 243,

288, 293, 344, 380, 397 progressive_frame, 424 progressive_sequence, 370, 379 PSNR, 116, 120, 190 PTS, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 19, 20, 22,

25, 69, 99, 102, 103, 104, 107, 110, 112, 113, 133, 138

Quality of Service, 2, 10 quant, 254, 424 quantization, 54, 162, 166, 168, 169,

170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 192, 197, 204, 205, 206, 216, 219, 222, 223, 228, 229, 230, 234, 238, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 280, 286, 331, 336, 337, 338, 364, 367, 423, 425, 487, 489

r_size, 424, 426 rate control, 39, 41, 123, 161, 162,

163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 172, 174, 180, 182, 187, 190, 192, 206, 280, 287, 487, 489, 490

rate_bound, 37 recoding, 487 redundancy, 81 reference picture, 11, 39, 41, 80, 85,

118, 121, 125, 132, 135, 136, 138, 139, 143, 147, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 193, 255, 279, 285, 286, 288, 290, 300, 303, 306, 307, 308, 310, 316, 317, 320, 321, 327, 332, 335, 342, 349, 355, 356, 361, 375, 383, 389,407, 408, 432

494 INDEX

495

re-ordering, 132, 133, 138, 152, 154, 285, 412

residual, 39, 40, 41, 42, 58, 81, 85, 202, 237, 240, 243, 244, 245, 279, 286, 291, 292, 304, 306, 307, 321, 323, 326, 331, 338, 345, 349, 378, 424, 431, 432, 449, 450, 464, 469, 470, 478

ringing, 81, 361, 365 rounding, 60, 211, 212, 217, 218,

294, 296, 310, 314, 324 run, 82, 212, 221, 243, 379, 401, 406,

429, 430, 444, 445, 446, 447, 449, 451, 452, 483, 484, 486

run-level, 429 sample, 78, 85, 190, 191, 266, 267,

274, 288, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 349, 355, 356, 357, 405

sampling, 3, 4, 7, 37, 85, 243, 247, 379, 484

scaling, 63, 115, 193, 195, 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 234, 236, 253, 254, 308, 389, 395, 473

scene change, 54, 283, 326, 327 SCR, 19, 35, 36 sequence, 22, 43, 44, 55, 66, 69, 72,

84, 91, 92, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 190, 244, 323, 369, 370, 380, 404, 423, 433

sequence header, 124, 126, 128, 129 shape, xiii, 45, 46, 79 SIF, 65 skipping, 97 slice, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51,

61, 69, 79, 84, 85, 90, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148, 149, 152, 154, 180, 187, 188, 189, 191, 320, 324, 325, 327, 346, 350, 351, 354, 355, 358, 360, 407, 408, 423, 424, 445, 464, 467, 478

slice_start_code, 44, 423 slice_vertical_, 44, 424 slice_vertical_position, 44, 424 SMPTE, xii, 1, 53, 67, 69, 72, 73, 74,

126, 249, 489, 490

spatial, 39, 41, 51, 62, 81, 85, 173, 174, 206, 250, 255, 257, 281, 327, 328, 378

spatial masking, 173, 174, 206 start codes, 17 STD_buffer_bound_scale, 37 STD_buffer_size_bound, 37 still image, 87, 257, 279 subband coding, 490 subjective, 120, 121 sub-pixel, 295 symbols, 39, 40, 42, 82, 340, 413,

457, 458, 462 synchronization, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9,

20, 22, 27, 35, 36, 99, 109 syntax, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 29, 32,

33, 36, 38, 44, 50, 54, 56, 59, 60, 61, 63, 68, 72, 80, 81, 84, 85, 90, 92, 93, 97, 104, 106, 126, 134, 138, 152, 153, 155, 156, 159, 164, 195, 225, 228, 230, 236, 239, 242, 254, 296, 301, 305, 310, 327, 353, 380, 383, 386, 388, 389, 391, 392, 394, 395, 396, 411, 417, 423, 424, 431, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 441, 442, 444, 445, 447, 449, 450, 451, 452, 458, 459, 462, 463, 467, 469, 470, 479, 480

system, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 36, 37, 38, 89, 123, 206, 243

system clock, 4, 13, 19, 36, 37 system header, 36, 37, 38 system target decoder, 19 system_audio_lock_flag, 37 system_clock_frequency, 4, 37 system_clock_reference, 19, 36 system_video_lock_flag, 37 target rate, 162, 166 temporal, 39, 41, 51, 56, 108, 109,

149, 206, 255, 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, 326, 370, 382, 423

temporal masking, 279, 287 test model, 164, 168, 182 Test Model 5, 488 TM5, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174,

176, 179, 488

INDEX

top_field_first, 424 transform, 39, 40, 41, 53, 54, 55, 56,

58, 62, 78, 81, 82, 83, 162, 164, 198, 207, 209, 212, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 229, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 239, 240, 241, 243, 244, 245, 250, 251, 255, 342, 346, 347, 352, 353, 355, 361, 460, 465, 466, 472, 479, 482, 487, 489

transform coding, 53, 78, 162, 164 Transport Stream, 1, 3, 12, 14, 27, 29,

67, 88 TS, 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, 20, 21, 24, 25,

27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 69, 70, 71, 75, 104, 106, 108

uimsbf, 70, 71, 72, 73, 107, 108 underflow, 3, 6, 7, 12, 35, 36, 76,

112, 124, 126, 131, 161, 162, 163, 171

user data, 66, 124, 423 variable, 20, 27, 36, 37, 44, 76, 125,

126, 128, 129, 141, 149, 156, 157,

158, 166, 176, 253, 277, 325, 328, 329, 349, 350, 357, 405, 407, 414, 415, 424, 478, 480, 481, 482, 483

variable length codes, 414 VBV, 6, 14, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129 vbv_buffer_size, 15, 124 vbv_delay, 17, 124, 423 vector, 190, 201, 206, 219, 292, 318,

423, 460 vectors, 56, 201, 219, 363 video formats, 57, 81 video sequence, 91, 104, 107, 112,

132, 369 video signal, 164, 202 video_bound, 37 wavelet, 198, 248, 489, 490 wavelet transform, 248 YCbCr, 237, 240, 241, 243, 245, 250,

279, 296 YUV, 10 zigzag, 428

496 INDEX