1. Californias Drought, 2014: Monterey As of March 1, 2014 Sierra Snowpack Statewide: 31% Rainfall Statewide: 29% - Central Coast 32% Percent Drought Area: - 91% of State: Severe Drought - 22% od State: Exceptional Drought

2. Droughts In The West Over Time Cook et al. 2007. North American drought: Reconstructions, causes, and consequences. Earth-Science Reviews 81:93- 134. Drier Wetter 3. Ridiculously Resilient Ridge Deflects Storms To The North January 26, 2014. Created by D. Swain on earth.nullschool.net 4. -3 -1 1 3 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Central Coast Rainfall (1920 2014) Year SeaSurfaceAnomaly Data From: PDO Index, University of Washington; Central Coast Rainfall, Western Regional Climate Center 1977 - 19981946 - 19761924 - 1945 1999 - 2014 CentralCoastRainfall (Inches) Warm Warm Cool Cool 0 10 20 30 40 50 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 19981983 El Nino Severe Drought (1976 -77) Dust Bowl (1924 35) Severe Drought (1924) 2013 Severe Drought (2013 - 2014) 5. PDO Rainfall Smoothed Southwest Rainfall and PDO Signals From: Dai. 2013. Climate Dynamics. 41:633646 1977 - 19981946 - 19761924 - 1945 1999 -> Southwest US (30 N - 40 N, 105 W 120 W) 2ndPCACoefficientofSST 6. California Drought: Tree ring data suggests droughts were longer and more severe. By Paul Rogers, 25 Jan 2014 Medieval Mega-droughts 240 years 180 years 900 Percent Drought Area 1850: California Statehood Wetter Drier than Average 2013, 2014 driest years on record. 1000 1100 13001200 1400 17001500 1600 1800 1900 2000 From: Cook et al. 2010. Megadroughts in North America: placing IPCC projections of hydroclimatic change in a long-term palaeoclimate context. JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE. 25(1) 4861. Year PDO Signal 20% - 60% - 40% - Wet Dry 7. Reverse Osmosis Desalination Seawater (or brackish) RO Membrane Empty Brine (High Salt) High Pressure Drinking Water Sand Citys RO Filters - 40% of cost comes from electricity. 56% 44% 8. Reverse Osmosis For Seawater and Wastewater Purification 9. Monterey Bay Aq. (Seawater Dilution) Red Sea 40 Salinity and Marine Life 31405070 60 Ocean Salinity (Parts per thousand, ppt) Common Marine Life Dead Sea 337 Salton Sea 49Mono Lake 79 Reverse Osmosis Brine (from seawater intake) Marina Regional Water Project 62 53 Sand City Plant (Brackish Intake) Monterey Bay 32 - 34 Santa Cruz Plant (Proposed Wastewater Dilution) 10. California Market Squid, Doryteuthis opalescens Photo: L. Zeidberg Egg Nursery 11. Brine Plume Movie 12. Capacity (MGD) 0 - 1 2 - 10 11 - 25 1 2 3 4 6 5 10 7 8 9 Information From: California SWRCB, 4 June 2013 Existing Facilities 1. Duke Energy 0.5 MGD 2. Sand City 0.3 MGD 3. Monterey Bay Aquarium 0.04 MGD Proposed Facilities 4. Ocean View Plaza 0.03 MGD 6. Deepwater 25 MGD 5. scwd2 2.5 15 MGD Competing Proposals 7. Regional Desal Project (Peoples) 10 MGD 8. Cal Am 6 9.3 MGD 9. MPWMD 10 MGD 10. SW Desal Vessel (Poseidon) 10 MGD Total Capacity: 40 50 MGD 13. Perus University of Engineering and Technology: Billboard produces 830 gallons per month Source: Yahoo News 14. Monterey Peninsula Herald May 27, 1932 Monterey Peninsula Herald May 27, 1932 15. Carmel Rivers Steelhead Trout Steelhead Trout Fry May 4, 2012 Steelhead Redd (nest) May 2, 2012 Photo: F. Emerson Ocean-run Adult Steelhead