AbstractThe rare and interesting curimatid fish Curimatopsis

microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei:Characiformes), the generic attribution of which is provi-sional, has been rediscovered recently in the Rio Purusregion, Brazil by Heiko Bleher. The recent specimens aredescribed; characteristics such as the squamation and thecolour, until now poorly known or not known at all, aregiven. Its type locality, Jatuarana, as well as some otherlocalities of the Thayer Expedition in Brazil in 1865 and1866, are discussed and corrected. Faunal lists of these sta-tions and a study of the faunal similarity are reported.

RésuméL’intéressant et rare poisson curimatide Curimatopsis

microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei:Characiformes), dont l’attribution générique semble provi-soire, a été récemment redécouvert dans le Rio Purusregion, Brésil, par Heiko Bleher. Les spécimens récentssont décrits, avec mention de characters peu connus ouinconnus tels que la scalation et le patron de coloration. Salocalité typique Jatuarana, ainsi que d’autres localités del’Expédition Thayer au Brésil en 1865 et 1866, sont dis-cutées et corrigées. Des listes faunistiques de ces stations,accompagnées d’une étude de similitude faunistique, com-plätent cette note.

ZusammenfassungDer seltene und interessante Barbensalmler Curimatopsis

microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei:Characiformes), dessen Gattungs-Zuordnung als vorläufigzu gelten hat, wurde kürzlich von Heiko Bleher im RioPurus in Brasilien wiederentdeckt. Die jetzt gefundenenExemplare werden beschrieben; bisher kaum oder garnicht bekannte Merkmale der Beschuppung und Farbge-bung werden genannt. Anschließend wird die Typus-lokalität Jatuarana sowie einige weitere Fundorte derThayer-Expedition in Brasilien in den Jahren 1865 und1866 diskutiert und korrigiert. Es folgen Faunenlisten

dieser Stationen und eine Analyse der faunistischen Sta-tions-Similarität.

SommarioIl raro e interessante curimatide Curimatopsis microlepis Ei-genmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: Characiformes),la cui attribuzione al genere Curimatopsis deve considerarsiprovvisoria, è stato recentemente riscoperto da Heiko Blehernella regione del Rio Purus, in Brasile. Gli esemplari sonostati descritti; vengono fornite caratteristiche relative allescaglie e alla colorazione, tratti finora poco noti o del tuttosconosciuti. La località tipo, Jatuarana, e altre località men-zionate dalla Spedizione Thayer compiuta in Brasile tra il1865 e il 1866, sono discusse e corrette. Infine, sono ripor-tate le liste delle specie animali presenti in queste stazioniinsieme a considerazioni sulle somiglianze nella compo-sizione faunistica.

INTRODUCTIONIn his revision of the genus Curimatopsis, Vari(1982) pointed out the peculiarities of Curimatop-sis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, acurimatid characiform fish with an isolated posi-tion within the genus by its relatively large size andits numerous scales, whereas the other species areremarkable by their nanism (small size) and regres-sion of the scales. The species is rare, in compari-son with the other pigmy Curimatopsis species,which were always well represented in every expe-dition, with hundreds of specimens collected. Vari(1982) was able to study only two specimens dat-ing from more than a century ago, but these werenot very well preserved and partly without scales:the holotype, MCZ 20344, 83.7 mm SL, from“Jatuarana”, collected by Mr. Navez for the ThayerExpedition (see note), and a specimen MNHN 09-226, 89.0 mm SL, collected by M. Jobert in the

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007107

aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology

Rediscovery of the rare curimatid fish Curimatopsis microlepisEigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Teleostei: Characiformes) in theRio Purus basin, Brazil, with a note on some Amazonian localities

of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil in 1865 and 1866

Jacques Géry*

10 Chemin du Plantier, F-24200 Sarlat, France

Received: 08 April 2006 – Accepted: 15 March 2007

*On 15 June 2007 Dr Jacques Géry passed away. An orbituary will be published in issue 12(4)

“Villa des Tonnintins sur la rive gauche du rioSolimõens” (Pellegrin 1909), both representing theonly published biological material of the species.There are unpublished records of three other spec-imens: 1) USNM 268035, collected by M. Gould-ing, 1979 in Rio Téfé; 2) USNM 268867, col-lected in a lago near Berurí, Solimões, 1985 and 3)FMNH 54925, collected by M. Ellis in HubabuCreek, Guyana. The latter is worth investigating, asit was not mentioned by Eigenmann (1912) andperhaps there could be a mistake on the label (forCurimatopsis macrolepis).Recently H. Bleher & N. Khardina collectedadditional specimens of this interesting fish in thebasin of the middle and lower Rio Purus, Brazil.The rediscovery justifies the present redescriptionas well as the correction of the type locality of thespecies, along with discussion of other collectingstations of the Thayer Expedition.

MATERIALS AND METHODSMeasurements were taken with digital calipers andexpressed as fractions of standard length (SL) andhead length (HL) in the description, and in per-centages of the SL and HL inTable I for easier com-parison with modern works such as that of Vari(1982). During measurements, the head was mea-sured excluding the opercular membrane, the eyewas measured horizontally, the snout and postocu-lar length are projection lengths, the bony interor-bital was measured posterior to the supraocularbone, the number of pored scales of the lateral line(LL) are indicated in parentheses, and unbranchedsoft rays are given in small roman numerals. Theterm “redescription”, widely used nowadays in tax-

onomy, signifies a supplementary description. Spec-imens are stored in the following institutions:FMNH – Field Museum of Natural History,Chicago, USAMCZ – Museum of Comparative Zoology, Har-vard, USAMHNG – Musée d’Histoire naturelle de Genève,SwitzerlandMNHN – Musée national d’Histoire naturelle,Paris, FranceMTDF – Staatlisches Museum für Tierkunde,Dresden, GermanyMZUSP – Museu de Zoologia, Universidade deSão Paulo, BrazilUSNM – United States National Museum ofNatural History, Washington, USASeveral local terms are used throughout the textand they are defined as follows: lago (lake usuallyconnected with the main river, but not all), furo(canal usually connecting two water bodies),igarapé (small river) and igapó (inundated zone).

RESULTSRedescription of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigen-

mann & Eigenmann, 1889 (Figs 1 & 3)Material examined: MZUSP 820021, 66.2 mmSL, Lago Solitario near Baturité, SW of Tapauá onthe middle Rio Purus, Brazil, H. Bleher & N.Khardina, August 2002; MTDF 274931, 1, 64.7mm SL, same data as previous sample; MHNG,58.1 mm SL, same date as previous sample; coll.pers. Géry 1059.1.2003, 63.6 mm SL; coll. pers.Géry N° 1059.1.2006, 72.7 mm SL, Lago Aiapuánear Communidade de Oliveira, lower Rio Purus,Brazil, H. Bleher, 10 September 2006.

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 108

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Fig. 1. Curimatopsis microlepis, from Lago Solitario near Baturité, SW of Tapauá, after preservation in formalin. Photo byN. Khardina.

Diagnosis: Body shape typical of a curimatid fish,without striking features except the large head witha pronounced postorbital part, the broad, flat pre-orbital and interorbital with the mouth and thenostrils superior, the gape almost as broad as theinterorbital, the relatively long snout, compressedhorizontally, the relatively large dorsal and caudalfins and finally the absence of any black mark suchas humeral or caudal spot, lateral band etc. that arecommon in the group. The dorsal part of the bodyis speckled with tiny chromatophores and the over-all colour is light brownish, with some reflective sil-ver on live fish. The species is immediately identi-fiable by the very small but free maxilla, the rela-tively large number of scales (up to 64 in a longi-

tudinal series and 31 in a transverse series), theincomplete lateral line with no more than 5-13pored scales, associated with a body three timeslarger than the other Curimatopsis species.Description (Table I): Largest SL 72.7 mm; bodyrelatively deep, 2.95-3.41 in the SL; dorsal fin ante-rior to mid-body, the predorsal distance 1.09-1.26in the postdorsal distance, and fairly elevated, thelargest specimens with the second simple and firstbranched rays elongate, forming a short filamentabout 10-20% longer than the other rays but notextending to the adipose where the dorsal fin isdepressed, ca 30% of the SL; anal fin short, falci-form; pectoral fin very short, not longer than thedistance of its tip to the origin of the pelvic fin;

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007109

Jacques Géry

SL 72.65 66.15 64.65 63.55 58.10Largest depth 29.3 33.8 31.8 32.9 32.7Predorsal 49.0 50.6 49.7 ?45.4 48.8Prepelvic 54.5 54.7 53.3 52.2 52.9Peduncle depth 11.8 11.2 11.9 11.4 11.4Head length 32.5 33.7 33.4 32.5 34.3Eye diameter 25.0 26.0 24.7 25.1 26.8Interorbital 33.0 33.2 32.7 32.2 32.7Maxilla 10.4 11.1 11.1 10.9 11.3Snout 24.5 21.9 20.8 24.8 23.7Postorbital 42.2 47.2 44.4 48.3 48.1

Table I. Proportions of the five specimens of Curimatopsis microlepis from the Rio Purus region (in percentages of the SL forthe depth, predorsal, prepelvic, peduncle depth and HL, and in the HL for the eye, interorbital, maxilla, snout and postor-bital part).

Fig. 2. Biotope of Curimatopsis microlepis, Lago Solitario on the middle Rio Purus near Tapauá. Photo by H. Bleher.

pelvic fin behind level of dorsal-fin origin, the pre-pelvic distance 0.95-0.99 in the postpelvic distance,its tip not extending to first anal ray, with the begin-ning of a filament; peduncle relatively deep andshort, its depth 1.09-1.29 in its length, 11.8% of theSL in the largest specimen; no apparent sexualdimorphism contrary to the other species of thegenus (except perhaps the higher dorsal fin); uppercaudal lobe probably somewhat longer than thelower one (but most of the lower rays partly bittenoff and regenerated), with beginning of elongated

upper outer rays; predorsal region rounded with asmall median crest; postdorsal region rounded, witha small median depression; prepelvic region flat witha fairly broad median depression, the anglesrounded; postpelvic region forming a short, bluntkeel, triangular in section; dorsal rather high andpointed, II,8I or II,9; anal III,7 (first unbranchedray rudimentary, last branched one double); caudallobes well developed, pointed; longitudinal scales (5-7)62-64 in total, including about 3 on caudal base;transverse scales (26?)28-31 from dorsal to pelvic

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 110

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Fig. 3a-b.Two specimens of Curimatopsis microlepis alive from Lago Aiapuá, photographed before preservation: a) semi-adult;b) adult with its details of the anterior part. Photos by N. Khardina.

a

b

specimens, to find a complete row of each “category”to be quite certain of this important character(except the predorsal series where the count is some-what subjective).Head large, 2.90-3.10 in the SL; eye quite large,putatively without a negative allometry, with a nar-row anterior adipose lid, its diameter 3.75-4.10 inHL, situated almost entirely in the anterior half ofthe head; postorbital part of head long, 1.8-1.9times the eye’s diameter and more than twice thesnout (in projection); bony interorbital (behind

base (13-14 above the row corresponding to the lat-eral line and 14-15 from that row to the pelvic); 26-30 scales irregularly set along the predorsal line witha bare zone after the occiput corresponding to 5-6scales, and another one just before the dorsal fin cor-responding to 2-3 scales; about 7 scales transversallyacross the breast, the scales irregular without a dis-tinct series along the median line; 26-30 aroundcaudal peduncle; the scales seem to be fragile(explaining the difficulties of counting them on theold specimens) but it was possible, at least on some

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007111

Jacques Géry

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

CHARACIDAETetragonopterusT. argenteus + + + +T. chalceus + +

MoenkhausiaM. grandisquamis + +M. chrysargyrea + +M. comma TM. oligolepis + +M. ceros TM. gracilima TM. lepidura + + +M. colletti +Bario steindachneri +Gymnocorymbus thayeri + + + +Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus + + +

AstyanaxA. paucidens +A. multidens T

HyphessobryconH. serpae TH. melazonatus + THemigrammusHe. ocellifer +He. microstomus +He. hyanuary THe. cupreus T +Stichonodon insignis + +Stethaprion erythrops +Iguanodectes spilurus +Phenacogaster pectinatus +Leptobrycon jatuaranae TAphyocharax agassizi

ERYTHRINIDAEHoplia malabaricus + + + + + +

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Erythrinus erythrinus + +Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus + + + +

LEBIASINIDAEPyrrhulina brevis + +P. semifasciata + + + +Copella nattereri + + +C. guttata

ANOSTOMIDAE - PROCHILODIDAELeporinus moralesi +L. fasciatus + +L. f. altipinnis TL. friderici + + +L. pachyurus +L. varia + +L. taeniata + + +L. garmani T +Schizodon fasciatus + + + + +Sch. vittatus +Prochilodus taeniurus +

CURIMATIDAECurimatopsis macrolepis + +C. microlepis TC. spiluropsis + + + + + +C. leucostictus TC. plumbeus TC. serpae TC. alburna +C. a. lineata TC. vittata +C. knerii +C. bimac. trachyst. +Psectrogaster amazonica T +Ps. rutiloides +Potamorhina latior + + + +P. laticeps +P. pristigaster +

Table II (1).Table of presence of characiform species collected by the Thayer Expedition in eight stations. 1 = Lago do Aleixo;2 = Lago José Fernandez; 3 = Paraná do Janauari; 4 = Serpa; 5 = Silves; 6 = Jutahy; 7 = Cudajás; 8 = Jatuarana (for compu-tation of similarities between collecting stations, see text; + = presence; T = presence of type specimens).

the supraorbital) broad, 3.0-3.1 in HL (2.56 mea-sured on the largest specimen, including the supra-orbital); maxilla very short but free, about 9 timesin HL; snout 4.0-4.8 in HL, mouth superior(somewhat like that of a cyprinodontid), the gape,only visible from above, almost as broad as theinterorbital, which, together with the relativelylong snout, compressed horizontally, gives theappearance of a duck’s beak, though much shorter;nostrils without tube, close together, very anterior,completely on the top of the head near the outerend of premaxilla instead of being lateral; anteriornostril round, posterior one bean-shaped, sepa-rated by a narrow space equal to that separating theanterior nostril from the upper lip margin; poste-rior nostril separated from the anterior border ofthe supraorbital by a space twice as large; anteriorpart of palate with one median and two lateral clus-ters of tubercles barely developed and almost indis-tinct in some specimens, situated near the border ofthe upper jaw; gill-membrane united to the isthmusfar forward; gill rakers absent or reduced to veryminute mamilla-like tubercles numbering 45 or 50on the lower limb of the first arch.The colour pattern is quite uniform: some metal-lic reflections on the fishes in vivo and yellowishdorsal, adipose and caudal fins, absent in formalin;overall colour light brownish on the dorsal partand yellowish on the ventral one (in adults), with-out black marks except a dark dorsal band fromocciput to upper accessory caudal rays, circling thedorsal, about 2 scales broad; and the black longestunbranched dorsal rays visible in vivo. Through

the lens, the following, almost microscopic, pat-tern of freshly preserved fishes can be seen: entirebody and head speckled with chromatophores,rare on abdomen and dense on the dorsal region,where they are concentrated mainly on the caudalhalf of each scale; chromatophores very small anddense on the top of the head, the lips, the maxil-lary border and the antorbital, and less dense butmuch enlarged and conspicuous on the superiorpart of the opercle, which appears very dark,leaden coloured, in contrast to the golden irides-cence of the subopercle and the upper part of eye;numerous chromatophores inside the mouthalong the margin of the lower jaw, representingperhaps the “U-shaped dark bar in base of mouth”described by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1889a);base of anal fin with a series of parallel lines eachcorresponding to a ray; unbranched rays of dorsaland pectoral fins with dark border anteriorly; darkthin edging on the tips of the dorsal and caudalrays; first anal rays lighter than the rest of the fin.According to the collectors, the fish in vivo hadnothing distinguishing it from the other plaincurimatids. The photograph of the smaller fish,shot in situ after capture in the Lago Aiapuá (Fig.3a) shows a quite ordinary silvery specimen withpale brownish-yellowish paired dorsal, adiposeand caudal, while the close-up of the anterior partof the larger specimen (adult?) shows light browncolour of the flanks and white pectoral fins.Discussion: In the context of a revision that canbe now regarded as a standard in Characiformesichthyology (Vari’s 1982 supplementary descrip-tion), these specimens are smaller than the old ones(largest 89 mm SL), with a smaller snout andinterorbital (probably owing to different methodsof taking measurements) and fewer scales in thelateral line (7 vs 12-13). Without doubt, theybelong to a population of C. microlepis quite dis-tant from the type locality (500 km by air, see notehere below), and they have not evolved much. Thequestion of its attribution to the genus Curimatop-sis is not the purpose of the present paper. Sufficeit to say that the absence of shared derived charac-ters (such as sexual dimorphism), as well as itshabitus and head structures, do not support thistaxonomic position.Note on the type locality “Jatuarana” ofCurimatopsis microlepis and on othercollecting stations of the Thayer expeditionThe collecting stations of the old Brazilian expe-ditions are difficult to trace, owing sometimes to

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 112

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Stations 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 .20 .31 .14 .18 .45 .27 .31

2 .23 .27 .31 .32 .17 .20

3 .18 .32 .27 .33 .19

4 .44 .18 .12 .07

5 .27 .34 .16

6 .23 .19

7 .13

Table II (2). Coefficients of similarity (%) calculated fromthe data of Table II (1):

the loss of labels, but chiefly to the inconsistencies ofmaps before the middle of the twentieth century: forexample the map in Eigenmann (1917) has, amongother discrepancies, the Lago Tefé represented onthe wrong side of the Solimões (Fig. 4). Moreover,the habit of giving the same name to several locali-ties and of changing the names of the localities andeven of the rivers causes problems, as pointed out byDick (1977) with respect to the great Thayer Expe-dition. To cite a few examples: the Solimõesbecomes the Amazon downstream of the mouth ofthe Rio Negro; Manaus, formerly Manaos, was oncetermed Barra, and Forte do Rio Negro; in 30 years,the place name Tapauá has moved about 200 kmeast on the Rio Purus, passing from the mouth ofthe Rio Tapauá to the mouth of the Rio Itaparaná,but persisting west, resulting in two villages with thesame name on the same river (see Annex I). Fortu-nately a number of dubious stations were updatedby Higuchi (1992) and only a few, concerning theAmazon basin, need to be revised here.The lack of information or, worse, wrong informa-tion, is critical as it affects the scientifically impor-tant type locality (terra typica or locus typicus).

One of the most critical localities is “Jatuarana”where C. microlepis was found. Jatuarana is the com-mon name of a Brycon (Characidae), a food fishcommon in the Amazon; local fishermen had a ten-dency to name a sector of a water body by the nameof the most abundant or interesting fish there.At the end of 1865, Mr. Navez (spelled Naves byHiguchi 1992), possibly from Manaus, took partin the greatest collecting expedition ever made inSouth America, that of the Nathaniel Thayer Expe-dition, directed by Professor Louis Agassiz andcomprising more than 30 members, includingBrazilian volunteers. Alone, or more probably withLouis Agassiz (according to Böhlke 1954), he col-lected a number of characiform species in a placetermed “Jatuarana”, spelled Jutuarana by Fowler(1948) as well as in a “lake” termed “Hyanuary”. In“Jatuarana”, Navez collected at least 14 species orsubspecies, including five new ones: Hemigrammuscupreus Durbin, 1918; Aphyocharax agassizi (Stein-dachner 1883); Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigen-mann, 1915; Leporinus fasciatus altipinnis Borodin,1929 and Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann &Eigenmann, 1889. In “Lago Hyanuary”, he

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007113

Jacques Géry

Fig. 4. The city Teffe (=Tefé) on Eigenmann’s (1917) map with the correct location, but L. Teffe (= Lago Tefé) on the wrongside of the Rio Solimões. The route of the Thayer Expedition is in solid line (red in the original).

secured two new species, Moenkhausia ceros Eigen-mann, 1908 and Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbinin Eigenmann (1918), some topotypes ofCyphocharax plumbeus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann1889), and a number of other species, difficult toseparate from those collected in the same lake byD. Bourget and Major Coutinho, also active mem-bers of the expedition. For example, the tinyCarnegiella schereri Fernández-Yépez, 1950 wasdescribed from “Lake Hyanuary” without record ofthe collector, with the only information: “collectedin Lake Hyanuary (Januari) by Thayer Expeditionto Brazil in January 1866”, implying perhaps anexplanation of the origin of the name of the col-lecting station given by the collectors. This puta-tive explanation is not plausible because a LakeJanuari or Janauari existed before the expeditionand still exists.Despite his important record, Mr. Navez is notcited among the collaborators of the expedition,neither by Eigenmann (1917) nor Dick (1977);moreover the localities where he collected are not

correctly recorded. His name appears only at theoccasion of the description of new species collectedby the Thayer expedition1.Borodin (1929) mentioned only “Jatuarana,Brazil; Steindachner (1883) added to the locality“Ein Geschenk des Herrn Prof. L. Agassiz”. OnlyEigenmann & Eigenmann (1889a, b), Eigenmann(1908, 1915, 1917) and Durbin in Eigenmann(1918) added the name of the collector: “Navez”.Dick (1977, map fig. 9) was apparently the firstto pinpoint Jatuarana and to give a sketch locatingthe site on the lower course of the Rio Roosevelt, atributary of the Rio Aripuana (Rio Madeira basin)at about 7°30’ S. This location is accepted withoutcomment by Vari (1982, map fig. 14).A study of the route of the Thayer Expeditionchecked against maps shows that the location of

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 114

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Fig. 5. Map of Central Amazon region as known during the Thayer Expedition (after H. Kiepert, 1867 – 1:2000000) with

1 Of which only a part has been completely studied yet: Curimatidae,Erythrinidae, Lebiasinidae, Anostomidae and Characidae partim etc.For some reason, Eigenmann could not continue his studies of thecollections of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at Harvard, andlater sent Haseman to South America to complete the record.

4°

3° 63

63 62

62

Jatuarana given by Dick (1977) is misplaced byabout five degrees of latitude. There is (or was)indeed a village or some houses termed Jatuarana onthe bank of Rio Roosevelt (bottom of OperationalNavigation Chart M-26, U.S. Air Force millionthmap), an almost unexplored region in 1865. Themembers of the Thayer expedition never went thatfar, as confirmed by the narrations of the expeditionand the map in Eigenmann (1917). They concen-trated on the Amazon itself, usually anchoring theirboat and starting from a base camp (chiefly Manaus,but also Tefé-Sitio and some other places) andexploring mainly the lakes and the lower course ofthe tributaries of the central basin, the richest in theworld for freshwater species. Individual expeditionmembers went far upstream in only a few instances:Tocantins, Tapajós, Xingú up to the first cataractsand Negro up to Rio Branco. The Rio Roosevelt isthus to be deleted from the list of candidates, as ifthey had gone that far south, there would have beenmore than a single, remote, collecting station, as inthe other rivers.

Another Jatuarana, the Igarapé Jatuarana nearSamuel on the Rio Jamari (basin of the RioMadeira), is likewise improbable, for the same rea-sons. Fatuaranua, near Mauhes (visited by mem-bers of the expedition, but not by Navez) is alsounlikely, owing to its different spelling, and thesame is true for Igarapé Jutuarana, a small tributaryof the lower Rio Uatumã. Lastly, the “Jatuarana”that appeared recently on maps within the IlhaXiborena (separating the Negro from the Solimões)is modern, being 100 years younger.Only one Igarapé Jatuarana seems to be theappropriate candidate: according to the two mil-lionth map of the Amazon established by Kiepert(1867) and from the names in use in the secondhalf of the nineteenth century, often of indigenousorigin, this igarapé is easily reachable by boat fromManaus, the principal base-camp: it is situatedabout 40 km downstream, on the left bank of theRio Amazonas at the middle of the big Ilha doCareiro, at mid-distance between the “encontro daságuas” (mouth of Rio Negro) and the next island,the Ilha das Onças, and opposite the Lago do Rei(Fig. 5), often visited by the local fishermen.Nowadays, the names of the igarapés of the leftbank downstream from Manaus (Paraná CoaraMirim and Coara Açú, Igarapé Mocambo) havebeen omitted from maps, whereas two well-knownmodern names were not (or not at their presentplace) on the ancient maps: Rio Puraquequara, thenext rio downstream from Manaus, and Rio Pretoda Eva. This perhaps explains the error in Dick(1977). The name reappears only in the detailedmodern IBGE map of 1998 (after Dick’s research)(Fig. 6). Checking the archives of the MCZ wouldhave shown anyhow that the co-ordinates of Jatu-arana, as given by Agassiz, correspond almost per-fectly to the above described locality (except thatthe latitude is four or five minutes further south),corresponding to the northern bank of the Ilhaopposite the igarapé, which empties into the south-ern bank of the northern arm of the Amazon. Theco-ordinates of the modern map are (at the mouthof the igarapé) 59°40’W and 03°04’S. Higachi’s(1992) putative location of an igarapé or lago Jatu-arana near Barreirinha SW of Parintins does notcorrespond to these co-ordinates and is thus notconsidered as probable.Other discrepancies between ancient maps andDick’s (1977) locations could be found (somealready succinctly updated by Higuchi 1992). Itappears that some of the maps produced by Dick

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007115

Jacques Géry

F. January, the Ig. Jatuarana L. Arary (marked with red spots).

61

61

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 116

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

Fig. 6a-b. Maps which show the important localities discussed: a) Município de Manaus today with the lagos Iranduba andJanauari (and other localities discussed extisting today); b)Município de Manaus in 1965: from left to right, Janauari, Aleixoand Jatuarana. The solid circles represent Manacapuru and Manaus 1965. IBGE map 1998 (a) and a drawing by J. Géry (b).

a

b

(1977) are unreliable. The corrections of certainlocalities, when possible, may thus be useful forworkers on Amazonian fauna. They concern espe-cially “Arary”, “Lago Hyanuary”, “Lago Aleixo”(Lago do, or Lago Alexo), “Lago José Fernandez”and “Curupira”, said to be a lake by Dick (1977).“Arary” is mentioned has having been explored byStephen Van R. Thayer. Dick (1977) cited onlyone Arary (Arari), a little town located, accordingto his map (fig. 11 in Dick 1977), on Rio Itapi-curu in the State of Maranhão. Indeed, there is anArari between Rio Mearim (into Rio Pindaré) andRio Itapicuru. However, the examination of thefauna cited in the literature (Thayer foundMoenkhausia lepidura but not a single Hemigram-mus marginatus, for example) shows that we aredealing with another, Amazonian, Arary: Higuchi(1992) mentioned a Lago Arari, situated in the Ilhade Marajó (Pará). However, Kiepert’s (1867) map,referred to above, gives a Lago Arary on the rightside of the Rio Amazonas just downstream of themouth of the Rio Madeira (Fig. 5), i.e. on the wayto Serpa (now Itacoatiara, see glossary in Annex 1)where Thayer collected at the same time. Owing tothe similarities of fauna, it is obvious that the“Arary” of Dick (1977) and of Higuchi (1992) are

15 and 10 degrees (of longitude this time) respec-tively away from the putative real one. This error isnot scientifically serious, owing to the absence oftype specimens in the collection.The positions of the other “lagos” Hyanuary, JoséFernandez and Aleixo, are perhaps inaccurate byless than a degree, but the scientific consequencesof an eventual error should not be underestimated,because the faunas are quite different in the acidbrown waters of the Rio Negro and in the less acid,yellow turbid waters of the Solimões upstreamfrom the mouth of the Negro. For example the firstlake, now termed Janauari, depends on the Soli-mões and not on the Negro (with nevertheless apossible connection during floods).Dick (1977) mentioned the Rio Hyanuary “onthe western side of the Rio Negro”; but in his map(fig. 10), he locates the Lago Hyanuary or Januaryon the left bank (eastern side) of the Rio Negroupstream from Manaus and from the other lakes:Lago Irandubo (not in the index, a mistake forIranduba [spelled Ueranduba in Eigenmann’s time]on the Solimões, where Coutinho collected at leastone characid, Moenkhausia lepidura), Lago Aleixo(not in the index) and Lago José Fernandez (alsospelled José-Fernandez). On modern maps, there

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007117

Jacques Géry

Fig. 7. Dendogram of the coefficients of similarity between eight Amazonian stations of the Thayer Expedition (see text).

8 Jatuarana

1 Aleixo (Alexo)

6 Jutahy

3 Janauary

7 Cudajas

4 Serpa

5 Silves

2 José Fernandes

20%25%

30%45% 100%

are no such names along the lower Rio Négro.Instead, from east to west we have the IgarapésTarumã Grande and Tarumazinho, Lago Tupé andRio Cuieiras.Lake Hyanuary (also termed Paraná do Januari orF. Janauari) is cited as being on the left bank of theRio Solimões, connecting it with the Rio Négro,in the descriptions of species collected.According to the nineteenth century map, Janu-ary is indeed a furo on the left bank of the RioSolimões in the great peninsula do Caldeirão(including Ilha Xiborena), nearly separating theNegro and the Solimões, roughly from Manaca-puru to Ilha de Marchantaria. This area, as in mostparts of the Central Amazon basin, is an intricacyof lagos, furos, igarapés and igapós. Paraná doJanauari is situated east of Ilha Paciencia, aboutopposite the small Ilha J. Venâncio. It empties intothe Solimões and also into the Rio Negro via twofuros. This has some biogeographical and faunalimportance, as a filtration effect of the fauna hasbeen shown in the Caldeirão region through theFuro Paracuuba or other connections (Lamarque,pers. comm.). The Paraná do Janauari exists onmodern maps a little further eastward, owing pos-sibly to the modifications of the Amazon’s coursein almost 140 years (but more probably owing tothe imprecision of old maps). Its co-ordinates werenoted during a stage in Manaus in 1986: 60°05’Wand 03°13’S (HIGUCHI 1996 gives the same longi-tude but 03°12’ in latitude). Janauari and Irandubaare thus close together, if not belonging to the sameexpanse of water. The Lakes Castanha andJanauaca, well known by the fishermen, are some-what west of the same longitude, but on the otherbank of the Solimões. The three “lakes”, submittedto a fairly high fishing pressure from both the fish-ermen and the scientists, are easily reachable byboat from Manaus, where some members of theexpedition had their headquarters.Lago Aleixo is situated in Dick’s (1977) map (fig.10) on the Rio Negro, but is not mentioned onancient maps. According to the accounts of theirtravels, Thayer explored the “Ilha Cudajaz” (nowIlha Codajás, more than 100 km upstream fromthe mouth of Rio Purus) with Bourget, and“Jutahy” (between Tonantins and Fonte Boa) withJames and Talisman. Alone, he visited Serpa (stillexisting on the other side opposite Itacotiara, map9 in Dick, 1977), Silva (now Silves) (Lake Saraca,map 9 in Dick, 1977 = Furos de Saraca on oldmaps, about 50 km downstream of Itacoatiara),

Lake Aleixo (erroneously located in Dick’s 1977map 9) and Arary (map 11 in Dick, 1977, on RioItapicuru). Concerning the lake Aleixo, Dick(1977) states: “Thayer and Bourget were at LagoCudajas for ten days, 27 November to 6 December(Thayer also collected at Lago Aleixo), and Jameswent to Manacapuru for ten days.”Actually Jutahy, as well as Cudajas, are on theSolimões well upstream from Manaus, whereasArari, Serpa and Silves are on the Amazon welldownstream from Manaus, downstream from themouth of the Rio Madeira: Thayer alone couldthen have collected only near these localities(including Manaus). It was nevertheless impossibleto find a Lago Aleixo or Alexo, certainly of someimportance, on the old maps.We have thus to rely upon the original label(archives of the MCZ) which states: station Thayer#073, “Rio Negro near Lago Alexo”, E of ManausLat. 03°05’S, Long. 59°53’ W, (corroborated byHiguchi 1992). Actually the co-ordinates “3°05’/59°53’” are those from a spot just east of the RioNegro (remember that Manaus is exactly on the60th meridian), i.e. where the Amazon starts: themention “Rio Negro near Lago Alexo” would thensignify a beach opposite the mouth of the Solimõesat the meeting of the waters, now at the limit of theextension of Manaus (now extremely populated,about four million inhabitants) towards the east.Alexo should then be only a few kilometres westfrom the type locality of Curimatopsis, the IgarapéJatuarana (Fig. 6b).However, the geographic distribution of the fewspecies collected in Lago Aleixo (see Annex II, 4),which range from the upper Rio Negro inVenezuela, to Rio Madeira and Rio Xingú, includ-ing the Lago Janauca close to Manaus, is a bitproblematic. For instance Moenkhausia grandis-quamis and Tetragonopterus argenteus have neverbeen found to date in the lower waters of the RioNegro (but have in its upper course), although theyare often sympatric in the Amazon Basin(Tetragonopterus chalceus being vicariant inGuyana). This distribution, together with the sim-ilarities of the fauna with that of the Lago do Cas-tanha, Janauary, José Fernandez etc., indicate thatthe water of Lake Aleixo is more like that of theAmazon than that of the lower Rio Negro.Curupira could be located. According to the map(fig. 9 in Dick 1977), Curupira is a lake on theParaná Urariá that empties into the Amazon(under the name Paraná do Ramos) at Parintins

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 118

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

(delimiting the south of the Ilha Tupinambarana),and is also connected with the Rio Madeira. This isone of the most complex regions of the centralbasin, where place names have constantly changed.The lake appears on modern detailed maps at58°30’W and 03°45’S, whereas Higuchi (1992)gives 58°33’W and 03°46’S (not very different).Altogether very few specimens were gathered there.“Lago José Fernandez” cannot be preciselylocated. It was probably named after an inhabitantof its border, and the name is now lost. Thearchives of the MCZ contain no localities nor co-ordinates, and mention only: “presumably nearManaus”, which is accepted by Higuchi (1992).In an attempt to solve these hypotheses and otherdilemma, a numerical method was used: twenty-eight coefficients of similarity (formula = 2xC[common species]/A+B [sum of the species of thetwo samples]) were calculated. They concern theeight most critical stations and only the few speciesrecorded in the literature (Annex II). As several col-lectors spent only a brief period of time at each sta-tion, the method has drawbacks: the similarity canreflect that of the collectors rather than that of thefauna, and the incomplete sampling may introducea bias: for example E. Honda spent a year samplingthe Lago do Castanha when he collected about 70characiform species (unpublished), whereas in asimilar biotope, but in only 10 days, members ofthe Thayer Expedition collected less than half ofthis number (taking into account the specimensnot yet completely studied). Despite this bias,which renders the attempted dendogram (Fig. 7)provisional, some inferences could be made. Thecoefficients range from 0.07 (most differentcharaciform fauna) to 0.45 (closest fauna), with anaverage of 0.24. Two clusters can be found, eachbased on a pair of localities with similar fauna:Aleixo and Jutahy, with Janauary, Cudajás andputatively Jatuarana; Serpa and Silves, with JoséFernandez. The most divergent faunas are that ofAleixo cf. Silves and Jatuarana cf. Serpa.Concerning those stations that were wronglylocated or have still not been located, the calcu-lated dendogram is not of much use. Jatuarana’sfauna is rather distinct, being only quite similar tothat of Aleixo (0.31) and very different from thatof Serpa (0.07), Cudajás (0.13) and Silves (0.16).Despite the putative geographical proximity, itbelongs hypothetically to a different faunal group,possibly for ecological reasons in this area of con-fluence of two types of waters.

Despite some inconsistencies, the localities of theThayer expedition are now somewhat betterknown, with the exception of those of the materialtransmitted by Major Coutinho and said to havebeen collected by Dr. Justa, which are withoutlabels. They might have been collected near Man-aus (as suggested by Eigenmann (1917), eventhough Dr. Justa did collect in Rio Paraiba doNorte.To sum up, the type localities of at least sevencharaciform species that were incorrectly locatedare corrected as follows:Jatuarana = Igarapé Jatuarana on the left bank ofRio Amazonas, about 40 km by air east-north-eastof the port of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil,59°40’W and 03°04’S (the latitude given in thearchives of the MCZ indicate that the bank of theIlha do Careiro faces the igarapé). The ecology ofC. microlepis agrees with the collection details, inthat the igarapé, very close to its mouth into thelago, represents the usual biotope of the species.Lago Hyanuary = Parana do Janauari, on the leftbank of Rio Solimões, about 10 km by air south ofthe port of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 60°15’Wand 03°13’S.“Lago Alexo” (now spelled Aleixo) = small igarapéinto the Amazon near the mouth of the Rio NegroE of Manaus, 59°53’ W and 03°05’S. According tothe co-ordinates given in the archives of the MCZ,it lies about 25 km by air west of Jatuarana, justdownstream from the Encontro Das Águas anddefinitely belonging to the basin of the Amazon(even if the label of the MCZ says “Rio Negro”). Itis now within the limits of the city of Manaus.It is likely that the unknown locality, the “Lake”José Fernandez, is located in the same regionaround Manaus.Tonnantins (now Tonantins, a village on themouth of the Rio Tonantins), where Dr. Jobert col-lected more than 50 characiformes species includ-ing the second known specimen of Curimatopsismicrolepis, is about 50 km downstream from themouth of the Rio Içá and not about 100 kmupstream as shown on the map (fig. 14) in Vari(1982).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSHeiko Bleher and Natasha Khardina provided thebiological material and prepared the illustrations,Axel Zarske procured the rare Kiepert map andprepared the electronic version of the Higuchi(1992) document, Heraldo Britski, Claude Weber

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007119

Jacques Géry

and Flávio C. T. Lima corrected some geographicaldata. They also improved the manuscript greatlyand are warmly thanked for their help.

REFERENCESBÖHKE, J. 1954. Studies on Fishes of the Family Characi-dae. N° 6. A Synopsis of the Iguanodectinae. Annals andMagazine of Natural History, London, Ser. 12, 7: 97-104.BORODIN, N. A., 1929. Notes on some Species and Sub-species of the genus Leporinus Spix. Memoirs of theMuseum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 50(3): 269-290, pls.1-17.DICK, M. M. 1977. Stations of the Thayer Expedition toBrazil.1865-1866. Brevoria, Museum of ComparativeZoology, Cambridge, Mass. 444: 1-37.EIGENMANN, C. H. 1908. Preliminary descriptions of newgenera and species of Tetragonopterid Characins. Bulletinof the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College52 (6): 91-106.EIGENMANN, C. H. 1912. The fresh-water fishes of BritishGuiana, including a study of the ecological grouping ofspecies and the relation of the fauna of the plateau to thatof the lowlands. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, Pitts-burgh 5 (67): 1-578, pls.1-103.EIGENMANN, C. H. 1915. The Cheirodontinae, a subfamilyof minute Characid Fishes of South America. Memoirs ofthe Carnegie Museum 7 (1): 1-99, pls. I-XVII. Addendaand corrigenda Cheirodontinae, id. 7: 1919-1920, xix-xii.EIGENMANN, C. H. 1917. The American Characidae.Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har-vard College 43 (1): 1-102.EIGENMANN, C. H. 1918. The American Characidae.Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Har-vard College 43 (2): 103-208.EIGENMANN, C. H. & EIGENMANN, R. S. 1889a. Prelimi-nary descriptions of Characinidae. Preliminary descrip-tions of new species and genera of Characinidae. TheWestAmerican Scientist 6 (7-8): 7-8.EIGENMANN, C. H. & EIGENMANN, R. S. 1889b. A Revi-sion of the Edentulous Genera of Curimatinae. Annals ofthe New York Academy of Sciences 4: 409-440.FOWLER, H. W. 1948. Os peixes de agua doce do Brasil, 1aentraga. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de Sao Paulo 6:1-204.HIGUCHI, H. 1992. An updated list of ichthyologicalcollecting stations of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil.http://www.mcz.harvard.edu/Deparments/Fish/thayer.htmHIGUCHI, H., 1996. An updated list of ichthyological col-lecting stations of the Thayer Expedition to Brazil. Elec-tronic version (1996)http://www.oeb.harvard.edu//thayer.htm etc.KIEPERT, H. 1867. Zur Karte des Amazonenstromes.Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu Berlin, 2, 453-454, Tafel V.MENEZES, N. A. 1976. On the Cynopotaminae, a new

subfamily of Characidae (Osteichthyes, Ostariophysi,Characoidei). Arquivos de Zoologia, S. Paulo 28 (2): 1-91.PELLEGRIN, J. 1909. Characinidés du Brésil rapportés parM. Jobert. Bulletin du Muséum National d’HistoireNaturelle, 2e série, Paris 15: 147-152.STEINDACHNER, F. 1883. Beiträge zur Kenntnis derFlussfische Südamerika’s. (IV). Denkschriften der kaiser-lichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathema-tisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse 46: 1-43, pls. i-vii(Char.: 11-16, 25-26, 32-41).VARI, R. P. 1982. Systematics of the Neotropical Chara-coid Genus Curimatopsis (Pisces: Characoidei). Smithson-ian Contributions to Zoology 373: 28 pp.

Annex IAncient toponyms (place names) with their modernaccepted versionsBARRA do RIO NEGRO or FORTE do RIO NEGRO =Manaus (Manaos)BASTOS = a farm on the Rio Alegré, tributary of alto RioGuaporéBRAGANCA (Haseman) = Bragança near the Atlanticcoast east of the State of ParáCAICARA = upstream from TéféCARERO, also spelled CAREIRO = Ilha do CareiroCIPO (RIO): tributary of the Itapicuru, Eastern Brazil,possibly connected with Rio S. Francisco (see Howes,Bull. BM(NH), Zool. ser. 43(1): 39, 1982, concerningthe Coll. Ch. Cumberland). F. Lima (pers. comm.09.2005) corrected the name of Itapicuru into Rio dasVelhas (according to the locality mentioned by Låtken),which surely belongs to the São Francisco drainage.COARY = Coari (between Codajás and Téfé)CODAJÁS or CUDAJAS or ILHA CODAJAZ, Solimõesabout 100 km upstream from Rio Purus (= Casa de Silvade Solimões ? between Manacapuru and Coari)CUPAI (RIO) = not on recent and ancient maps. Accord-ing to Böhlke (1954), probably from the label of Piabucaspilura Günther (coll. Stevens): “branch of the Amazon,800 mi. from the sea, Pará, Brazil”. By air, 800 miles(1287 km) correspond to the distance between the seaand Manaus (State of Amazonas); thus, there is only onealternative: 1) the 800 miles were calculated by the routeof the boat, and concern the smallest mile, the statuteone (1.609 km). By the northern course, the state of Paráis passed at Rio Nhamundá (about 610 statute miles,about 980 km). Only the southern route (Belém-Breves-Pauxís-Gurupá etc.) is credible. The only toponym atthe far west of State of Pará that can be confused with“Cupai” is Lago Grande do Curuai, about 700 milesfrom the sea on the right bank, at the same longitude asÓbidos; 2) The other alternative, which is favoured here,is a labelling error, which might have been “80 mi. fromthe sea (at Belém)” and would explain the distance inmiles. Stevens collected mainly around Belém.CURUPIRA (visited by Coutinho, Thayer Expedition,before December 6, 1865) = not on ancient maps, shownon the USAF Operational Aeronautical Chart but not

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 120

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866

named, existing in the detailed modern maps as a smalllake on the southern part of the IlhaTupinambarana, emp-tying into the Paraná Urariá through the Rio Curupira,and a small Lago Maria Cupira a few km south, on theother side of the Paraná.There is also a Lago Curipira a fewkilometres from Oriximiná on Rio Trombetas on the leftside, State of Pará, near Óbidos, which was visited bymembers of the Thayer Expedition, but in January, 1866.EGA (EGAS or EDA) = TeféFONTEBOA (Thayer) = Fonte Boa, upstream frommouth of rio JuruáFORTE DO RIO NEGRO = see Barra do Rio NegroFORTE PAUXIS = see Pauxís = ÓbidosFORTE PRINCIPE = Forte Principe da Beira, on the RioGuaporéGURUPA (Thayer) = CurupáIÇÁ = Santo Antônio do Içá at the mouth of the Rio IçáIRISANGA = Oriçanga, near Rio Mogi-Guaçu (MENEZES,1976)ITACOTIARA = see Serpa; probably new name for SãoAntonio de MaraJAMUNDA = Rio Nhamundá, between states of Pará andAmazonasJANUACA, JANUARY = see lagoJATUARANA = Igarapé Jatuarana downstream from mouthof Rio Negro, left bank of Solimões, opposite Ilha doCareiroJUTAHY = Foz de Jutaí, Solimões between Tonantins andFonte BoaJUTICA = downstream from TéféLAGO ALEXO or ALEIXO (Thayer) = unknown (not onmaps); probably not far from Manaus (Fig. 6b)LAGO HYANUARY = lake and furo S of Manaus, emp-tying into SolimõesLAGO JANAUCA (and LAGO CASTANHA) = lagosemptying into the Solimões on the right (southern) sideabout at mid-distance between the longitudes of Man-acapuru and of ManausLAGO JOSE ASSU = Lago José Uaçu near the mouth ofRio Tupinambaranas, just east of Parintins, co-ordinates2°37 S and 56°38 W according to Böhlke (1954)LAGO JOSÉ FERNANDEZ or JOSÉ-FERNANDEZ(Thayer) = not on maps; collected by Major J. M. S.Coutinho Nov.-Dec. 1865, “presumably near Manaus”(Archives of the MCZH)LAGO MANACAPURU = name unchanged, left side ofAmazon between Vila Rica and mouth of Rio NegroLAGO MAXIMO = east of Villa Bella (Parintins); accord-ing to Böhlke (1954), connected with the Furo de Ramosnear Parintins; near the junction with Amazon – revisitedrecently by Heiko Bleher (2004)MACACOS (RIO): 1- near Rio de Janeiro (not connectingthe Rio Pará with the Amazon, as stated by Eigenmann)MACACOS (Rio dos): 2- also a tributary of Rio das Vel-has in Minas GeraisMACIEL = a farm on the Rio Barbados, tributary of altoRio GuaporéMAI JOANA (IGARAPÉ do) = close to the intersection of

the Rio Negro with the Rio Amazonas proper, emptyinginto the Rio Negro according to J. Böhlke (1954); notnear ManacapuruMANAOS = Manaus, formerly Forte do Rio Negro(1788) or Barra do Rio Negro, or BarraMATO GROSSO = Vila Bela, Villa Bella de MattoGrosso, today Vila Bela da Santissima TrinidadeMATURA (1788) = Porto do Moz, or Foz do Moz(Thayer), near the mouth of Rio Xingú = Porto de MozMAUHES = MauésMONTE ALEGRE (Thayer) = downstream from San-tarém, on the left Amazon River bankOBYDOS or OBIDOS = see Forte PauxísPARA = SANTA MARIA de BELEM = BelémPARU (1788) = AlmeirimPARINTINS = see Villa Bella da ImperatrixPAUXIS (FORTE PAUXIS 1788) = Óbidos on the lowerAmazon on Eigenmann’s map, actually just downstreamof the mouth of the Rio TrombetasPEDREIRA = downstream from mouth of Rio BrancoPORTO do MOZ = Porto de Moz, near the mouth of RioXingúRAMOS, rio (Thayer) = Boa Vista do Ramos, on the Pa.do RamosSAO PAULO (Thayer) = São Paulo de Olivença, SolimõesSAO ANTONIO de MARA: see SerpaSERPA = Itacoatiara, downstream from mouth of RioMadeira, on the left side of the Amazon riverSILVA = Silves, NE ItacoatiaraSANTAREM = see Tapajós (1788)TAJAPURU or TAJUPURU (Thayer) = Caruma ? nearGurupá = CurupáTAPAJOS (1788) = SantarémTEFFE = TeféTONNANTINS (also TONNINTINS) = Tonantins,between Foz de Jutaí and Santo Antônio do IçáVILLA BELLA da IMPERATRIX (Amazon) = on a 1867map, situated downstream from the Ilhas Pacoval and dasOnças, upstream (and on the opposite side) from mouthof Rio Nhamundá; now Parintins

Annex II (1)Characiformes species sympatric with C. microlepis inthe locus typicus, Jatuarana (in the literature):Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1859)Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1883)Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin, 1918Leptobrycon jatuaranae Eigenmann, 1915Aphyocharax agassizi (Steindachner, 1883)Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 1864)Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)Leporinus fasciatus altipinnis Borodin, 1929Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Humboldt &Valenciennes, 1833)Cyphocharax spilurus (Günther, 1864)Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829)Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1859)

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007121

Jacques Géry

Annex II (2)Characiform species sympatric with C. microlepis in Ton-nantins (now Tonantins, between Foz de Jutaí and SantoAntônio do Içá), after Pellegrin 1909 (not checked):Tetragonopterinae spilurus Valenciennes, 1849Tetragonopterinus gibbicervix Pellegrin, 1909(or Ctenobrycon spilurus (Valenciennes, 1849))Tetragonopterinus chalceus (Agassiz, 1829)Bryconops melanurus (Bloch, 1794)Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1812)Charax gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758)Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, 1844)Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1883)Aphyocharax alburnus (Günther, 1869)Aphyocharax agassizi (Steindachner, 1883)Lutkenia insignis Steindachner, 1876Roeboides affinis Günther, 1868Cynopotamus limaesquamis (Cope, 1878)(= amazonus (Günther, 1868) ?)Cynopotamus kneri (Steindachner,1878)Acestrorhynchus falcirostris (Cuvier, 1819)Boulengerella maculata (Valenciennes, 1849)Cynodon gibbus Spix, 1829Myletes macropomus Cuvier, 1818 (= Myletes nigripinnisCope, 1878, a synonym)Pygocentrus nattereri (Kner, 1860)Brycon stubelii Steindachner, 1883Iguanodectes spilurus (Günther, 1864)Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)Pyrrhulina semifasciata Steindachner, 1875Copeina guttata (Steindachner, 1875)Nannostomus unifasciatus Steindachner, 1876Rhytiodus microlepis Kner, 1859Leporinus friderici (Bloch, 1794)Leporinus bahiensis Steindachner, 1875 (?)Leporinus hypselonotus Günther, 1868Anostomus vittatus Valenciennes, 1849Anostomus trimaculatus Kner, 1859Anostomus fasciatus Agassiz, 1829Anostomus taeniatus Kner, 1859Memiodus gracilis Günther, 1864Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, 1859Hemiodus longiceps Kner, 1859Anodus elongatus Spix, 1829Caenotropus labyrinthicus (Kner, 1859)Chilodus punctatus Müller & Troschel, 1844Psectrogaster ciliata (Müller & Troschel, 1844)Curimatella dorsalis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)

(under the name Curimatella alburna var. caudimaculataPellegrin, 1909)Curimatus bimaculatus Steindachner, 1876Curimatus plumbeus Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889Curimatus leuciscus Günther, 1868Curimatus vittatus Kner, 1859Curimatus cyprinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)Curimatus latior Spix, 1829Prochilodus ortonianus Cope, 1878Prochilodus amazonensis Fowler, 1906Prochilodus taeniurus (Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1833)

Annex II (3)Characiform species sympatric with C. microlepis in theLago Solitario and the Lago Aiapuá, Rio Purus region:Triportheus angulatus (Spix, 1829)Chalceus erythrurus (Cope, 1870) auct.Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope, 1870)Hyphessobrycon species, close to minimus Durbin, 1909Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864)Hemigrammus bellottii (Steindachner, 1882)Hemigrammus levis Eigenmann, 1908Poptella compressa (Günther, 1864)Acestrorhynchus minimus Menezes, 1969Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818)Metynnis (Myleocollops) hypsauchen (Müllet & Troschel,1844)Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus, 1766))Crenuchus spilurus Günther, 1863Potamorhina pristigaster (Steindachner, 1876)

Annex II (4)Characiform species from the “Lago do Aleixo”Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier, 1816Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Müller & Troschel, 1844)Astyanax paucidens (Ulrey, 1894)Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794)Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)Pyrrhulina brevis Steindachner, 1875Psectrogaster amazonica Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889(lectotype)Cyphocharax spiluropsis (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)(cited as spilurus)Cyphocharax leucostictus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889)(paralectotype)Psectrogaster rutiloides (Kner, 1859) (cotype of isognatus)Potamorhina latior (Spix, 1829).

aqua vol. 12 no. 3 - 10 July 2007 122

Rediscovery of Curimatopsis microlepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889, with a note on some Amazonian localities of the Thayer Expedition 1865-1866