REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009 Redes Inalámbricas – Tema...
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Transcript of REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009 Redes Inalámbricas – Tema...
REDES INALÁMBRICAS Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009
Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.DWiMax and other technologies
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2 IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups
802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1
802.3 Ethernet Working Group 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working
Group 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG 802.19 Coexistence TAG 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working
Group 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks
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IEEE Standards
IEEE 802.22
RAN
“Regional Area Network”
40 km
54 - 862 MHz
25 μsec
18 MbpsBW= 6,7,8 MHz
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IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN
IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative work
802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed Bands
802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital Imaging
802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3
802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation needs ZigBee
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IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview
802.16: the original standard, published in April 2002 defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications.
The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex (TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service) bands. The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS).
802.16a: a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to
11GHz spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands). the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single
carrier, OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats, which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.
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IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (2)
802.16c: profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16 (10-66GHz)
implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have concluded sponsor ballot.
802.16REVd: full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS
range (2-66 GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations
802.16e: a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile
clients) Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004
For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html
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WiMAX Forum
The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the “The WiMAX Forum”. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products.
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access It is a non-profit organization It was formed in 2003 It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel,
Motorola, SBC, Siemens, and so forth.. Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and
certifying interoperability of products and technologies.
WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi is for 802.11
Certified™ Interoperability
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WiMAX Applications (1)
Extending existing services in... White zone DSL areas Rural and Sub-urban areas
Urban areas (city coverage) Hot Spots
Introducing basic services in ... developing countries (new service)
wireless telephony IP services
List of Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA) / WiMAX Service Providers http://www.bwiaserviceproviders.co
m/ Spain:
http://www.iberbanda.es/ http://www.clearwire.es/ http://www.neo-sky.com/
solving economical, technical and political issues in low density areas (‘digital divide‘)
nomadic / portable broadband services
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WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility
Nomadicity within WiMAX system Covered by 802.16REVd Non Real Time Service Continuity offered
Mobility within WiMAX system 802.16e (not yet fixed) Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility
Mobility in heterogeneous systems Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility 802.21 handoff group:
developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks
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10 Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America
Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene los datos de viento.
El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor opción para una regata óptima.
Problemas: Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a
diario. Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando
alejados de la costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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Propuesta
Implantación de un sistema Wimax. Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s. Distancias de hasta 8 km. Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h. Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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Campo de Regatas
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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Materiales
La Antena Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque
en nuestro caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo en el puerto de Valencia.
Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los 120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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Materiales (2)
La Estación Base Codificación y Decodificación de la señal. Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes
por otro. En nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por ONO.
Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax.
Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.
No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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Materiales (3)
Terminales Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los
puestos de trabajo. Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax. Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base. Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de
Wimax.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
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IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial
IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002(available on 802.16 web site)
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17 IEEE 802.20 MBWAan overview
MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002
To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess of 1 Mbps
Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless
voice and data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h (155miles/h).
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The vision of the IEEE 802.20
WorkDomain
HomeDomain
SeamlessSeamlessUbiquitousUbiquitousExperienceExperience
MobileDomain
Portable Remote Access Services
Field Service Apps
Hotel/Motel
Portable ServicesMobile Commerce
Services
Mobile Office (Voice and Data Apps)
High BW Connectivity
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
PortableOffice
Reservations-Listings Directions Services
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
Video Streaming -Conferencing Apps
Mobile BroadbandWireless Access
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IEEE 802.21
802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same type as well as handover between different network types also called Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS, WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover mechanisms.
Some of the expectations Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks. Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing. Apply to both wired and wireless networks. Allow for use by multiple vendors and users. Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined
in the standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will be supported by the protocol
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Handover Detection & Handover Initiation
Handover Preparation
Handover Execution
Network Discovery
Network Selection
Service Discovery
• Network Activation Triggers• Information Discovery (Neighbor Graphs, Available Services)• User/Operator Policies
Layer 2 Connectivity
IP Connectivity
• Probes/Beacons, Authentication, Association, 4-way Handshake
• DHCP, Duplicate Address Detection
Packet Reception
• Binding Update • Context Transfer
802.21 helps with Handover Initiation and Preparation,Handover Execution is outside scope of 802.21
Steps in (Multi-Radio) Heterogeneous Handovers
Scope of 802.21
Genesis for 802.21
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802.21: Media Independent Handovers
Value Proposition Maintain connectivity Lower power Anytime, Always, Best
connected Optimize Handovers
(WiFi<>WiMax<>Cellular) Network Discovery & Selection Session and Service continuity Device <> Network co-
operation Key work items
Link layer triggers Information Service Handover Commands MIH Function
802.21 MIH Function
Protocol and Device Hardware
APPLICATIONSVoIP/RTP
Connection Management
WLAN Cellular WMAN
L2 Triggers and Events
Information Service
Mobility Management Protocols
Smart Triggers Information Service
Power Management
Fast Handoff
Handover Policy
Handover Messages IE
EE
80
2.2
1IE
TF
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IEEE 802.22
Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) 802.22 is to define:
MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control PHY: Physical Layer specifications Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands
“This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-to-multipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”
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23 IEEE 802.22 – Planned Cognition
Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN) Aimed at bringing broadband
access in rural and remote areas Takes advantage of better
propagation characteristics at VHF and low-UHF
Takes advantage of unused TV channels that exist in these sparsely populated areas (Opportunistic spectrum usage)
802.22 specifications TDD OFDMA PHY DFS, sectorization, TPC Policies and procedures for
operation in the VHF/UHF TV Bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz
Target spectral efficiency: 3 bps/Hz Point-to-multipoint system 100 km coverage radius
Devices Base Station (BS) Customer Premise Equipment
(CPE) Master/Slave relation
BS is master CPE slave
Max Transmit CPE 4W
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802.22: Cognitive Aspects
Observation Aided by distributed sensing (subscriber units return data to base) Digital TV: -116 dBm over a 6 MHz channel Analog TV: -94 dBm at the peak of the NTSC (National Television System
Committee) picture carrier Wireless microphone: -107 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth. Possibly aided by spectrum usage tables
Orientation Infer type of signals that are present
Decision Frequencies, modulations, power levels, antenna choice (omni and
directional)
Policies 4 W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) Spectral masks, channel vacation times
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Mobile Broadband Technologies are Emerging
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Mobile Broadband Evolution
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 or later
LTE
DL: ~384KbpsUL: ~384Kbps
DL: ~14.4MbpsUL: ~5.76Mbps
DL: ~42MbpsUL: ~11Mbps
DL: ~141MbpsUL: ~50Mbps
HSPA+~100 ms~100 ms
~70 ms~70 ms
~45 ms~45 ms
~15ms~15ms3G-WCDMA
HSPA
Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency