Redbay Monitoring on Cumberland Island National …conference.ifas.ufl.edu/laurelwilt/documents/1540...
Transcript of Redbay Monitoring on Cumberland Island National …conference.ifas.ufl.edu/laurelwilt/documents/1540...
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Redbay Monitoring on
Cumberland Island National
Seashore (CINS)
Conference on Laurel Wilt Disease and Natural Ecosystems
June 18, 2015
Presented by: Paul Merten
USDA FS Forest Health Protection
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Background History
• Staff from Cumberland Island National Seashore (CINS) contacted USDA FS Forest Health Protection (FHP) in early October 2006 about dying redbay trees.
• A preliminary survey of declining redbay conducted during the week of October 23, 2006 by FHP staff found that Xyleborus glabratus and a Raffaelea species were present and killing trees on the island.
• The extent of the infestation was identified and mapped using a transect survey on a one-half mile grid.
• At that time, most of the symptomatic trees were located at the southern half of the island.
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Redbay Monitoring Plots
• Twenty plot center points were
randomly selected
• Up to 10 redbay trees greater
than 1 inch DBH within 75 feet
from a monument center were
selected for monitor trees.
• Each tree crown was assessed
for crown density using
FIA/FHM protocols +-10%
intervals.
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Redbay Monitoring Plots
• A total of 173 stems were monitored
• Trees initially selected were free of laurel wilt
symptoms (crown density rating of zero).
• Stems ranged from 1.0 inches DBH to 10.0
inches DBH (average 4.1)
• Stems ranged from 8 to 45 feet in height
(average 21.6)
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Percent Crown Decline Over Time
by One Inch Diameter Class
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Perc
en
t D
ecli
ne
Monitor Date
one inch classtwo inch classthree inch classfour inch classfive inch classsix inch classseven inch classnine inch classten inch class
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Percent Original Crown Decline
Over Time
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Per
cen
t M
ort
ali
ty
Data Collection Period
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Decline plots today
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Most of the sprouts in
the fixed plots are
subjected to saw
palmetto Serenoa
repens shade
competition ranging
from moderate to
extreme
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The shade tolerance
of redbay has
enabled many of
the stems to
outgrow palmetto
competition
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Some stump
sprouts have been
able to grow back
into the forest
mid-story
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Some stump sprouts
have succumbed to
intense canopy
shading and/or
herbivore feeding
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Several sprouts have
been severely
impacted by deer
scent marking
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Status of Monitoring Plot Stems
(2015)
126, 73%
38, 22%
9, 5%
1
2
3
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Average Sprout Height in Feet
4.254.60
4.99
5.72
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
1/1/2012 1/1/2013 1/1/2014 1/1/2015
Hei
gh
t (f
t)
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Some other observations off of the
monitoring plots
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Heavy redbay sprouting found in
areas with little saw palmetto
competition. These images were
taken near Plum Orchard. Crown
fading indicates that Xyleborus
glabratus and a Raffaelea lauricola
are still present
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This dense thicket of redbay seed origin
reproduction is located near the Dungeness
boat dock. The largest stem found measures
3.3 inches DBH and 29 feet in height.
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A formerly high volume
seed producing tree found
along the beach inter-dunes
on the southern end of the
island. Note the ring of
seed origin stems around
where the tree drip line was
once located.
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Seed producing trees located along the sunny inter-dune region of the island.
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Acknowledgements
Thanks to all of the folks that have in some way been part of this monitoring project. A special thanks to the great staff at CINS as they have provided technical/logistical/operational/moral support way above and beyond the call of duty:
Doug Hoffman
John Fry
Wayne Lagasse
Plot monitoring assistance was also provided by the following USFS FHP staff:
Bill Jones
Jill Baker
Richard Spriggs