Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash for fired clay bricks · Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash...
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Dried 48 h at 110 ºC 3ºC/min 950 ºC (4h) Fired bricks C C-10OPBA C-20OPBA C-30OPBA C-40OPBA C-50OPBA 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 20 Thermal conductivity (W/mK) OPBA waste content (wt %) D. Eliche-Quesada (1) (1) Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering. Higher Polytechnic School of Jaen. University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain Tef.: +34953211861 ; Fax: +34953212141; e-mail: [email protected] Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash for fired clay bricks Introduction Characterization and possible use of olive pomace bottom ash, focussed in the determination, by means of laboratory scale tests, of the technological properties of raw materials in the preparation of clay bricks optimizing the quantity of residue to added, checking the physical, mechanical y thermal properties of the new materials, compared with those obtained using only clay (control bricks). Samples Preparation Results and discussion Bulk density and water absorption References [1] Nogales R, Melgar R, Benitez E. Potential use of olive waste ash from cogeneration plantas as soil amendment. J Environ Sci Health B 2006; 41: 1405-15. [2] Bouzi d J, Elouear Z, Ksibi M, Feki M, Montiel A. A study on removal characteristics of copper from aqueous solution by sewage sludge and pomace ashes. J of Hazard Mater 2008; 152: 838-45. [3] Cruz-Yusta M, Mármol I, Morales J, Sánchez L. Use of olive biomass fly ash in the preparation of environmentally friendly mortars. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45: 6991-6. [4] Fernández-Pereira C, de la Casa JA, Gómez-Barea A, Arroyo F, Leiva C, Luna Y. Application of biomass gasification fly ash for brick manufacturing. Fuel 2011; 90: 220-32. Objetives The maximum amount of OPBA to be added is limited to 20 wt %, higher proportions of waste (30-50 wt %) resulted in bricks with very high water absorption and low compressive strength that do not fall are at the limit The optimum amount of OPBA was 10 wt % since confirm a good balance between the effect provided by the melting capacity of waste and the role of OPBA as pore forming agent. The waste-clay bricks presented optimal technological properties that meet more than the brick quality standards. Arcilla < 150 m 0-50% olive pomace bottom ash (OPBA) Homogenization FRX The common disposal of biomass ash is landfill in sites next to the power plants, but this alternative is the least attractive in the environmental management. Dry olive pomace ash are being mainly used as fertilizer due to its high content in potassium. Other studies describes potential used of olive pomace ash as soil amendment [1], as adsorbent to remove copper (Cu 2+ ) ions from aqueous solutions [2], as raw materials for cement based products [3], and building materials [4]. Biomass ash present a potential applicability in the construction sector, where the current scarcity of natural resources and regulatory requirements favour the search for new materials that include the possibilities of waste from industrial processes that are capable of the constructive technical needs within a framework of sustainable. Oxide Content (%) SiO 2 Al 2 O 3 Fe 2 O 3 CaO MgO MnO Na 2 O K 2 O TiO 2 P 2 O 5 SO 3 NiO ZrO 2 LOI Clay 47.1 12.5 6.5 13.5 2.1 0.05 0.30 3.6 0.8 0.14 1.6 0.01 0.04 10.6 OPBA 10.88 1.68 1.38 13.07 1.92 0.03 0.13 38.01 0.13 3.67 1.40 0.008 0.007 25.5 Conclusions The mineralogical characterization of the olive pomace bottom ash showed the presence of an alkaline carbonate kalicinite (KHCO 3 ), a potassium sulphate (K 8 (SO 4 ) 4 ) , a calcium chlorosilica mineral containing magnesium, rondorfite (Ca 8 Mg(SiO 4 ) 4 Cl 2 ), a potassium aluminosilicato (K 1.25 Al 1.25 Si 0.75 O 4 ), a potassium calcium hydrophosphate (K 3 CaH(PO 4 ) 2 ) and an iron phosphate (Fe 1 O 4 P 1 ) Results of water absorption ranged in (16.3-31.0 %) for bricks with 0 wt % and 50 wt % of OPBA respectively. The incorporation of more than 20 wt % of OPBA resulted in bricks with very high water absorption values that do not fall within the standard of the conventional bricks. Bottom ash is a water absorbent material that increased the water absorption capacity of hardened matrix when recycling in it The bulk density of the fired brick decreased with an increase in the proportion of residue, decreasing this value between a 6.9 % when it is added by 10 wt % of waste until a 27.3 % with the addition of 50 wt % of olive pomace bottom ash. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 0 10 20 30 40 50 Water absorption (%) Bulk density (Kg/m 3 ) OPBA waste content (wt%) -3,5 -3 -2,5 -2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 T (ºC) Weight loss ( mg) Temperature (ºC) Endothermic associated to elimination of the hydration water Exothermic associated to combustion of organic matter and remaining unburnt matter Endothermic peaks due to the elimination of structural water from the hydroxide and from decarbonation reactions. ATG-ATD Compressive strength The compressive strength decreases as waste content increases and increases open porosity, being more pronounced the effect with additions exceeding 10 wt% of OPBA 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1 2 3 4 5 6 Compressive stength (MPa) OPBA waste content (wt %) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Thermal conductivity The thermal conductivity of the clay was 0.99 W / mK and decreases with the addition of the waste. 0 10 20 C-10OPBA C-50OPBA C SEM 10m 3m 30m Cenospheres :some tiny sphere The addition of low amount of OPBA (10 wt %) changed in small proportion clay microstructure High amounts of OPBA, produced formation of lots of open porosity, as well as, larger macropores and small particles that become isolated and nearly spherical, * KHCO 3 + K 3 CaH(PO 4 ) 2 K 8 (SO 4 ) 4 Ca 8 Mg(SiO 4 ) 4 Cl 2 K 1.25 Al 1.25 Si 0.75 O 4 ◊ K 3 CaH(PO 4 ) 2 Fe 1 O 4 P 1 Acknowledgments This work has been funded by the Project “Valorización de distintos tipos de cenizas para la obtención de nuevos materiales cerámicos sostenibles” (UJA2014/06/13), Own Plan University of Jaen, sponsored by Caja Rural of Jaen. The major oxides (> 10 wt%) present in decreasing order of abundance are K 2 O and CaO. The high content of K 2 O is because it is a major component of the pomace used as fuel. The oxides SiO 2 , P 2 O 5 , Fe 2 O 3 , MgO and Al 2 O 3 ordered similarly are in the proportion of 1-10 wt%, whereas Na 2 O is the minor oxide (0.1-1 wt %). 10 Tm
Transcript of Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash for fired clay bricks · Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash...
Dried 48 h at 110 ºC
3ºC/min
950 ºC (4h)
Fired bricks
C
C-1
0O
PB
A
C-2
0O
PB
A
C-3
0O
PB
A
C-4
0O
PB
A
C-5
0O
PB
A
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1
1,2
20
Th
erm
al
con
du
ctiv
ity
(W
/mK
)
OPBA waste content (wt %)
D. Eliche-Quesada (1)
(1) Department of Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering. Higher Polytechnic School of Jaen. University of Jaen, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaen, Spain
Tef.: +34953211861 ; Fax: +34953212141;
e-mail: [email protected]
Recycling of olive pomace bottom ash for fired clay bricks
Introduction Characterization and possible use of olive pomace bottom ash,
focussed in the determination, by means of laboratory scale tests, of the technological properties of raw materials in the preparation of clay bricks optimizing the quantity of residue to added, checking the physical, mechanical y thermal properties of the new materials, compared with those obtained using only clay (control bricks).
Samples Preparation
Results and discussion
Bulk density and water absorption
References [1] Nogales R, Melgar R, Benitez E. Potential use of olive waste ash from cogeneration plantas as soil amendment. J Environ Sci Health B 2006; 41: 1405-15. [2] Bouzi d J, Elouear Z, Ksibi M, Feki M, Montiel A. A study on removal characteristics of copper from aqueous solution by sewage sludge and pomace ashes. J of Hazard Mater 2008; 152: 838-45. [3] Cruz-Yusta M, Mármol I, Morales J, Sánchez L. Use of olive biomass fly ash in the preparation of environmentally friendly mortars. Environ Sci Technol 2011, 45: 6991-6. [4] Fernández-Pereira C, de la Casa JA, Gómez-Barea A, Arroyo F, Leiva C, Luna Y. Application of biomass gasification fly ash for brick manufacturing. Fuel 2011; 90: 220-32.
Objetives
The maximum amount of OPBA to be added is limited to 20 wt %, higher proportions of waste (30-50 wt %) resulted in bricks with very high water absorption and low compressive strength that do not fall are at the limit
The optimum amount of OPBA was 10 wt % since confirm a good balance between the effect provided by the melting capacity of waste and the role of OPBA as pore forming agent. The waste-clay bricks presented optimal technological properties that meet more than the brick quality standards.
Arcilla
< 150 m
0-50% olive pomace bottom ash (OPBA)
Homogenization
FRX
The common disposal of biomass ash is landfill in sites next to the power plants, but this alternative is the least attractive in the environmental management.
Dry olive pomace ash are being mainly used as fertilizer due to its high content in potassium. Other studies describes potential used of olive pomace ash as soil amendment [1], as adsorbent to remove copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous solutions [2], as raw materials for cement based products [3], and building materials [4].
Biomass ash present a potential applicability in the construction sector, where the current scarcity of natural resources and regulatory requirements favour the search for new materials that include the possibilities of waste from industrial processes that are capable of the constructive technical needs within a framework of sustainable.
Oxide
Content
(%)
SiO2
Al2O3
Fe2O3
CaO
MgO
MnO
Na2O
K2O
TiO2
P2O5
SO3
NiO
ZrO2
LOI
Clay 47.1 12.5 6.5 13.5 2.1 0.05 0.30 3.6 0.8 0.14 1.6 0.01 0.04 10.6
OPBA 10.88 1.68 1.38 13.07 1.92 0.03 0.13 38.01 0.13 3.67 1.40 0.008 0.007 25.5
Conclusions
The mineralogical characterization of the olive pomace bottom ash showed the presence of an alkaline carbonate
kalicinite (KHCO3), a potassium sulphate (K8(SO4)4), a calcium chlorosilica mineral containing magnesium,
rondorfite (Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2), a potassium aluminosilicato (K1.25Al1.25Si0.75O4), a potassium calcium hydrophosphate
(K3CaH(PO4)2) and an iron phosphate (Fe1O4P1)
Results of water absorption ranged in (16.3-31.0 %) for bricks with 0 wt % and 50 wt % of OPBA respectively. The incorporation of more than 20 wt % of OPBA resulted in bricks with very high water absorption values that do not fall within the standard of the conventional bricks. Bottom ash is a water absorbent material that increased the water absorption capacity of hardened matrix when recycling in it
The bulk density of the fired brick decreased with an increase in the proportion of residue, decreasing this value between a 6.9 % when it is added by 10 wt % of waste until a 27.3 % with the addition of 50 wt % of olive pomace bottom ash.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50
Wate
r ab
sorp
tion
(%
)
Bu
lk d
en
sity
(K
g/m
3)
OPBA waste content (wt%)
-3,5
-3
-2,5
-2
-1,5
-1
-0,5
0
0,5
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950
T
(ºC
)
We
igh
t l
oss
( m
g)
Temperature (ºC)
Endothermic associated to
elimination of the hydration water
Exothermic associated to combustion of organic matter and remaining
unburnt matter
Endothermic peaks due to the elimination of
structural water from the hydroxide and from
decarbonation reactions.
ATG-ATD
Compressive strength
The compressive strength decreases as waste content increases and increases open porosity, being more pronounced the effect with additions exceeding 10 wt% of OPBA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 2 3 4 5 6
Co
mp
ress
ive
ste
ng
th (
MP
a)
OPBA waste content (wt %) 0 10 20 30 40 50
Thermal conductivity
The thermal conductivity of the clay was 0.99 W / mK and decreases with the addition of the waste.
0 10 20
C-10OPBA
C-50OPBA
C
SEM
10m
3m
30m
Cenospheres :some tiny sphere
The addition of low amount of OPBA (10 wt %) changed
in small proportion clay microstructure
High amounts of OPBA, produced formation of lots of open porosity, as well as, larger macropores and small particles that become isolated and nearly spherical,
* KHCO3 + K3CaH(PO4)2 K8(SO4)4 Ca8Mg(SiO4)4Cl2 K1.25Al1.25Si0.75O4 ◊ K3CaH(PO4)2 Fe1O4P1
Acknowledgments
This work has been funded by the Project “Valorización de distintos tipos de cenizas para la obtención de nuevos materiales cerámicos sostenibles” (UJA2014/06/13), Own Plan University of Jaen, sponsored by Caja Rural of Jaen.
The major oxides (> 10 wt%) present in decreasing order of abundance are K2O and CaO. The high content of K2O is because it is a major component of the pomace used as fuel. The oxides SiO2, P2O5, Fe2O3, MgO and Al2O3 ordered similarly are in the proportion of 1-10 wt%, whereas Na2O is the minor oxide (0.1-1 wt %).
10 Tm
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