1.Recycling & Proper Waste Management of PLASTICS Making Business work for the Environment philippine plastics industry association 122 A. del mundo st. (W) grace park, caloocan city 330-4423 to 24

2. All plastics are derived from distilling crude oil from the ground or gas extraction Feedstock for petrochemicals 2.4% - 4% for all types of plastics, packaging is only a small part of this figure OIL REFINERIES The Philippine Plastics Industry NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant 3. NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker OIL REFINERIES Converts MONOMERS or FEEDSTOCK to POLYMERS - Both are highly capital intensive industries amounting to US$ 1.0 B MIDSTREAM Resin Manufacturers The Philippine Plastics Industry Assn of Petrochemical Mfrs. of the Phils. UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant POLYMER PLANT 4. NAPHTHA CRACKER or Gas Cracker OIL REFINERIES POLYMER PLANT MIDSTREAM Resin Manufacturers PACKAGING TRANSPORT ELECTRICAL &ELECTRONICS FIBER&TEXTILES HOUSEWARE CONSTRUCTION PLASTIC PROCESSORS DOWNSTREAM Plastic Manufacturers The Philippine Plastics Industry Assn of Petrochemical Mfrs. of the Phils. Philippine Plastics Industry Assn. MEDICAL RECYCLING UPSTREAM Gas/Naphtha Cracker Plant 5.

LABOR INTENSIVE- Over 500,000 indirect labor and indirect workers

SMALL & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

Transforms plastic resins into various plastic products for consumer and industrial use

Strategic industry-key input sector for all other industries & key client to allied industries

Industry Profile 6. RP Plastics Industry Profile Sources: National Statistics Office Sources: National Statistics Office 7. Plastics Industry Profile Sources: National Statistics Office 8. PLASTIC Recycling in the Philippines 9. R E S I NI D E N T I F I C A T I O NC O D E S Bottles, plastic lumber applications. Three and five gallon reusable water bottles, some citrus juice and catsup bottles. Dependent on resin or combination of resins Other . Use of this code indicates that the package in question is made with a resin other than the six listed above, or is made of more than one resin listed above, and used in a multi-layer combination.Thermometers, light switch plates, thermal insulation, egg cartons, vents, desk trays, rulers, license plate frames, foam packing, foam plates, cups, utensils Compact disc jackets, food service applications, grocery store meat trays, egg cartons, aspirin bottles, cups, plates, cutlery. Versatility, insulation, clarity, easily formed Polystyrene(PS). Polystyrene is a versatile plastic that can be rigid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It has a relatively low melting point. Typical applications include protective packaging, containers, lids, cups, bottles and trays. Automobile battery cases, signal lights, battery cables, brooms, brushes, ice scrapers, oil funnels, bicycle racks, rakes, bins, pallets, sheeting, trays. Catsup bottles, yogurt containers and margarine tubs, medicine bottles Strength, toughness, resistance to heat, chemicals, grease and oil, versatile, barrier to moisture. Polypropylene(PP). Polypropylene has good chemical resistance, is strong, and has a high melting point making it good for hot-fill liquids. PP is found in flexible and rigid packaging to fibers and large molded parts for automotive and consumer products. Shipping envelopes, garbage can liners, floor tile, furniture, film and sheet, compost bins, paneling, trash cans, landscape timber, lumber Dry cleaning, bread and frozen food bags, squeezable bottles, e.g. honey, mustard. Ease of processing, strength, toughness, flexibility, ease of sealing, barrier to moisture.Low Density Polyethylene(LDPE).Used predominately in film applications due to its toughness, flexibility and relative transparency, making it popular for use in applications where heat sealing is necessary. LDPE is also used to manufacture some flexible lids and bottles and it is used in wire and cable applications Packaging, loose-leaf binders, decking, paneling, gutters, mud flaps, film and sheet, floor tiles and mats, resilient flooring, cassette trays, electrical boxes, cables, traffic cones, garden hose, mobile home skirting.Clear food and non-food packaging, medical tubing, wire and cable insulation, film and sheet, construction products such as pipes, fittings, siding, floor tiles, carpet backing and window frames.. Versatility, clarity, ease of blending, strength, toughness, resistance to grease, oil and chemicals. Vinyl(Polyvinyl Chloride or PVC): In addition to its stable physical properties, PVC has excellent chemical resistance, good weatherability, flow characteristics and stable electrical properties. The diverse slate of vinyl products can be broadly divided into rigid and flexible materials. Bottles and packaging sheet are major rigid markets, but it is also widely used in the construction market for such applications as pipes and fittings, siding, carpet backing and windows. Flexible vinyl is used in wire and cable insulation, film and sheet, floor coverings synthetic leather products, coatings, blood bags, medical tubing and many other applications. Liquid laundry detergent, shampoo, conditioner and motor oil bottles; pipe, buckets, crates, flower pots, garden edging, film and sheet, recycling bins, benches, dog houses, plastic lumber, floor tiles, picnic tables, fencing. Milk, water, juice, cosmetic, shampoo, dish and laundry detergent bottles; yogurt and margarine tubs; cereal box liners; grocery, trash and retail bags. Stiffness, strength, toughness, resistance to chemicals and moisture, permeability to gas, ease of processing, and ease of forming. High Density Polyethylene(HDPE). HDPE is used to make bottles for milk, juice, water and laundry products. Unpigmented bottles are translucent, have good barrier properties and stiffness, and are well suited to packaging products with a short shelf life such as milk. Because HDPE has good chemical resistance, it is used for packaging many household and industrial chemicals such as detergents and bleach. Pigmented HDPE bottles have better stress crack resistance than unpigmented HDPE bottles. Fiber, tote bags, clothing, film and sheet, food and beverage containers, carpet, strapping, fleece wear, luggage and bottles. Plastic soft drink, water, sports drink, beer, mouthwash, catsup and salad dressing bottles. Peanut butter, pickle, jelly and jam jars. Ovenable film and ovenable prepared food trays. Clarity, strength, toughness, barrier to gas and moisture, resistance to heat Polyethylene Terephthalate(PET, PETE). PET is clear, tough, and has good gas and moisture barrier properties. Commonly used in soft drink bottles and many injection molded consumer product containers. Other applications include strapping and both food and non-food containers. Cleaned, recycled PET flakes and pellets are in great demand for spinning fiber for carpet yarns, producing fiberfill and geo-textiles. Nickname: Polyester. Products Applications Recycled Packaging Properties Descriptions Codes 10. PET Polyethylene Terephthalateused for many bottles application because they are inexpensive, lightweight and shatter-resistant.(examples: Mineral/Drinking Water Bottles, cosmetic bottles) 11. PE/PP Rigids Polyethylene & Polypropylene Hard - used in rigid applications such as tables & chairs, PE pipes, bottles & closures, pallets, crates, drums and other hard plastics. 12. PE or PP Films and BagsPolyethylene & Polypropylene Flexibles products which are used in flexible applications such as bags, liners, and other single or mono-component soft plastics. 13. PVCPolyvinyl Chlorideused for pipes and fittings,Tarpulins, Medical apps., etc. 14. General Purpose GPPSuse d in general applications.PSPolystyrene Foam PS Foam Polystyreneused in food service packaging.Official name isStyrofoamis a trade name of DOW Chemical. EPS Expanded Polystyreneused as cushioning materials for fresh produce, electronic or appliance industries, etc. High Impact HIPSused for disposable cups, trays pitchers, Refrigerator liners, etc. 15. Other Plastic Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)Polyurethanes (PU)Polycarbonate (PC)Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) (Saran)Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (trade name Teflon)Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polycarbonate / ABS (PC/ABS)Multilayered Plastic (Laminates) Over 30,000 types 16. INDUSTRY INITIATIVES 17. Packaging Institute of the Philippines Polystyrene Packaging Council of the Philippines Flexible Manufacturers Assn of the Phils. Soap and Detergent Association the Phils. Ad hoc Flexible Group PNOC-Petrochemical Development Corp. Assn. of Petrochemical Manufacturers of the Phils. Philippine Plastics Industry Association PET Manufacturers Assn. of the Philippines PET RecyclingDevelopment Assn. Metro Plastic Recycling Association Inc. Industry Convergence to address Environmental Issues Multisectoral Committeeon theEnvironment 18. Working hand in hand to Establish Recycling Guidelines for Plasticsdeveloped by Japan Intl. Coop, Agency Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources Natl/ Solid Waste Mgmt. Commission Dept. of Science & Technology - ITDI SAGIP Environment 19. 20. PLASTIC RECYCLING 21. Bailed or Grinded for EXPORT SMYPG PET Recycling Plant B2B Technology 22. RECYCLING 23. RECYCLING 24. May nag re-recycleo nag re-resikulo ba ng mga Plastik Bags? 25. LDPEBags for sugar and rice PPBags for T-shirts, pants etc. Meron po! Segregation Facility Mapulang Lupa, Valenzuela City HDPEGrocery bags & sando bags HDPEGarbage bags 26.

INDUSTRY PROFILE

300 companies predominantly Small and Medium Enterprises

Total no. of employees 176,922 direct employees in 2006 (down from 244,000 in 2004)

Plastic Bag RECYCLING in the Philippines UndergoesMECHANICAL RECYCLING for Re-USE HDPE Grocery sando bagsHDPEGarbage bags LDPE Bags for sugar &rice PP Bags for T-shirts, pants etc. Bailed for Storage or Export 27. 30 kilos per bundle (paldo) for Export 28. Pilot Project on Mobile Plastic Collection and Recycling DENR NSWSMC DOST-ITDI Caloocan City Quezon City Metro Recyclers 29. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Launching at the Manufacturing Technology World Exhibit, World Trade Center, Sept. 26-29, 2007 30. QC Environmental Protection & Waste Management Dept. Brgy. Holy Spirit Brgy. Greater Fairview Brgy. Greater Lagro PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION MOA Signing with Pilot Barangays 31. Training on Recycling Guidelinesfor Plastics bags and Foam PS Japan Intl. Coop, Agency Dept. of Environment & Natural Resources Natl/ Solid Waste Mgmt. Commission Dept. of Science & Technology - ITDI SAGIP Environment 32. 33. 34. 35. Brgy. Greater Fairview, Quezon City 36. Brgy. Holy Spirit, Quezon City 37. Brgy. Greater Lagro, Quezon City 38. Brgy. New Era, Quezon City 39. Claret School of Quezon City (13 Nov) 40. Miriam College, Quezon City (11 Dec) 41. Brgy. 82-85 & 126-131 Clusters, Caloocan 42. Result of Dispatch & Collection Quezon City Caloocan City *from Oct 07 to mid-Jan 08 Brgy. 82-85 Cluster Brgy. 126 -131 Cluster Brgy. Greater Fairview Brgy. Greater Lagro Brgy. Holy Spirit Brgy. New Era Miriam College Claret School of Q.C. Date 1,557.8 Total Waste Diverted* Net Wt. (kg) LGU 497.3 1,055.5 43. Conclusion

Zero to 1.5 M.T. waste diversion of post-consumer plastic bags and Foam PS in the pilot areas.

Continued collection in Quezon City pilot areas

Expansion in Caloocan covering 188 barangays.Target of 50% by mid-2008.

Miriam College and Claret School of Quezon City are segregating plastic bags and Foam PS (Miriam only)

Education is a factor in the success of the project. Schools major contributors.

44. PELLETIZING SORTING PROCESSING Trash Bags, among others Mechanical Recycling for PLASTICS Above: RECYCLED or PELLETIZED PLASTIC 45. Recycled Plastics 46. Alternative Plastic Recycling Technologies

Melting Oven Technology

Waste Plastic in AsphaltRoads

Other Alternatives

47. The MeltingOven Developed by:Dept. of Science & Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute DOST-ITDI 48. Recycling Process Waste FPS/EPS, Plastic Bags Melting/DensificationDensified Products(functional, novelty) Size Reduction 49. Plastic Sando Bags Used Cooking Oil RAW MATERIALS 50. Shredding/ Grinding

plastic sando bags

(PE, PP, PVC)

( FPS, EPS) styropor/styrofoam

HDPE, PET bottles

trays and containers

Aluminum foil packs

( sachet, pouch)

PE, PP household

plastic wares

othercommodity

plastics

Can GRIND: 51. Weighing and Charging 52. Melting Process 53. Molten Plastic casting/pouring into the metal molders Molding/Forming Technique 54. Functional Products Table tops School chair Cat walk blocks 55. Waste Plastics inAsphalt Mix for Road Pavement DOST-ITDI Developed by:Dept. of Science & Technology, Industrial Technology Development Institute 56. Shredding of waste plastic bags 57. Asphalt Asphalt with waste plastic bags Blending/Mixing Shredded waste plasticbags 58. Mixing Asphalt with waste plastic bags Aggregates Asphalt concrete with waste plastic bags 59. 60. 61. RESULTS OBTAINED

Specific gravity increased with modified asphalt content

High stability at 6.0% modified asphaltcontent

Flow increased with modified asphalt content

Air voids decreased as modified asphalt content increases

62. Other Alternatives

Fuel for Cement Kiln

63. Other Alternatives

Hollow block and Cement Fillers

64. Other Alternatives

Laminated Zesto Bags for Export to Europe

65. Other Alternatives

Plastic Waste to Fuel

66. Other Alternatives

Plastic Waste to Energy

67. ISSUES & CONCERNS

Lack of Education & Discipline

Poor implementation of existing laws (e.g. anti-littering, segregation, MRF)

Political Will

Low valued recyclables

TO BAN or NOT TO BAN?

68. RecommendedRecyclingPractices:Plastics Recyclables Residuals ONLY Residuals X X Export Households RECYCLABLE Dealers Manufacturers Eco-Aides Materials Recovery Facility / Waste Market Recyclers Store/Outlet Garbage Truck Landfills Alternatives 69. PROPOSED MEASURES

Focus on Resource Recovery through RECYCLING in line with RA9003

Integration of Solid Waste in Curricula

Private Sector Initiative for IEC

Increased Govt. Private NGO partnership for concrete programs

70.

Oxo/Photo/Bio degradable Plastics

Other Options 71. Oxo/Photo/Bio degradable Plastics PE & PPwith Biomate additives(Oxo-Biodegrable Plastics) Step 1 Oxidation Degradation (Production of low molecular mass oxidation products) Step 2 Bio-Degradation (Bio-assimilation of low molecular mass oxidation products) Sun Light Heat and Oxygen (The Natural Environment) Natural Soil andComposting Environment 72. Information on the impact of plastics on energy consumption and CO 2emissionsProduction Use End of life Energy CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Energy Energy Raw materials Products Packaging Housing Transportation

Improved production efficiency

Production emissions reduction

Improved product design with plastics

Lighter, more efficient products with plastics

Preserved food by plastic packaging

Reduced land-fill

Recycling operations

Energy reclamation

Recycle / Energy conversion 73. Energy consumption of plastic products and theirpotential substitutes

+: Energy consumption

: Energy credits (prevented food losses / saved primary production / saved production of electricity & heat)

Comparison ofplastic products with alternative materials

split into life-cycle phases

74. Effect of Substitution of Plastics on Mass, Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions 39 Mill t/a 144 Mill t/a Alternative materials x 3,7 Total mass for same funct. Units Subst. Plastics 46,4 Mill. t incl. not substitutable plastic products 4.940 MillGJ/a 7.230 MillGJ/a +46% Alternative materials (incl. not subst. plastics) Energy consumption in total life-cycle All plasticproducts 240 Mill t/a 360 Mill t/a +50% GHG emissions in total life-cycle Alternative materials (incl. not subst. plastics) All plasticproducts 75. Relevance of plastic products in total consumer carbon footprint

The average consumer carbon footprint for the EU27+2 is approx. 14 tonnes CO2-equivalents per capita

170 kg per capita result from plastics consumption.This equals 1,3% of the total consumer carbon footprint. 76. GLASS Industry 77.

Glass is 100% recyclable. No waste byproducts.

Glass recycling extends furnace life and reduces energy costs.

Glass Cullet -Broken glass from softdrinks, beer, liquor, pharmaceutical bottles and packers jars (food, condiments, chemicals, etc.).

GLASS Industry 78.

• Flint or clear

• • Sources: Coke, gin, catsup bottles, beer,pharma and packers jars

Cullet Classification

• Amber or brown

• Sources:Beer and pharma bottles

• Green

• • Sources: Sprite, Cosmos Sparkle, Cali

• Flint with blue prints

• Sources: Royal Tru-Orange, Pepsi

79. Specific Guidelines to improve recycling activities

Glass containers

• Washed & Cleaned

• • Clear Contents

• • Banlawan or Rinsed with running water

• Remove caps and labels

• Sorted according to color

• • Flint or clear

• • Amber or brown

• • Emerald or green

• • Flint with blue prints

80. The PAPER Industry

The pulp and paper industry sector in the Philippines consists of 46 mills with a combined production of 1,120,000 tons of pulp, paper and board per year (2002).

81. Why Recycle Paper?

Every ton of paper recycled saves almost 17 trees.

The Philippines has the second lowest paper recovery rate in the region.

17% of our waste is paper

60% Energy Savings / 90% less air pollution

Recycling paper also means that there is a substitute available for virgin paper.

Recycling Practices: Paper Packaging The Philippines has the second lowest paper recovery rate in the region. PHILIPPINES 82. THE PAPER RECYCLING PROCESS CUSTOMER PULPING DE-INKING FORMING PRESSING DRYING CALENDERING WRAPPING PRINTING SHIPPING WINDING REELING WASTEPAPER CLEANING/ SCREENING 83. Non-usable Paper Plastic coated or laminated papers, usuallybook covers PAPER TOWEL Wet-strengthor unrepulpable papers Carbon papers 84. Requirements: Old Newspapers (ONP) Also includes all newsprint papers such asmagazines (MOD,Womens,Kislap) Not yellowish or sunburned Atras BUKAS Bayan saRW Print date should not be more than 6 months old upon delivery June 6, 2002 Not heavily printed orheavilycolored (ex. Komiks) 85. White Papers Printedbond papers,notebooks, computer forms,books,etc... Requirements: Not yellowish or sunburned Notebook springs should be removed Glossy or coated papers should be separated if quantityis big Not heavily printed or heavilycolored 86. Old Corrugated Cartons (OCC) Requirements: Browncarton boxes Should be baled or tied Brown on both sides. White or colored cartons such as Zesto and Coke boxes are classified as mixed waste. Coke Zesto Zesto 87. Mixed Waste Gray chipboard, carbonless papers, colored andheavilyprintedpapers,colored OCC, envelopes, folders, newspapersmore than 6 months old, mimeo test papers, komiks, and other repulpable papersnotfalling in the other 3 categories. 88. Thank you very much