Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge in · PDF fileManaged Aquifer Recharge in California...
Transcript of Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge in · PDF fileManaged Aquifer Recharge in California...
Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge
in California
Segunda Jornada Technicas sobre la Recarga Artificial de Acuiferos
y Reuso De Agua Torre de Ingeneria, UNAM, Mexico D.F.
28 y 29 de agosto de 2013
Timothy Kevin Parker, Parker Groundwater Director, Groundwater Resources Association of California
Director, California Groundwater Coalition Director, American Ground Water Trust
Public Advisory Committee – California Water Plan Groundwater Caucus Chair - California Water Plan
Presentation Overview
• California setting and current efforts
• Drivers for increasing recycled water use
• Recycled water policy
• Case studies – WRD & OCWD
• Summary & Conclusions
PPIC 2011
California Setting
18,500 Mm3
Basins with Chronic Groundwater Level
Declines
DWR Bulletin 118-75 September 1975
USGS Professional Paper 1766
Storage Loss 60 M acre-feet/74,000 Mm3
Water from the Water-Rich North to the
Water-Poor South Goes Through…..
The Delta (estuary)
1100 mi/1770 km of water ways 2/3 state’s drinking water
Water from the Water-Rich North to the
Water-Poor South Goes Through…..
The Delta
In Crisis Ecology Subsidence Climate Change Earthquakes
Water from the North to the
South Would Go Through…..
The Tunnels
• Length 30mi/48km • Three Sacramento River intakes • Capacity 9,000cfs/255m3s • Modify/optimize Clifton Forebay
Current Significant Efforts in California
• Delta Stewardship Council and Delta Plan
• Bay Delta Conservation Plan
• California Water Plan Update 2013
• Statewide Water Action Plan
– (or “Water Vision”)
• 2014 Water Bond
Groundwater Management Is California still the Wild West?
• Surface Water is Permitted – Groundwater is not
Regulated/Permitted • State Agency Mandates and
Policies – Mal-Aligned and Counter-
Productive – Policies Largely Contaminant
Cleanup-Based
• Fractionated Local Agency Management – Over 1,000 Local Agencies - Water
Special Groundwater
Districts & Adjudications
PPIC 2011
• 23 adjudicated basins
• 4 special groundwater districts
DWR PAC 2013, unpublished
June 2012 13
106 Projects Recorded Source:
CA Dept of Water Resources
Banking and Recharge Projects in California
Drivers for Recycled Water Use and Recharge
• Increasing demands • Climate change uncertainty • More surface water storage limited • Current major water infrastructure designed
middle of the last century based on hydrology which was ‘wet’
• Groundwater contamination growing • Groundwater reservoirs can work to help meet
the future needs • Basins need to be refilled for a non-rainy day fund
for future supply resiliency and reliability
Recycled Water Policy
• 2009 Recycled Water Policy adopted by the State Water Resources Control Board – Increase use of recycled water
– Increase stormwater recharge
– Streamline project permitting
– Put recycled water to beneficial use
• Recycled Water Policy: develop Salt and Nutrien Management Plan (SNMP) for all groundwater basins or subbasins in California – Understand effects of salt and nutrient loading
– Manage loading to protect groundwater quality
1. Groundwater monitoring plan 2. Goals and objectives for water
recycling and stormwater recharge
3. Salt and nutrient source characterization, assimilative capacity, loading estimates and fate & transport
4. Measures to manage loading 5. Anti-degradation analysis
SNMP Required Elements
Recycled Water Recharge Permitting
• Permits for use of recycled water are issued by the State and Regional Water Boards
• California Department of Public Health (CDPH) establishes criteria for water recycling criteria & regulations, and makes recommendations to Water Boards per recycled water project
• Water is continuously monitored before and after treatment • Recharged water is also monitored in wells between point of
injection and water supply • Monitoring parameters include emerging constituents of concern • Water supply wells have to be located minimum distance of
– Six month travel time for water infiltrated in spreading basin – One year travel time for water injected into the aquifer – Travel time determined by tracer tests and modeling
Brief History of Groundwater Recharge with Recycled Water in California
• 1933 - Orange County Water District – recharge Santa Ana River water
• 1960’s -Water Replenishment District of Southern
California and Los Angeles County Sanitation
• 1976 – OCWD - treating recycled water Water Factory 21
• 1991 – OCWD permitted to inject 100% recycled water
• 2005 – WRD Advanced Water Treatment Facility
• 2006 – City of Los Angeles Department of Water & Power
• 2008 – OCWD begins operation of Groundwater Replenishment System -70MGD/265,000cubic meters-day – 117B gallons produced
Central and West Coast Basins of
Southern Los Angeles County
600,000 acre feet total water used per year
43 cities
250,000 acre feet is from groundwater (~ 40%)
Population is about 4 million
(over 10% of California’s population)
Over 400 Wells Today
Spreading Grounds
Alamitos
Barrier
Dominguez Gap
Barrier
West
Coast
Barrier
MAR Facilities
Facilities owned and operated by LA
County Flood Control District
Spreading
Grounds -
Built 1937 Rio Hondo
San
Gabriel Size Both Basins: 1,000 Ac/4Km
Intake Capacity: 2,850 cfs/80.7m3/s
Storage Capacity: 5,200 af/6.4 Mm3
Infiltration Rate: up to 1,200 cfs/34m3s
(2,400 afd)
Spreading Water Sources
Rainfall per year
(54,000 af/66.6 Mm3)
Recycled Wastewater per year
(50,000 af/62 Mm3)
Imported River Water
(21,000 af/26 Mm3)
Barrier Wells Built 1950’s
Facilities owned and
operated by LA County
Flood Control District
Barrier Water Sources
• Potable Water per year
(10,500 af/12 Mm3)
• Advanced Treated Recycled Municipal Wastewater/year (17,500 af/21 Mm3)
Reverse Osmosis
Goal is to be independent from imported water to replenish all of the groundwater supplies. Increase recycled and stormwater capture to replace imported.
WIN is a collection of 6 solo or partnered projects that will provide a sustainable groundwater supply.
The WIN Program will decrease demand on water from environmentally sensitive Bay Delta as well as the Colorado River.
Up to 34,000 af/42 Mm3 of imported water will be replaced by WIN. Estimated cost $200 million. Date of completion 2020.
Orange County Water District
Established in 1933 to:
– Protect Santa Ana River flow
– Conserve water
– Manage groundwater basin – Control groundwater pumping
– Replenish basin
– Protect water quality
– Seawater intrusion
– Basin recovery projects
OCWD recharge
facilities along
Santa Ana River.
Warner Basin in
center/background.
River flows can be diverted with an inflatable rubber dam
Anaheim Lake can recharge 100+ cubic feet per second when clean
Summary & Conclusions
• California has a long, successful history of MAR, and recycled water has been used for several decades
• Due to continued losses of endangered species in the Delta system, less water is available, and recycled water is being used more
• State policy and regulations – Increase use of recycled water – Maintain salt and nutrient balance in basins
• Regional Interdependence Will Work – less reliant on imported water through recycled water,
stormwater capture and increasing conservation, public outreach and education
End
References
• Groundwater Availability of the Central Valley Aquifer – USGS Professional Paper 1766
• Managing California’s Water: From Conflict to Reconciliation – Public Policy Insitute
Websites
• http://www.waterplan.water.ca.gov/cwpu2013 • http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx • http://deltacouncil.ca.gov/ • http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/California_Water_Bond_%28
2014%29 • http://www.leginfo.ca.gov • http://www.ocwd.com • http://www.wrd.org • http://www.grac.org • http://www.ppic.org • http://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php/California_Water_Bond_%28
2014%29 • http://ca.water.usgs.gov/projects/central-valley/central-valley-
hydrologic-model.html
Recycled Water Managed Aquifer Recharge
in California
Segunda Jornada Technicas sobre la Recarga Artificial de Acuiferos
y Reuso De Agua Torre de Ingeneria, UNAM, Mexico D.F.
28 y 29 de agosto de 2013
Tim Parker, Parker Groundwater Director, Groundwater Resources Association of California
DWR Bulletin 118-80 January 1980