UNIT 4

1.- Define the following terms:

� Weather:

� Climate:

2.- Complete the gaps with the following words:

HAIL HOT INCREASES HIGH SEASONS HOT SUSPENDED MILD LIQUID COLD FALL FIVE COLD CAPRICORN

COLDER VAPOUR CONDENSES TEMPERATE DROPS CLOUDS DROPLETS OBLIQUE RAYS PERPENDICULAR PRECIPITATION

RAIN CIRCLES SNOW GREATER HEAVY

Climate zones according to temperature

Our planet is divided into _____________ climate zones according to temperature:

� There is a _____________climate zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic

of_____________. The Sun´s _____________ reach the Earth at a _____________ angle all year

round, so temperatures are always _____________.

� There are two _____________ zones between the tropics and the polar circles. The Sun´s rays

reach the Earth at a _____________ angle than in the _____________ zone. Consequently,

temperatures are _____________ and vary with the _____________.

� There are two _____________ climate zones within the polar _____________. The Sun´s rays

reach the Earth at an _____________ angle all year round. Consequently, temperatures are

always _____________.

Precipitation

When water ____________ in the air cools, it ____________. In other words, it becomes ____________

and forms little ____________. These droplets form ____________.

When the ____________ are small, they remain ____________ in the atmosphere. But they often

become ____________ and their size and weight ____________. When they become too ____________

to remain suspended in the air, they ____________ to the Earth´s surface. We call this ____________,

which may be ____________, ____________ or ____________.

3.- Complete the following sentences

1. Temperatures are higher___________________________________________

2. Temperatures decrease progressively ___________________________________________

3. Temperatures are usually higher in___________________________________________

4. Temperatures decrease by an average of___________________________________________

5. The sea makes coastal climates___________________________________________

6. Inland climates are ___________________________________________

7. It rains more in the areas near the __________________________________________________

8. The temperature is higher near the _________________________________________________

9. It rains more on the _______________________________________________________

10. Precipitation is measured in _______________________________________________________

4.- What types of rainfall are there?

� Name of this type of rainfall :

� In which part of the Earth does it happen?

Label the following sentences with a number from

picture A:

________When water vapour cools, it condenses and forms droplets. These droples

form clouds, and fall to the Earth as rain.

________As water vapour rises, it cools.

________The Sun heats the ground and water evaporates.

� Name of this type of rainfall :

� In which part of the Earth does it happen?

� Label the following sentences with a number from picture B:

__________Hot, humid air from the sea reaches a mountain.

__________The air rises and cools.

__________Clouds form, and it rains on the windward side of the mountain, the side

which receives the ocean air.

� Name of this type of rainfall :

� In which part of the Earth does it happen?

� Label the following sentences with a number from

picture C:

__________ The mass of hot air weighs less and rises above the mass of cold air.

__________ A mass of hot, humid air meets a mass of cold air.

__________ Clouds form and it rains.

5.- Answer the following questions about atmospheric pressure:

� What factors affect atmospheric pressure?

� Where is pressure higher, at sea level or at 1,000 metres above sea level?

� What kind of air weighs less, hot air of cold air?

� What is an area of high pressure called?

� What is an area of low pressure called?

6.- Write the correct concept IN ENGLISH AND SPANISH for the following definitions:

o Winds which always blow in the same direction.______________________

o Winds which always blow from the tropics towards the equator. _________________

o Winds which change direction seasonally. .______________________

o Winds which blow from the Indian Ocean towards the continent and bring abundant rain in summer.

In winter they blow from the continent towards the sea and bring dry stable weather.

______________________

o Winds which change daily. ______________________

o Wind influenced by the surrounding geography. ______________________

7.- Look at the map of the Average annual temperatures round the world and answer the following

questions:

� Where are the hottest regions in the world?

� Where are the coldest regions in the world?

� What does the red isotherm represent?

� What degrees do the isotherms limiting the hot climate zone have?

� What isotherms limit the temperate zone?

� What isotherms limit the cold climate zones?

� In which hemisphere is the temperate zone bigger?

UNIT 5

1.- Identify the type of landscape of the following Pictures

2.- Identify the climate represented in the following maps.

3.- What landscape is it? Label the parts

4.- Complete the following diagram about the types of climates:

5.- Complete the following table:

Equatorial climate Tropical climate

Temperatures

Precipitation

Vegetation

Seasons

Human activity

6.- Match the following sentences about desert landscapes:

Ex. 7ja.- such as the Tuaregs in the Sahara and

the Mongols in the Gobi.

b.- around the oil and natural gas

industries.

c.- makes vegetation an animal life scarce.

d.- cacti and camels, have adapted to dry

conditions.

e.- oases in most areas of the desert.

f.- uninhabited.

1.- The lack of water

2.- However, some species, such as

3.- Date palms grow near

4.- Deserts are almost

5.- Some nomads live in the desert,

6.- Some towns have developed in deserts

7.- Fill the gaps with a sutable word form the box.

SHRUBS LITTLE FRUIT FLOODS (HOLM OAKS)

IRREGULAR INLAND (CUT DOWN) FORESTS OLIVE

PASTURES COAST OVERFLOW TOURISM (PINE TREES)

MEDITERRANEAN LIVESTOCK LAVENDER WHEAT

VEGETABLES

Mediterranean __________________

Rivers have an ___________ flow. In summer, they carry very ___________ water. At other tiems,

they ___________ and there are ___________ .

In Mediterranean ___________ , there are trees such as ___________ and ___________ . There

are also ___________ and plants like ___________ .

However, in Europe, landscapes have changed considerably:

● ___________ , forests have been ___________. They have been replaced by ___________

fields, ___________ trees and ___________ for ___________ .

● On the ___________ , ___________ and ___________ used to be widely grown. However,

many areas have been transformed by ___________ .

8.- Answer the following questions about continental landscapes:

� Name the three types of vegetation we can find in continental climates:

� Where is taiga found?

� What kind of coniferous trees grow there?

� Who lived in coniferous forests for centuries?

� What kind of industries have developed in the taiga?

� What kind of vegetation can we find on inland plains in wetter, warmer areas?

� What are steppes?

� Where can we find steppes?

� Where do most people in continental climate zones live?

� What economic activities are there in the continental landscapes?

9.- Complete the following table:

Altitude Shady slope vegetation

Sunny slope vegetation

Piso 1

Piso 2

Piso 3

Piso 4

UNIT 7 1.- Classify the relief of Africa in the following table. Circle on the map the elements you write in the

chart:

MOUNTAINS DESERTS PLATEAUS 6 RIVERS 5 LAKES

2.- Study the following graphs and answer the following questions.

What mountains are over 8.000 m high?

Compare Everest and Nanda Davi

Compare Jengish Chekusu and K2

--------------------------

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What is the longest Asian river? How long is it?

Compare River Lena and river Yangtze.

Compare river Huang He and river Mekong

3.- Answer the following questions about Oceania.

1. Where is Oceania located?

2. In which hemisphere is Oceania located?

3. Name the oceans surrounding Oceania.

4. How many islands are there in Oceania?

5. Which are the four large islands in Oceania?

6. Why is Australia a special island?

7. How do most of the small islands of Oceania originate?

8. Look at the map on page 66 and name the three large groups of islands.

9. What is the average altitude of Oceania?

10. What type of climates are there in Oceania? Why?

4.- Answer the following questions about AMERICA.

1. In which hemisphere is America located?

2. Where does America strech?

3. Which oceans surround America?

4. In which coast are the highest mountains located in America?

5. What is the highest mountain range in North America?

6. What is the highest mountain range in South America?

7. Where are the Appalachians found?

8. Where are the Great Plains of North America located?

9. Where does the Amazon River run?

10. What is the highest plateau in America?

11. Where is the Antilles archipelago found?

12. What are the longest rivers in America?

13. What are the Great Lakes?

14. What is the highest lake in the world?

15. Are there deserts in America? Where?