Recreation Providers and Resources

Recreation Providers and ResourcesHPR 200 Spring 2011Recreation ProvidersGovernmentFederalState LocalQuasi-PublicPrivateCommercialSpecial

Abundant opportunities exist throughout the nations public lands.

Forests, Mountains, Desert, Wildlife Refuges, Rivers, Lakes, Seashores, Public parks, Campgrounds, Playgrounds, Open Urban Spaces.

With appropriate development of natural resources, public lands contribute to the nations economy and quality of life.

Management of the resources is critical to prevent litter, graffiti, signs and structures defaced, fences destroyed, archaeological sites bulldozed to access loot, wildlife poached,

In an effort to prevent such abuse a group of public and private organizations launched a national public awareness campaign Take Pride in America. TPiA seeks to promote constructive use of resources and reduce abuse and destructive behavior

2Federal GovernmentNational Park ServiceSingle use preserved in present state solely for enjoyment of the publicNational parks, battlefields, seashores, monuments, and historic sitesEncompass nearly 84 million acresMore than 380 national parks, battlefields, seashores, monuments, historic sites1791 - 17 public properties acquired for Nations capital - National Mall, Whitehouse grounds

3Several federal agencies and systems protect the resources and provide recreational opportunities.

Single use(restricted use) preserved in current state solely for benefit and enjoyment of the public US Fish and Wildlife Service is also single use

National Park Service established in 1916 branch of Dept of Interior: Yellowstone National ParkDesoto National ForestMore National Parks established1832 Hot Springs, AR removed from public domain in 1880 it was designated a National Park1864 Land Grant Yosemite Valley and Mariposa Big Tree Grove transferred to state of CA 1906 returned to Fed Govt to be joined with Yosemite Natl Park1872 Yellowstone Natl Park established National Parks provide some of the worlds finest camping facilities, including backcountry camping, modifications for physically challenged persons

Full gamut from horseback riding to wildlife study4US Forest ServiceMultiple use timber, range, watershed,outdoor recreation, environmental awarenessUnit of USDABalanceWilderness 35 million acresOver 191 million acres of national forests and grasslands 18% is designated wilderness133,000 miles of trails 7700 miles of national scenic byways 10,000 recreation sites incl campgrounds, picnic areas, ski areas, visitor centersPortions of 96 wild and scenic rivers

Multiple use balance conservation with economic use

Protect the environment and ensure safety and enjoyment of users

Established in 1891 with passage of Forest Reserve Act of 1891

Planning the future by managing the land in a way that balances Americans interest in outdoor recreation, the need for traditional commodities such as timber and minerals and requirements of the fragile forest ecosystem

5Federal GovernmentBureau of Indian Affairs1824 Manages 54 mil acres held in trustManaging Native American landProtection, development, and trainingBureau of Land ManagementLargest federal landmass 264 mil acresMultiple useRecreation activities and preservation

Bureau of Indian Affairs Responsible for working with federally recognized Indian tribal govts and Alaska Native village communities. Main goal is to support tribes efforts to govern their own reservation communities by providing programs, services and technical assistance through area offices

BIA helps tribes protect and develop forest, mineral and energy resourcesMany reservations offer spectacular scenery, hiking, horseback riding, boating, skiing, hunting, fishing. Also motor tours of archaeological sites, powwows, ceremonial dances, museums, crafts, bingo, gambling.

BLM Unlimited outdoor recreational opportunitiesMostly in the 11 Western continental states and Alaska6Federal GovernmentBureau of Reclamation - 1902Multiple useWater related resources Supplies power in West Water related recreationTennessee Valley Authority - 1933Independent Multiple useFlood control, navigation, electric powerTN Valley - AL, GA, KY, MS, NC, TN, VA

Federal GovernmentUS Army Corp of EngineersMultiple useProtection of natural resourcesPanama CanalNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin.Aquatic counterpart of NPS

Federal GovernmentUS Fish and Wildlife ServiceSingle useConserve, protect, and enhanceObservation, photography, hunting??National Wilderness Preservation SystemWilderness designationPrimeval characterNo improvements or signs of human habitation

9Black Creek is Wilderness area in MSFederal GovernmentNational Wild and Scenic Rivers SystemWild riversScenic riversRecreational riversNational Trails SystemNational scenic trailsNational historic trailsNational recreation trails

10Rails to trailsLongleaf TraceOther Federal AgenciesUS Army Corps of EngineersNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdminUS Fish and Wildlife SvcNational Wilderness Preservation SystemNational Wild and Scenic Rivers SystemNational Trails SystemNational Scenic Byways

State GovernmentState parks1864 Yosemite1885 Niagara FallsPaul B Johnson

States specify how Counties and municipalities:Operate Rec ProgramsProvide services to communities through state officesProvide land and facilities for rec services thru state parks, forests, nature preserves, fish/wildlife areasProvide visitor facilities(ie. Campgrounds,amphitheaters)Provide recreationists and natural resources (health/safety standards)Establish research and educational facilitiesProvide fundingCooperate w/ fed agenciesPromote tourism Provide Rec - state hospitals, corr inst, orphans, seniors

Local GovernmentBoston Public GardenFredrick OlmstedCentral Park - 1853Funding issuesKamper ParkHattiesburg Zoo

3,043 Counties in US provide parks, picnic areas, horseback riding and hiking trails, athletic fields, campgrounds, beaches, lodges, cabins.18,000 municipal govts provide parks, playgrounds, playing fields, games and sports, aquatics, outdoor and nature-oriented classes and activities, arts and craft instruction, performing arts, social opportunities,, festivals, hobby groups, etc

Big Boom of parks during 1930s during Great Depression through public works projects

State govts empower local govt to provide recreational opportunities through laws and funding appropriations, recreation taxes and user fees

Capital improvements through bond issues, assessments, donations, special events, gov grants14Quasi-Public RecreationNo tax moneyNonprofit basisGrants, donations, fees, fundraising, corporate sponsorship, fees for servicesMust adhere to IRS guidelinesGoals of Social or Moral Values

15Quasi-Public ProvidersYouth organizationsSecular ReligiousCommunity centersArts & cultural organizationsPreservation societiesBoy Scouts of America Founded in 1908 in EnglandNumberVolunteer and paidDevelop desirable character traits Good citizenship, develop mental, moral, physical fitness through outdoor adventure and other learning experiencesBrought to America by William Boyce -1910

17Reaches more youth and adult members than any comparable organization Mental and physical fitness, vocational and social development, enrichment of youth hobbies through adventure and camps and community service projectsTraditionally a white male organization, but attempting to expand to include other races and womenWilliam Boyce brought the Boy Scouts to America; originated in EnglandGirl Scouts of the USAWorlds leading organization dedicated solely to serving girlsAges 5-17Reach individual potentialsDevelop positive personal valuesLearn to contribute to community lifeJuliette Lowe

18Originally Girl Guides founded by the sister of the founder of the Boy Scouts Became Girl Scouts in 1913 Congressional Charter in 1950Use experiences such as field trips, camping, sports clinics, team play, community service projects, cultural exchanges, and environmental stewardshipDo volunteer work in hospitals, museums, and environmental programs5 groups: Daisy, Brownie, Junior, Cadet, and SeniorFocus has begun to change from broad social goals to critical challenges facing women such as equity in the work placeJuliette Lowe introduced the girl scouts to the US in Savannah GeorgiaYoung Womens Christian AssociationStarted to provide homes to young women merged with a prayer unionLater offered calisthenics, then sports, then a gymEmpowerment of women through advocacySocial, cultural, and recreational activitiesMen can join, no voting rightsFocused on the needs of women

19The YWCA works for the empowerment of women through advocacy on public issues that effect and concern women and the lives they touch.Promote issues such as: domestic violence, single parenting, career development, and day care optionsYoung Mens Christian AssociationLargest nonprofit community service organization in the USTo put Christian principles into practice through programs that build healthy mind, spirit, and body for all. Links with corporate sponsorsInternational focusSports, fitness, swimming, etc

20Committed to meeting the health and social service needs of 16.9 million people of all ages

National board sets standards and guidelines (e.g. pay dues, refrain from discrimination and support agencies mission)All other decisions are up to the jurisdiction of the local branch (programs offered, staffing, and style of operation)

This is their mission as found on their web page

Have worked to link up with corporate sponsors to help to finance programsPepsi is a Mission partner donating $1.6 million for 10 yearsYMCA had $3.1 billion in income annually in the late 90s

Programs in 120 countries and serving people all over the worldCatholic Youth OrganizationUnder Catholic Charities and Catholic ChurchParish priests and congregation membersTeam sports competitionsCoach is a role model

21More directly connected to the Catholic Church than the YWCA or YMCAThere are professional leaders, program specialists, and directors, but the bulk of the leadership comes from the members of the Catholic ChurchDo camping, performing arts and social programs but emphasis is on team sports and competition in local leagues.Offer workshops, religious education and service opportunities to support and encourage the spiritual values of the participants and the churchYoung Mens and Young Womens Hebrew AssociationCombine men and womenRecreation is not primary focusCommunity-service organizationTo meet the leisure-time social, cultural, and recreational needs of its membersExtensive recreation programs

22Different from YMCA and YWCA in thisThey say recreation is not the primary focus, however, this first goal suggests differentlyThey use recreation to reach specific social goalsMaybe have fallen into the myth that recreation is only play not socially motivatedCompetitive sports, fitness activities, creative and cultural arts groups, and other services related to the Jewish religionPrivate RecreationMembership feesNonprofit/profitSocializingOperate on non-profit basis, paid employees manage day-to-day operations, managed by BOD elected by the members

23Country clubs expensiveSierra Club, American Orchid Society - Private ProvidersSport & outdoor clubs lavish to modestSocial clubs ethnic, religious, political, neighborhood, professionSpecial interest groups - NRAAdult service clubs Kiwanis, Elks, Lions, Veterans orgs

24Sport and Outdoor ClubsHunting clubs, Country clubs, Health clubs, City Athletic ClubsSocial ClubsYacht clubs, country clubs, health clubs SIMILAR TO SPORT AND OUTDOORPURPOSE Special Interest GroupsNRAAdult Service ClubsKiwanis, Rotary, Optimists, Lions, ElksCommercial ProvidersAudiovisualAmusement & Theme parksMalls & restaurantsCommercial campgroundsCampsTravel & Tourism

25Audiovisual--Video games, Video rentalsAmusement and Theme ParksDisney World, Six FlagsMalls and RestaurantsMall of America; play areas in malls; hanging out in malls as teenagerCommercial CampgroundsKOACampsSport camps; summer camp; can be affiliated with quasi-public and religious organizationsTravel and tourismhuge money; rural tourismnatural areas draw peoplehunting, camping, etcSpecial RecreationEmployee recreation Military recreationUSOMWRCampus recreation

26USOUnited Service OrganizationsMWRMorale, welfare, and recreationEmployee Services and RecreationTension in the workforceIndustrial recreationFavorable social climateIncrease productivity

27Unionization began to create a distrust between workers and employersTension existedIR was to create a better working environmentProvide additional employee benefitsProvide positive experiencesDecrease tension and make employees trust employersMore importantly, increase on the job efficiencyToyota Mall of Georgia exampleGyms, nail care, planned activities, recreation programs

Goals of Morale, Welfare and Recreation(MWR) Dept of DefensePromote job efficiencyContribute to military effectivenessAssist in recruitmentAid personnel in transitions

Promote physical, emotional, and social well-beingConstructive use of off-duty timeProvide community support programs

28Promote a high spirit among the service men and womenPeople who are more happy, work betterHow do you think it contributes to military effectiveness?Increase people joining the military if it seems like a fun place to beAs discussed before, recreation activities can make transitions from life stages easierPromoting well-being for families as well as people in militaryImage of military personnel off duty is heading for the bar and looking for troubleWhen military personnel are in conflict or stationed in remote areas, having support programs can be very helpful for the whole family

Goals of Campus RecreationStudent orientation and adjustmentContribution to academic growthControl over campus lifeEnhance the institutes imageContribute to student development

29