Recreation And Off-Duty Swimming ORM Brief

Naval Safety Center

Dave Smith

Operational Risk ManagementManagement

What is ORM?What is ORM?

A process to assist you in performing everyday tasks safely and efficiently! Modify the process to fit the situation while still identifying and assessing risks and developing controls to reduce the hazards.

Where Are We?

During FY98-02, mishaps cost the

Navy and Marines:

$3.7 BILLION

1,000 LIVES!

During FY98-02, mishaps cost the

Navy and Marines:

$3.7 BILLION

1,000 LIVES!

Rat

e p

er

100,

000

per

son

ne

l

569 142 136 135 18No. of Deaths, FY98 - 02

Traffic

Recreation AviationShore/Ground

Afloat

2%

14% 14%14%

58% Total Deaths

How People Died In Mishaps USN/USMC, FY98-02

Sailors & Marines Off-Duty Deaths = 72%

FY00: 213FY01: 175FY02: 238FY98-02: 1000

Total$3.7

Billion

Afloat: $352M

Aviation

Shore/Ground: $105M

Recreation: 56M

PMV: $122M

$2.9B

Cost of Mishaps Navy & Marine Corps

FY 98-02

26%

Sailors/Marines Off-DutyAlcohol-Related Deaths

FY 98-02

Drowning

~Boating, Swimming, SCUBA Diving

Top 3 Leading Causes Of Recreation Deaths

Alcohol Poisoning/Drug Overdose

Falls

~Buildings, Cliffs, Snow Drifts

Top 3 Recreation Injury Producers

Basketball

Softball/Baseball

Football

Findings

Human Error 80% of Causal Factors!

Mishaps

- Lack of Headwork

- Inexperience

- Non-use of PPE

- Alcohol

Involvement

Causes Of Risk

Personal Work Ethic Complex EvolutionsComplex EvolutionsHigh Energy LevelsHigh Energy Levels

Stre

ssSt

ress

Resource Constraints

Resource Constraints

EnvironmentalEnvironmental InfluencesInfluences

Hum

an NatureNew TechnologyNew Technology

Feeling of InvincibilityFeeling of InvincibilityComplacency

ComplacencySpeed, Tempo of OperationsSpeed, Tempo of Operations

CHANGE!!CHANGE!!

Elements Of ORM

3 Levels of Application3 Levels of Application

4 Principles4 Principles

5 5 StepsSteps

3 Levels Of Application

Time CriticalTime Critical

DeliberateDeliberate

In DepthIn Depth

90% of ORM processes are “On the run”

Complete 5 step process

Other considerations outside local chain of command

4 Principles

Accept Risk When Benefits Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh CostOutweigh Cost

Accept No Unnecessary RiskAccept No Unnecessary RiskAnticipate and Manage Risk Anticipate and Manage Risk

by Planningby PlanningMake Risk Decisions at Correct Make Risk Decisions at Correct

LevelLevel

5 Step

Process

1. Identify Hazards1. Identify Hazards

2. Assess Hazards2. Assess Hazards

3. Make Risk Decisions3. Make Risk Decisions4. Implement Controls4. Implement Controls

5. 5. SuperviseSupervise

Step #1:Identifydentify Hazards

Analyze Manageable Pieces of an Analyze Manageable Pieces of an EventEvent

Use Experience As a GuideUse Experience As a Guide ““Experience Is the Name Everyone Gives Experience Is the Name Everyone Gives

to Their Mistakes” to Their Mistakes” Oscar Wilde, 1892Oscar Wilde, 1892 Ask What If, Use Brainstorming, Ask What If, Use Brainstorming,

Think Cause and EffectThink Cause and Effect

Step #2:Step #2:Assess HazardsAssess Hazards

Prioritize Identified Prioritize Identified Hazards Hazards

Based on:Based on: SeveritySeverity & & ProbabilityProbability

Step #2:Step #2: AssessAssess Hazards

Severity + Probability Severity + Probability of Occurrence = RACof Occurrence = RAC

Step #3: #3:

Make Risk Decisions

Consider Risk Control Consider Risk Control Options, Most Serious Options, Most Serious Risks FirstRisks First

Risk Versus BenefitRisk Versus Benefit

Communicate As RequiredCommunicate As Required

Step #4:Step #4:ImplementImplementControls

Engineering ControlsEngineering Controls

Administrative ControlsAdministrative Controls

Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment

Step #5:Step #5: Supervise

Same as any other supervisory process:Same as any other supervisory process:

o Assure Controls Effective and in PlaceAssure Controls Effective and in Place

o Maintain Implementation SchedulesMaintain Implementation Schedules

o Correct Ineffective Risk ControlsCorrect Ineffective Risk Controls

o Watch for ChangeWatch for Change

Part II: Applying ORM Off-Duty

ORM Five Steps

Identify Hazards Assess Hazards Make Risk Decisions Implement Controls Supervise/Evaluate

Scenario

•19 Year Old Sailor •Class II Swimmer •Breath-Holding And Hyperventilating •Shallow Water Blackout

1. Identify Swimming Hazards

oWater Clarity

oInsufficient Water Depth

oPoor Swimmers

oShallow Water Blackout

oAlcohol

oThunderstorms

Risk Matrix

Probability of Occurrence + Severity =

2. Assess Swimming Hazards In Terms Of Risk

Hazards

Insufficient Water Depth

Poor Swimmers

Thunderstorms

Risk Assessment

Serious/Probably (2)

Serious/Probably (2)

Critical/Probably (1)

Hazards Risk Assessment

Shallow Water Critical/Likely (1)

Blackout

Alcohol Serious/Probably (2)

Water Clarity Critical/Likely (1)

2. Assess Swimming Hazards In Terms Of Risk (cont.)

3. Make Swimming Risk Decisions Based On Risks

Hazards

Shallow Water Blackout

Water Clarity

Poor Swimmers

Thunderstorms

Insufficient Water Depth

Alcohol

4. Implement Swimming Controls

Hazards Controls

Shallow Water Blackout Place Signs Prohibiting Breath-Holding And

Hyperventilating Techniques - Recognize/Measures To Take

Water Clarity Qualified Person Adding Properly Balanced Chemicals - Four Inch Black On White Disc

Poor Swimmers Adequate Number Of Life Guards - Offer Swimming

Lessons

4.4. Implement Swimming Controls (cont.)

Hazards

Thunderstorms

Insufficient Water Depth

Alcohol

Controls

Lifeguard Clear Pool For Determined Period Of Time

Check Water Depth For Diving Boards

Don’t Allow Intoxicated Swimmers To Use Facility

Monitor Effectiveness Of Controls

Watch For Changes

5. Supervise/Evaluate

What Can Hurt Me?What Can Hurt Me?

What Can I Do About It?What Can I Do About It?

What Do I Do What Do I Do If Something Goes If Something Goes

WrongWrong??

Take Away

Benefits Of Risk Management

Reduction in serious Reduction in serious injuries and fatalitiesinjuries and fatalities

Reduction in material and Reduction in material and property damageproperty damage

Effective mission Effective mission accomplishmentaccomplishment

Summary

ORM is a ORM is a processprocess ... ... NOTNOT a program a program

Decision making tool to:Decision making tool to:Increase ability to make informed Increase ability to make informed choices choicesReduce risks to acceptable level Reduce risks to acceptable level

ORM ORM mustmust become an inherent way become an inherent way of doing businessof doing business

The End

Dave Smith, Code, 427 DSN 564-3520 EXT 7180COML (757) 444-3520E-Mail david.a.smith@navy.milFAX DSN 564-6044COML (757) 444-6044

Visit Our Web: www.safetycenter.navy.mil