RECONSTRUCTION Life after the Civil War. ReconstructionReconstruction Freedman’s Bureau: A...
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Transcript of RECONSTRUCTION Life after the Civil War. ReconstructionReconstruction Freedman’s Bureau: A...
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Freedman’s Bureau: Freedman’s Bureau: A A government agency established in government agency established in March 1865 to help both former March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other providing food, clothing and other necessitiesnecessities
Freedman’s Bureau: Freedman’s Bureau: A A government agency established in government agency established in March 1865 to help both former March 1865 to help both former slaves and poor whites cope with slaves and poor whites cope with their everyday problems by their everyday problems by providing food, clothing and other providing food, clothing and other necessitiesnecessities
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of
allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials)
After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union
Reconstruction: a plan to rebuild the South and restore southern states to the Union as quickly and easily as possible
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan: All southerners were to take an oath of
allegiance to the U.S. (exclude high ranking military officials & Confederate government officials)
After 10% of the voters in a state took the oath, the state could form a government and ask to be readmitted to the Union
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Disagreement with Lincoln’s Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan:plan:Congress felt the southern states Congress felt the southern states
should be punishedshould be punished
Disagreement with Lincoln’s Disagreement with Lincoln’s plan:plan:Congress felt the southern states Congress felt the southern states
should be punishedshould be punished
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Johnson’s original plan:Johnson’s original plan:The same as Lincoln’s except he The same as Lincoln’s except he
expanded the groups who were not expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardongranted a general pardon
Johnson’s original plan:Johnson’s original plan:The same as Lincoln’s except he The same as Lincoln’s except he
expanded the groups who were not expanded the groups who were not granted a general pardongranted a general pardon
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Disenfranchised:Disenfranchised:To take away the voting rights of To take away the voting rights of
othersothers
Disenfranchised:Disenfranchised:To take away the voting rights of To take away the voting rights of
othersothers
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Three Additions to Johnson’s Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan:Plan:States had to approve (ratify) the States had to approve (ratify) the
1313thth amendment amendmentStates had to nullify the articles of States had to nullify the articles of
secessionsecessionStates had to promise not to repay States had to promise not to repay
institutions and individuals who had institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacyfunded the Confederacy
Three Additions to Johnson’s Three Additions to Johnson’s Plan:Plan:States had to approve (ratify) the States had to approve (ratify) the
1313thth amendment amendmentStates had to nullify the articles of States had to nullify the articles of
secessionsecessionStates had to promise not to repay States had to promise not to repay
institutions and individuals who had institutions and individuals who had funded the Confederacyfunded the Confederacy
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Purpose of the 13Purpose of the 13thth Amendment:Amendment:Abolish slaveryAbolish slavery
Purpose of the 13Purpose of the 13thth Amendment:Amendment:Abolish slaveryAbolish slavery
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionBlack Codes:Black Codes:
Laws passed in the South to restrict the Laws passed in the South to restrict the rights of freedmenrights of freedmen
These laws often controlled the types of jobs These laws often controlled the types of jobs freedmen could have, permitted whipping as freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset(sunrise to sunset
These laws also permitted prison for jobless These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wagesblacks so many worked for very low wages
Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in courtjuries or testify against white men in court
Black Codes:Black Codes:Laws passed in the South to restrict the Laws passed in the South to restrict the
rights of freedmenrights of freedmenThese laws often controlled the types of jobs These laws often controlled the types of jobs
freedmen could have, permitted whipping as freedmen could have, permitted whipping as a punishment, and established labor periods a punishment, and established labor periods (sunrise to sunset(sunrise to sunset
These laws also permitted prison for jobless These laws also permitted prison for jobless blacks so many worked for very low wagesblacks so many worked for very low wages
Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on Did not allow freed men to vote, serve on juries or testify against white men in courtjuries or testify against white men in court
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Congress’ response to Black Congress’ response to Black Codes:Codes:They passed the Civil Rights Act of They passed the Civil Rights Act of
18661866Extended citizenship to African Extended citizenship to African
AmericansAmericansGave federal government the right to Gave federal government the right to
intervene in issues of discriminationintervene in issues of discrimination1414thth amendment was also passed at this amendment was also passed at this
timetime
Congress’ response to Black Congress’ response to Black Codes:Codes:They passed the Civil Rights Act of They passed the Civil Rights Act of
18661866Extended citizenship to African Extended citizenship to African
AmericansAmericansGave federal government the right to Gave federal government the right to
intervene in issues of discriminationintervene in issues of discrimination1414thth amendment was also passed at this amendment was also passed at this
timetime
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
1414thth Amendment: Amendment:Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the Ensured equal protection under the
lawlaw
1414thth Amendment: Amendment:Gave citizenship to freedmen Gave citizenship to freedmen Ensured equal protection under the Ensured equal protection under the
lawlaw
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction:Congressional Reconstruction:Had to ratify 14Had to ratify 14thth amendment amendment
When southern states refused:When southern states refused:Congress invalidated the new Congress invalidated the new
governmentsgovernmentsStates were placed under military States were placed under military
rulerule
Congressional Reconstruction:Congressional Reconstruction:Had to ratify 14Had to ratify 14thth amendment amendment
When southern states refused:When southern states refused:Congress invalidated the new Congress invalidated the new
governmentsgovernmentsStates were placed under military States were placed under military
rulerule
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Carpetbaggers:Carpetbaggers:Northerners who moved south after Northerners who moved south after
the warthe war
Scalawags:Scalawags:Southerners who supported the Southerners who supported the
Republican reconstruction planRepublican reconstruction plan
Carpetbaggers:Carpetbaggers:Northerners who moved south after Northerners who moved south after
the warthe war
Scalawags:Scalawags:Southerners who supported the Southerners who supported the
Republican reconstruction planRepublican reconstruction plan
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Three improvement made during the Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867:Constitutional Convention of 1867:
1.1. Civil rights for all GA citizensCivil rights for all GA citizens
2.2. Free public education for all childrenFree public education for all children
3.3. Allowed married women to control their Allowed married women to control their own property (1own property (1stst state to do this) state to do this)
New governor:New governor:
Rufus Bullock - Rufus Bullock - RepublicanRepublican
Three improvement made during the Three improvement made during the Constitutional Convention of 1867:Constitutional Convention of 1867:
1.1. Civil rights for all GA citizensCivil rights for all GA citizens
2.2. Free public education for all childrenFree public education for all children
3.3. Allowed married women to control their Allowed married women to control their own property (1own property (1stst state to do this) state to do this)
New governor:New governor:
Rufus Bullock - Rufus Bullock - RepublicanRepublican
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Henry McNeal Turner:Henry McNeal Turner:
One of 29 black legislators elected to the One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 1868
What happened to the 32 African What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868?General Assembly in 1868?
They were expelled after it was They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold officeright to vote, but not to hold office
Henry McNeal Turner:Henry McNeal Turner:
One of 29 black legislators elected to the One of 29 black legislators elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in Georgia House of Representatives in 1868 1868
What happened to the 32 African What happened to the 32 African Americans elected to the Georgia Americans elected to the Georgia General Assembly in 1868?General Assembly in 1868?
They were expelled after it was They were expelled after it was determined they had been given the determined they had been given the right to vote, but not to hold officeright to vote, but not to hold office
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Ku Klux Klan:Ku Klux Klan:
A secret organization that tried to A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rightstheir new civil rights
Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865
Methods of Terrorism used:Methods of Terrorism used:
Intimidation included beatings, Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murderwhippings, murder
Ku Klux Klan:Ku Klux Klan:
A secret organization that tried to A secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rightstheir new civil rights
Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865Started in Pulaski, Tennessee in 1865
Methods of Terrorism used:Methods of Terrorism used:
Intimidation included beatings, Intimidation included beatings, whippings, murderwhippings, murder
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
1515thth amendment: amendment:
Gave all male citizens the right to voteGave all male citizens the right to vote1515thth amendment: amendment:
Gave all male citizens the right to voteGave all male citizens the right to vote
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Georgia’s readmission was completed Georgia’s readmission was completed after they:after they:
1.1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold officeoffice
2.2. Reseated the expelled African American Reseated the expelled African American representativesrepresentatives
3.3. Approved 14Approved 14thth amendment amendment
4.4. Ratified 15Ratified 15thth amendment amendment
Democrats regained control of both Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General houses of the Georgia General AssemblyAssembly
Georgia’s readmission was completed Georgia’s readmission was completed after they:after they:
1.1. Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold Ruled that blacks were eligible to hold officeoffice
2.2. Reseated the expelled African American Reseated the expelled African American representativesrepresentatives
3.3. Approved 14Approved 14thth amendment amendment
4.4. Ratified 15Ratified 15thth amendment amendment
Democrats regained control of both Democrats regained control of both houses of the Georgia General houses of the Georgia General AssemblyAssembly
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionSharecropping:Sharecropping:
Landowners provided land, a house, farming Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. the harvest.
Tenant Farming:Tenant Farming:
Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of landowner a set amount of cash or share of cropcrop
Sharecropping:Sharecropping:
Landowners provided land, a house, farming Landowners provided land, a house, farming tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. tools and animals, seed, and fertilizer. Workers agreed to give the owner a share of Workers agreed to give the owner a share of the harvest. the harvest.
Tenant Farming:Tenant Farming:
Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was Similar to sharecropping. Main difference was tenants usually owned some equipment and tenants usually owned some equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own farm animals. They also bought their own seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid seed & fertilizer. At end of year they paid landowner a set amount of cash or share of landowner a set amount of cash or share of cropcrop
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Demand on soil:Demand on soil:
Because the bankers put such high Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruinedyear after year) the soil was ruined
FarmersFarmers became poorer and poorer became poorer and poorer
CottonCotton was still the most important crop was still the most important crop in Georgiain Georgia
Demand on soil:Demand on soil:
Because the bankers put such high Because the bankers put such high expectations on farmers (expected expectations on farmers (expected them to grow cotton & tobacco crops them to grow cotton & tobacco crops year after year) the soil was ruinedyear after year) the soil was ruined
FarmersFarmers became poorer and poorer became poorer and poorer
CottonCotton was still the most important crop was still the most important crop in Georgiain Georgia
ReconstructionReconstructionReconstructionReconstruction
Other businesses expanded during Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction:Reconstruction:
Industry increased because of Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased cotton demand (textile mills increased)increased)
Banks began to reopen due to Banks began to reopen due to increased demandincreased demand
Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopenedreopened
Railroad traffic & shipping increased Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grewas shipping demands grew
Other businesses expanded during Other businesses expanded during Reconstruction:Reconstruction:
Industry increased because of Industry increased because of increased cotton demand (textile mills increased cotton demand (textile mills increased)increased)
Banks began to reopen due to Banks began to reopen due to increased demandincreased demand
Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels Dry goods stores, shops, and hotels reopenedreopened
Railroad traffic & shipping increased Railroad traffic & shipping increased as shipping demands grewas shipping demands grew