Reconstruction
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Transcript of Reconstruction
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Rebuilding the
Nation
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Key Questions:
• How do should the South be brought back to
the Union?
• How will the South be rebuilt after its
destruction during the war?
• How will all the newly freed slaves be
integrated into American society?
• Which branch of government should control
the process of Reconstruction?
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Presidential Plans for
Reconstruction:
Lincoln vs. Johnson
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Abraham Lincoln’s Plan
• Once a Southern State– Had 10% of voters took oath of
allegiance to the Union– Ratified the 13th amendment
• It could rejoin the Union and send representatives to Congress
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Andrew Johnson’s Plan• From Tennessee, a border state
and Vice President to Lincoln
• Sympathetic to poor southern
whites.
• Pardoned many rebel leaders.
• Recognized newly formed state
governments in the South.
• Did not support full legal rights for
freedmen
• Believed the President to run
Reconstruction
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Congress’ Plan for Reconstruction:
The Radical Republicans
• Reconstruction Act 1867
– Established military rule over
Confederate States and
Divides the Confederate
States into 5 military districts
• Rad. Republicans wanted strict
requirements and punishment
for the South
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Bringing Freedmen into
American society.
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Freedman’s Bureau 1865• Established by Congress.
• Helped freedmen with food,
clothing, and medicine.
• Searched for lost family
members, made marriages
legal, and dealt with civil
rights issues.
• Opened schools for children
and adults
• Registered freedmen for
voting
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Civil War Amendments: Free Citizens
Vote
• 13th Amendment:
• 14th Amendment:
• 15th Amendment:
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The Aftermath of
Reconstruction:
Did it work?
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The New Republican South
• Carpetbaggers Northerners who went to
Southern states to be apart of the new state
governments
• More than 700,000 new freedmen voters
• Hiram Rhodes Revels elected Senator from
Mississippi along with 2,ooo other blacks elected
to public office
• Republican leaders elected throughout the South
– Established schools, hospitals, roads, and
railroads. Banned racial discrimination
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Sharecropping: ECONOMIC SLAVERY
• Done to keep plantation farming alive
without slavery
• Plantation owner would provide the land,
tools, and materials to a freedman to work.
• The freedman would give a share of his
crop to the plantation owner as payment
• It developed into a new form of oppression
of the freedman Many sharecroppers were
also poor white farmers.
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The Ku Klux Klan
• Ku Klux Klan- formed by ex-Confederate soldiers.
• Secret, terrorist designed to create fear on African Americans
• Bombing, lynching, murder, arson, rape, etc…
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The Black Codes• Laws passed by Southern States. Based on
older slave laws.
• To preserve traditional southern society
despite the abolition of slavery.
• Examples:
– Illegal for freedmen to hold public office.
– Illegal to travel freely, to serve on a juries.
– Freedmen without jobs can be fined or jailed.
– Voting Tax and Literacy test before able to
vote.
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Impeachment of Andrew Johnson• Congress already wanted
him gone for some time
• Congress passed the
Tenure of Office Act which
barred Johnson from firing
is Cabinet
• Johnson fired his Sect. of
War and Congress
impeached him
• He survived the dismissal
vote by one!
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The “New South”
• A modern, industrial South has been born!
• Moved away from plantation culture since
slave labor no longer existed.
• Northerners came to the South to help
rebuild, put in new rail lines and develop
new industries including cotton and steel
mills.
• Urban Industrialization begins