Reconstructing the Chaine operatoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
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Transcript of Reconstructing the Chaine operatoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
University of Southampton
Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire throughSemantically Linked Open Data
Monika Solanki
Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Leicester
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Chaîne_opérato ire.png
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Talk outline University of Southampton
Outline
Tracing Networks
From RDMS to Ontologies
Semantic Explorer forArchaeology
Conclusions and Future work
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks
investigates the network of contacts across and beyond theMediterranean region, between the late bronze age and the lateclassical period (c.1500-c.200 BCE) by interrogating materialobjects
seven archaeological case studies fully integrated with computerscience projects
programme sets technological networks in their greater social,economic and political contexts to expand our understanding ofwider cultural developments
these networks from the past can help us devise new and moreeffective ways of transmitting knowledge and information in ourdigital world
http://www.tracingnetworks.org/
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks
Archaeologists study a wide range of material objects.
By tracking them at every stage of their production,distribution, use, and consumption across a largegeographical region, over a long time period, they cantrace the links between the people who made, used, andtaught others to make them.
The Chaîne opératoire
Cross-craft interaction
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks
Archaeologists study a wide range of material objects.
By tracking them at every stage of their production,distribution, use, and consumption across a largegeographical region, over a long time period, they cantrace the links between the people who made, used, andtaught others to make them.
The Chaîne opératoire
http://www3.hf.uio.no/sarc/iakh/lithic/INTopchain/I NTopchainpaper.html
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks
Archaeologists study a wide range of material objects.
By tracking them at every stage of their production,distribution, use, and consumption across a largegeographical region, over a long time period, they cantrace the links between the people who made, used, andtaught others to make them.
Pertinent QuestionsHow does technical knowledge move from oneperson/group/society to another?
How do people choose which particular knowledge to usefrom the repertoire available?
In what kinds of contexts does innovation appear?
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks and Semantic web
Archaeology by its very nature focuses on establishinglinkages between past events, places, people and things.
The Semantic Web infrastructure therefore serves as apotential solution because of its emphasis on capturingrelationships and should be exploited to providearchaeological data management solutions.
Little work has been done so far in the Semantic Webcommunity that can motivate archaeologists to adopt theirtechnologies to manage and analysis data.
Interesting results have been obtained in the domain ofcultural heritage and museums.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
The TN-LOD cloud
Tracing Networks through Linked Open Data
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks: Vocabularies
CIDOC-CRMIt provides definitions and a formal structure for describingthe implicit and explicit concepts and relationships used incultural heritage documentation.
An ontology of 86 classes and 137 properties for cultureand more.
International standard since 2006 - ISO 21127:2006.
The ontology has been encoded in OWL2.0, OWLDL andRDFS.
http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/index.html
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Tracing Networks University of Southampton
Tracing Networks: Vocabularies
CIDOC-CRMIt provides definitions and a formal structure for describingthe implicit and explicit concepts and relationships used incultural heritage documentation.
An ontology of 86 classes and 137 properties for cultureand more.
International standard since 2006 - ISO 21127:2006.
The ontology has been encoded in OWL2.0, OWLDL andRDFS.
Tracing Network vocabularies extend CIDOC-CRM
http://cidoc.ics.forth.gr/index.html
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Generating linked datasets University of Southampton
From RDBMs to Ontological datasets
Generating datasets for the TN-LOD
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Generating linked datasets University of Southampton
Motivation
Conventional mapping frameworks
provide scripting languages to facilitate the mapping.
apply simplistic mapping rules.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Generating linked datasets University of Southampton
Motivation
Realistic scenarios:
the association between columns and properties is farmore complex than a simple one-to-one correspondence.
domain specific schemas to be used for mapping havebeen extended from standard vocabularies or those usedelsewhere.
Loomweights: the ontological instances conform to adomain specific schema, e.g., CIDOC-CRM.
several ontology schemas are used and the data needs tobe suitably mapped to more than one property.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Generating linked datasets University of Southampton
The Loomweights Dataset
The column diameter in theRDB table cannot be mappedas a datatype property.
To specify a relationshipbetween diameter and theconcept Loomweight, createintermediate instances ofCIDOC-CRM concepts.
Instances to be contextuallyrelated to each other toensure loomweights areassigned correct diametervalues.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Generating linked datasets University of Southampton
Transformation Framework
ORM Reverse Engineering.
ECA Rule-based Transformation.
Ontology Instance Generation.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
SEA:Semantic Explorer for Archaeology
MotivationThe most time-consuming part of an archaeologicalinvestigation is the post-excavation analysis.
There is therefore a mileage in combining the task ofarchiving, querying and analysing the data within a singleframework.
Archaeological data is fragmentary. Inferencing capabilitiesof reasoners can be used to extract implicit knowledge andcontribute to their existing knowledge bases to completethe fragments.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
SEA:Semantic Explorer for Archaeology
A web application.
RESTful APIs for programmatically accessing the TN-LODcloud.
Interactive and global querying of linked datasets.
Data visualisations using user defined perspectives.
Statistical analysis using bespoke criteria provided byarchaeologists at runtime.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Case study: Human representations
The scope of the project includes examining and analysinghuman representations on a range of object types and in arange of materials, such as bronze and pottery.
The project utilises details such as gestures and postures,dress and associated objects as keys to understandinghow identity and new understandings of society arecommunicated.
Raw data is collected through examining objects frompublished literature or in museum collections.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Human representations: Informal queries
Example 1:
“Find images of riders who appear on objects found in Austriawhere the altitude of the excavation site is 500 meters abovesea level. I would also like to know the statistical distribution ofthe material and the technologies used for the production ofthese objects. I would like to visualise the results as a pie chartand see the distribution of the sites where these objects werefound on Google Earth”.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Human representations: Informal queries
Example 2:
“Find all objects which have images of individuals in the orantgesture who are wearing a triangular dress, earrings and whocarry a vessel on their head, where the vessel is supported bytheir left hand. I would also like to know the statisticaldistribution of the gender of these individuals according to thecountry in which the objects were found. I would like tovisualise the results as a tree map and see the distribution ofthe sites where these objects were found on Google Map”.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
SEA: Architecture
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
SEA: Query Component
Three parts: query builder, a SPARQL/SQWRL endpointand an inference engine.
Aggregates the input data as RDF triples.
Formalises the query in SPARQL, includes any constraints.
Queries can be specified intuitively.
Utilises the WordNet dictionary.
“Natural Language Query Summariser”.
Records user preferences: statistical analysis, visualisation
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
SEA: Visualiser Component
Three visualisation modules.Queries generated by the user
Convert the SPARQL triple patterns to GraphMLThe visualiser is interactive and allows a user toexpand/collapse nodes in the graph.Search for a specific node in the graph.
Query Results: linked data, markers on the GoogleEarth/Google maps.
Statistical analysis: commonly used statistical analysismodels.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Human Representation
“Find images of riders who appear on objects found in Austria wherethe altitude of the excavation site is 500 meters above sea level. Iwould also like to know the statistical distribution of the material andthe technologies used for the production of these objects. I would liketo visualise the results as a pie chart and see the distribution of thesites where these objects were found on Google Earth”.
Part 1Find images of riders who appear on objects found in Austria wherethe altitude of the excavation site is 500 meters above sea level.
Part 2I would also like to know the statistical distribution of the material andthe technologies used for the production of these objects.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Building the query using SEA
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Sub query Part 1
PREFIX tnh:<http://www.tracingnetworks.ac.uk/ontology/human_representation.owl#>
PREFIX rdf:<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax- ns#>SELECT ?individual ?object ?site ?country ?abbr ?type
?tech ?image ?altitude ?materialWHERE{
?individual rdf:type tnh:Individual.?individual tnh:appearOn ?object.?object tnh:isFoundAtSite ?site.?site tnh:isLocatedInCountry ?country.?country tnh:hasCountryAbbr ?abbr.?object tnh:has1stObjectType thn:rider.?object tnh:hasImageLink ?image.?site tnh:hasAltitude ?altitude.FILTER (?altitude>=500).FILTER (?abbr="AT").}LIMIT 3000
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Visualising the query
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Visualising the query results: Google earth
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
SEA: Semantic Explorer for Archaeology University of Southampton
Visualising the query results
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Related work University of Southampton
Closely related work
D2RQ: Berlin
Virtuoso: Open Link Software
STAR: Glamorgan, English Heritage
STELLAR: Glamorgan, English Heritage
TRANSLATION: Southampton
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Conclusions University of Southampton
Conclusions
Little work has been done so far in the Semantic webcommunity that can motivate archaeologists to adopt theirtechnologies to manage and analysis data.
An exploratory attempt to reconstruct the Chaîneopératoire using the principles of linked open data.
A transformation framework for migrating large volumes ofarchaeological data stored in RDBs to ontology based datasets on the Semantic Web.
SEA: A unified framework that allows archaeologists withbasic knowledge of Semantic Web technologies to“explore” their datasets through interactive querying,visualisation and analysis.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Future work University of Southampton
Future work
Implement a user-friendly graphical modeling environmentfor the language in GMF (Graphical Modeling Framework)to allow easy creation and editing of transformation rules.
Extend the query interface so that it allows archaeologiststo specify ranking heuristics for the search results.
Extend the visualisation interface by providing a facetedbrowser that allows the archaeologist to visualise queryresults along several facets.
Augment the support provided for inference making.
Keeping a close eye on the linked data cloud for anyrelevant archaeological datasets that may eventually bepublished so that we can link to it.
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
Acknowledgements University of Southampton
Acknowledgements
Computer ScienceProf Jose Fiadeiro
Yi Hong
ArchaeologyProf Lin Foxhall
Katharina Rebay-Salisbury
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data
University of Southampton
Many Thanks!!!
Monika Solanki Reconstructing the Chaîne opératoire through Semantically Linked Open Data