Recommended methodologies for the measurement of Diesel … · 2019-03-08 · Recommended...
Transcript of Recommended methodologies for the measurement of Diesel … · 2019-03-08 · Recommended...
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Recommended methodologies for the
measurement of Diesel Exhaust Emissions
(DEE) and Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM)
Presented on behalf of:
CJ Pretorius, B Henzing, PBC Forbes, G Schoonraad, S Brink, M Wattrus, B
Mkwakwinga, PC Schutte, J du Toit, S van Tonder
MMPA Conference
27 October 2018
Sun City, Rustenburg, South Africa
Julize van Niekerk – MHSC Research Delivery Specialist
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Contents
▪ Objectives
▪ Relevance of project
▪ Research methodology
▪ Outcomes
▪ Recommendations
▪ Project Team
▪ Acknowledgements
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Relevance of project
▪ Diesel engine exhaust is a Class 1 Human Carcinogen
▪ Diesel particulate matter (DPM): ultrafine particulate
matter in DEE
▪ Lack of standardised methodologies
▪ Insufficient monitoring and control of employee exposure
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Project Objectives
▪ Methodologies to measure diesel exhaust emissions
(DEE) and diesel particulate matter (DPM)
▪ Effective monitoring and control of employee exposure to
carcinogens from diesel emissions
▪ Standardised practices in the industry
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Methodology
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Outcomes
➢ Literature Review
▪ Leading practices and technology available
▪ Commercially available methodologies
➢ National survey through questionnaire
▪ Needs and requirements of the mining industry
▪ Small number of responses; however representative of
industry
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Outcomes continued…
➢ Questionnaire responses
▪ Some mines are monitoring against limit values
▪ Preferred familiar methodologies (gravimetric and gas)
▪ Small, portable methodologies
▪ Short waiting time for results
▪ Aligned with legislation
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Outcomes continued…
➢ Database with fleet information
▪ Responses were not comprehensive; however,
representative of industry
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Outcomes continued…
➢ Controlled testing
▪ Sasol Fuels Application Centre
▪ Evaluate methodologies under
controlled conditions
▪ Raw exhaust, dilute exhaust and
atmospheric
▪ Same speed, different engine loads
▪ Test modes: idle, high idle, 25%, 50%
and 100% load
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Outcomes continued…
➢ Mine testing
▪ At one of the AngloCoal Collieries
▪ Evaluate implementation and
end-user impressions
▪ Mine testing confirmed some
concerns around the health and
safety of technicians
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Outcomes: Guidance Note
▪ Guidance on measurement
within the specific context of
the mining operation
▪ Frequency of testing
▪ Context informs the choice of
the methodology
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Recommended DEE and DPM methodologies
▪ Not one comprehensive methodology for one diesel exhaust
component (i.e. gases or particles)
▪ Not one comprehensive methodology per mine or per
commodity
▪ Robust methodologies => trends
➢ Use one or more methodologies to test DEE and DPM in
raw exhaust, environmental conditions and personal
exposure
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Recommended DEE and DPM methodologies
NIOSH 5040: DPM sampling and lab analysis
Airtec Real-time DPM and with lab analysis
Sub-micron particle mass concentration (PMC) analysis: rawexhaust DPM
Electrochemical gas sensors: raw exhaust gases
Denuder tubes: environmental gas and DPM sampling with lab analysis
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Outcomes: Methodologies Not Recommended
➢ Has potential but cannot be implemented yet as it
requires further development: CSIR patented semi-
conductor sensors for gases and ultra-fine PM
➢ Not recommended methodology: Personal gas
detection system
▪ Warning system; not designed for monitoring
▪ Assess technician exposure during measurement
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Outcomes: Standard Operating Procedure
▪ Execution of recommended methodologies
▪ Practical tips and considerations
▪ Practical implementation of one or more methodologies
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Recommendations
▪ The development of a comprehensive and integrated methodology
▪ DMR promulgate national OELs for DPM
▪ End-users are trained in the implementation of the SIM 150601
Guidance Note and Standard Operating Procedure
▪ Certain ISO standards are adopted by SABS for the measurement of
airborne pollutants in workplace
▪ The outcomes of SIM 150601 are integrated with the outcomes of
project CoE 150602 on DPM
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Project Team
▪ CSIR: Cecilia Pretorius, JJ Lottering, Dr. Bonex Mwakikunga,
Vusi Mahlangu, Jonas Shai, Gideon Ferreira, Stefan Brink
▪ TNO: Bas Hensing, Anjoeka Pronk, Yvette Christopher-de Vries
▪ Sasol: Mark Wattrus
▪ University of Pretoria: Dr. Patricia Forbes and Genna-Leigh
Schoonraad
▪ Schu Schutte
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Acknowledgements
▪ Funding: Mine Health and Safety Council
▪ Collaboration: University of Pretoria
▪ Collaboration: TNO (Netherlands)
▪ Controlled testing: Sasol Fuels Application Centre
▪ Mine testing: AngloCoal Greenside Collieries
▪ Instruments: CSIR Air and Dust Laboratory, Dräger, Disprotech,
South Deep Gold Mine, AMS Haden and the University of
Pretoria
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MHSC Project SIM 150601
For project queries, please contact the
Mine Health and Safety Council:
Tel: 011 070 4200 [email protected] http://mhsc.org.za