RECOMMENDATIONS TO VERIFY AND SUSTAIN PREVENTION …...Sep 14, 2017 · knots with or at least...
Transcript of RECOMMENDATIONS TO VERIFY AND SUSTAIN PREVENTION …...Sep 14, 2017 · knots with or at least...
RECOMMENDATIONSTOVERIFYANDSUSTAINPREVENTIONANDRESPONSESYSTEMSREADINESSINPRINCEWILLIAMSOUND
• OVERVIEW• 2018EdisonChouestOffshorereplacesCrowleyMarineServices
• Providingtugs,barges,equipmentandpersonnelthatarethemainstayofthepreventionandresponsesystemofTAPSmarineoperations.
• 5ea.ASD4517EscortTugs• 4ea.ASD3212GeneralPurpose/SecondaryEscortTugs
• RossChouestUtilityVessel• 4ea.PurposeBuiltResponseBarges• Crewssufficienttoproperlymanthevessels• Thisreportrecognizesthatitisanexcellentopportunityforanimprovedsystem.
• Thereportalsosuggestsmodeling/simulationsanddemonstrationstoverifythecapabilityofthenewequipmentandpersonnel.
WHATISTHEPURPOSEOFTHISREPORT
• Recommendmodeling,fielddemonstrationsandexercisestoverifytheon-waterassetsandpersonnelarepreparedtoserveinPrinceWilliamSound.• BasedonStateandFederalregulatoryrequirements.• InternationalStandards.• PrecedenceandpastpracticebasedonpreviousmethodsusedtoassessthecurrentPrinceWilliamSoundEscortandResponseSystem.
• Doesnot evaluatethecurrenttransitionprocess.• Identifyameaningfulprocesstoensuretheeffectivenessofthevesselsandpersonnelbyrelatingbackonhistoricalpractice.
WHATMATTERSANDWHYDOWEWORRYABOUTIT?• IsthenewequipmentBAT?
• Keepspacewiththelatesttechnology.• Isitascapableoranimprovementoverexistingequipment?• Thesystemshouldcontinuallyimprovewiththeintroductionofnewanddifferentequipmentanddesigns.
• Theequipmentandpeoplearereadyandcapableofexecutingtheirroleseffectively.• Necessaryforthesystemtomeetitsintendedpurpose
AreAdditionalModelingandSimulationsNeeded?
• In2000,Glostenmodeledworstcasetankertrajectoriesfor198,000DWTtankerwhileescorttugassisting/towing.(GlostenSHIPMANDriftSimulationsfor128,000DWTtanker.• Inconfinedwaterwayse.g.ValdezNarrows,ValdezArmBuoy9,CapeHinchinbrook&GulfofAlaska.
• Whilethetankerisunderemergencytowwiththeescorttug.
• Identifyrapidsteeringassistandbrakingforcestocontrolthetanker'strajectorywithinthemaximumadvanceforthearea.
• EstablishmaximumDWTtankerthattheASD3212andASD4517arecapableofassisting/towing.• GlostenSHIPMANManeuveringSimulationsofTankerEscortWithCrowley’sEscortTugsETT,PRTandProtector(GlostenFile01046July2006)
• Conductscalemodeltanktesting• CrowleyAlaskaETTNanuq/Tan'erliqRadioControlledModelTestsGlostenFileNo.00103(March2001)• Thisprojectwasconductedtostudythebehaviorofthetuginescortsituationsutilizingaself-propelledmodel.Thistestingprovidesanopportunitytosimulateatugattachedtoatankerexecutingfullscalemaneuvers.Themodelwasalsousedtoinvestigatetheconsequencesofdeckedgesubmergenceandmaneuverinitiationprocedures.
• TugMasters,Mates,SouthwestPilotsAssociationandTankerMastersparticipationinFullMissionBridgeSimulations.• AwelldesignedFullMissionBridgeSimulatorallowstheparticipantsinsightintothehandling,assistabilities(bollardpullcondition)andindirect/directsteeringandbrakingforces.
• Allows“BridgeTeam”todevelopcommunicationandcomfortlevelwitheachother’s skills.
• Providesfamiliarityinmaneuveringnearthetankerinworstcaseconditionswithoutendangeringthesafetyofthecrewsorequipment.
• USCGRegulatoryRequirement• Thepeopleandequipmentworkingseparatelyorintandem,mustmeetUSCGPerformancestandards.• Towingatankerat4ktsincalmconditions.• Holdingthetankerinasteadypositionagainsta45ktsheadwind.
• Holdingatankeronasteadycourseagainsta35°lockedrudderat6kts.
• Turningthetanker90° assumingafree-swingingrudderandataspeedof6kts.Withinthesamedistance,itcouldturnitselfwithahardoverrudder.• Althoughtherequirementsdonotdefinetheweatherconditionsfortheseperformancestandards,therecommendationsinthisreportrecognizethattheexercisesshouldbeconductedintheoperatingareaandthe90thpercentileattheminimum.
IDENTIFYEFFECTIVEMANEUVERSTOFACILITATEATANKER“SAVE.”
ThisisanewdesignandtechnologytoPrinceWilliamSound- NeedtoestablishthatthecurrentmaneuversarecompatiblewithASDpropulsion/forwardskegdesignandrender/recoverwinches.
WHYFULLSCALEEXERCISESINTHE90thPERCENTILECONDITIONS?• Allowthecrewanopportunitytopracticeexercisesinreasonable
conditions.• Thispracticeprovidesinsightandindicationofanyoperationsthat
mayneedimprovementwithoutsubjectingthecreworvesseltopotentiallyunsafeconditions.
• DemonstratetheASD4517andASD3212effectivelymaneuverinthe90thpercentileconditionsinordertoproviderapidsteeringandbrakingforcesand/ortakeatankerundertow.• Sincethecrewwillbeworkingontheweatherdeck,thevesselsmust
havesufficientfreeboardandstabilitytoprovidetheworkareafreefromboardingseasandextremedeckaccelerationforceswhilemaneuveringnearthetankersbowandstern.
• CantheUtilityTug(RossChouest)effectivelymaneuverinthe90thpercentileconditionstotakeatankerundertow?• Thisisaverylargeandpowerfulvessel,theeffectivenessand
maneuverabilitymustbeverifiedtomeettheexpectationsasaSentinelTugatPortEtches.
• CantheUtilityTugmeettheexpectationsasaSecondaryEscortTug?• Thevesseldesign,fenderingandbow/towwinchmustbecompatible
toassisting/changingatanker’sheadingand/orspeed.
BasedonTheGlostenAssociates,2007,File06086,AnalysisofMeteorologicalandOceanographicDataforPrinceWilliamSound,Alaska
WHATWOULD"90thPERCENTILEWIND&WAVESLOOKLIKE?
Percentile Averagewindspeed(knots)
Significantwaveheight(feet)
Min 0.00 0.0025th 5.83 3.6450th 10.30 5.5175th 15.75 8.5680th 17.30 9.4590th 21.58 12.295th 25.46 14.73Max 41.60 28.44
Table3.AnnualpercentilesforSealRocksbuoy(2013-2016data)
WHATISTHEIMPORTANCEOFTHE90TH PERCENTILE?• Foranobservationatthe90thpercentile,90%ofallobservationswillbelessthanthatobservationand10%willbegreater.
• 90thpercentileislessthanhalfoftheclosureconditions,whichistrueforawindspeedof21.58knots(48%),butnotsoforseastate.12.2feetis81%oftheclosurecondition.
• Forpracticalcomparison:SmallCraftWarningsforAlaskaareissuedwhensustainedwindsorfrequentgustsreach21– 33knotswithoratleast8-footseas(NWS,2014).
• Althoughseascomplicatemaneuveringandcrewperformance,windshaveasignificanteffectondriftrate,tankerpositionrelativetothewindandsea.
• Vesselsgenerallylayinthetroughordriftbeamtotheseaandwind.
• Windcomplicatespassingamessenger/heavinglinefromthetugtothetanker.
HISTORICALPRECEDENT
• LongBeachFull-ScaleTrialsARCOIndependence—S/RCalifornia
ARCOAlaska—Protector(TheGlostenAssociates,Inc.March1997
FileNo.97009)• Comparedthetug’stheoreticalcapabilitybasedoncomputer
simulationstoactualresultsshowingthecomputersimulationstendtoover-predictfull-scaletugperformance,becausetheyrepresentanidealoperatingenvelopeofthetug’scapability.
• GulfServiceEmergencyTowExercise
December9,1997• Gatherinformationforuseinimprovingtechniquefor
emergencytowing.• ProvidetheGulfServiceandtankerpersonnelpractical
experienceinemergencytowingoperationswithaloadedtanker.
• GainpracticalexperienceofGulfServicetowingequipment.• Practicespecifictechniquesfortankerrescuewithatowline.
• Nanuq/GulfService-ARCOSpiritTowingExerciseJune8,1999• Gatherinformationforuseinimprovingemergencytowingproceduresofthevesselsintheescortsystem.
• Giveescortoperators,pilotsandtankerpersonnelpracticalexperienceinemergencytowingoperationswithaloadedtanker.
• GainpracticalexperienceofGulfServicetowingequipment.• Practicespecifictechniquesfortankerrescuewithatowline.
• Tan'erliq/SeaVoyager- ARCOIndependenceTowingExerciseDecember10,1999• DemonstrateETTstoppingthetankerfrom12kts.,SeaVoyagemakinguptowtothetanker,turningtanker90deg.intothewindandtowingfor20min.
• Alert/Nanuq/ARCOSpiritTowingExercise
March14,2000• TopracticeandimprovetechniquesforrescueofadisabledtankerinPrinceWilliamSound.
• Gatherinformationforuseinimprovingemergencytowingproceduresandmaneuversofthevesselsintheescortsystem.
• Provideescortoperatorsandtankerpersonnelpracticalexperienceinemergencytowingoperationswithaloadedtanker.
• Practicespecifictechniquesfortankerrescuewithatowline.
• CrowleyAlaskaETTNanuq /Tan'erliqRadioControlledModelTestsGlostenFileNo.00103(March2001)
• OverseasWashington/Aware/NanuqHeavyWeatherTowExerciseFebruary6,2004• Themainobjectiveofthisexercisewastomakeasaveatheavierthancalmweatherconditionsand,amongotherthings,ascertainthatitcouldbedone,provideexperienceandtrainingforcrew,tohelpindevelopingashared-experiencedocumentforcirculationamongtugcrewsandtoassistinevaluatingtheprevention/responsetugsinpreparationforreturningthemtoprimaryescortstatus.
OVERVIEW:RESPONSESYSTEMCHANGES
• Openwaterresponseassets• Barges• Skimmers• Booms• NewcrewsonValdezStar
• Responsetactics• Tacticsdesignedtoobtainoptimumvaluefromresponseequipment
• Personnel• Newcompanycomingintooperateresponseequipment
WHATARETHEMAJORCONCERNSWITHIMPLEMENTINGANEWRESPONSESYSTEM?• Asthisisanewsystem,exercisedatathatshowsthecapabilityofthesystemdoesnotcurrentlyexist
• Canskimmersbeoperatedtomeetwhatwasdoneintanktests
• Cantimeframeslistedinthecontingencyplanbemet
• Aretheoilrecoverytacticsachievableandadequateforbothdayandnightoperations
• Underwhatweatherandseaconditionscanthesystembedeployedandoperated
ADDITIONALAREASOFCONERN
• Evaluationofcrewtraining• Exercisingofthenewoperatingcompanypersonnelbackfillsystem• Assessnumberofcrewrequiredtoinitiateandcontinuearesponse• Personneldecontaminationproceduresonthenewbargestoensurearesponsecancontinue• Offloadingofbargestotankersofopportunity• Decantingoffree-waterfrombarges• Tugcrewcapabilitytoadequatelytowbarges,locateandmaneuverbargeinthickestoil,applydispersantifequippedtodoso
HOWWASTHECURRENTRESPONSESYSTEMESTABLISHEDANDREFINED?• RegulatorychangesafterExxonValdezoilspill
• Developedregulationstoensurearesponsecouldbeimplementedtimely
• Determinedhowmuchoilneededtobetargetedforrecoveryinaspecifictime
• Gaveagenciestheabilitytoconductexercisestoensuretheresponsesystemcouldmeettheregulations
• Establishedreasonableratesforfinancialresponsibility
MAJORSTEPSUSEDTOREFINETHECURRENTRESPONSESYSTEM• AgenciesandtheRCACstartedworkingwithindustrytodevelopandcarryoutexercises
• Theexercisesresultedinmanytraining,tacticandequipmentadjustments
• Thisprogressedto,whenapplicable,planningexerciseswithlimitedornoindustryinvolvement
• Thisprovidedforasnapshotintime,orwhatwouldhappenifaspilloccurredwithouttheplanningandpreparationthatgoesintoanexerciseplannedwithindustry.
• Theregulationsremaininplacetoallowfortestingandrefinementofthenewsystem
CONCLUSIONSafetymustalwaysbetakenintoconsiderationwhenestablishingandtestingasuccessfulandreliablepreventionandresponsesystem.ThePWSShippershavecommittedthroughtheirState-approvedTankerC-Planthattheywillrespondtoadisabledtankerandcarryoutaspillresponseinallconditionsinwhichtankerswillbeoperating.Conductingexercisesintheconditionslistedinthisreportwillallowsafetyhazardstobeidentifiedundercontrolledsituationsratherthanunderthepressuresofconductingoperationsduringareal-timeeventinwhatcouldbefar-worseconditions.Thiswillallowsolutionstobedevelopedandcrewscanthenbetrainedtoremainsafe.Waitingtoexperiencepreviouslyunknownsafetyissuesduringareal-timeeventiscontradictorytosafetygoals.