RECOMMENDATIONS

ON IMPLEMENTATION

OF UNSCR 1325

GENDER TRAINING & EDUCATION

RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION

OF UNSCR 1325

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TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION 7

BACKGROUND 10

Gender Training and Education 15

RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION OF UNSCR 1325 15

ImplementationofUNSCR1325 17

SeniorLeadershipInvolvement 17

EducationandTraining 18

GenderExpertise 19

Communication 20

Conclusion: Summary of the recommendations 21

Previouspublications 25

Abbreviations 29

Referencetexts 33

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INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION

Today’s conflicts not only call for military responses; other capacities andresourcesneedtobeaddressedtobearincrisisandpost-crisissituations.Inrecognisingtheimportantanddistinctiverolethatwomencanplayinconflictresolutionandpeacesettlement,NATOseeksto improveitseffectivenesstocontributetoitsoverallmissionsuccess.

NATO’smissionistocontributetosustainableandlastingpeace,withinwhichgenderequalityisakeyfactor.Includingthegenderdimensioninallstagesoftheoperationalprocess-inthedesign,planning,implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpoliciesandprogrammes–isbeneficialtoachievingNATO’smission. Effectiveness in complex security environments means respectingandfullyembracingthediversityofbackgrounds,skillsandexperiencesofall.Adoptingagenderperspective into interveningandsolvingmodernconflictscontributestoendurablepeaceandmissionsuccess.

In 2009 the NATO Committee on Women in NATO Forces (CWINF) had itsTermsofReferencerevisedandextendedtoincludetheimplementationoftheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution1325(UNSCR1325)andUNSCR1820onWomen,PeaceandSecurity,aswellasrelatedandfutureUNSCR’sdealingwithgenderissues.Sincethatmoment,theCommitteeisrecognizedunderthenameofNATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectives(NCGP).

AspertheTOR,theNCGPisanadvisorybodytotheMilitaryCommittee(MC)ongenderrelatedpoliciesfortheArmedForcesoftheAlliance.ThepurposeoftheCommitteeistopromotegendermainstreamingasastrategyformakingwomen’saswellasmen’sconcernsandexperiencesanintegraldimensionofthedesign, implementation,monitoringandevaluationofpolicies,programsandmilitaryoperations.

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BACKGROUND

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BACKGROUND

InOctober2000,theUnitedNationsSecurityCounciladoptedtheresolution1325onWomen,PeaceandSecurity.Byagreeingtheresolution,theInternationalCommunityrecognizesthatcivilians,particularlywomenandchildren,accountforthevastmajorityofthoseadverselyaffectedbyarmedconflicts.

The resolutioncalls for the implementationof internationalhumanitarianandhuman rights law, institutional arrangements to guarantee the protection ofwomen and girls and their full participation in peace processes. It requestsmemberstatestoincreasetherepresentationofwomenatalllevelsofdecisionmaking for prevention, management and resolution of conflict. It seeks toexpandtheroleofwomeninfield-basedoperationsandsupportstheinclusionofagenderperspectiveinpeacekeepingoperations.

Since the adoption of the resolution in 2000, other organizations andpartnerships, such as the EU and the OSCE, have endorsed its principles.Nationsallovertheworldaredevelopingnationalactionplanstoimplementtheresolutions,followedbytheirdefenseinstitutions.

In2007,accordingtoitsmission,theCWINFdevelopedasetofrecommendations‘’CWINFGuidance forNATOGenderMainstreaming’’, inorder tocontributetothedevelopmentofageneralapproachtothemainstreamingofagenderperspectiveinNATO’smilitaryoperations.

In2008,theCWINFpublishedaselectedlistofessentialbestpracticesbasedonnationallessonslearnedtoimprovegenderbalance,coveringdomainssuchas recruitment, employment, career development, operational planning andoperations in addition to education and training, entitled: “Best practices toimprovethegenderbalance”.

This year’s Committee meeting focused on the implementation of UNSCR1325andgendertrainingandeducation.Basedonnationalandinternationalexperiences, the domains that need to be developed to improve theimplementationofUNSCR1325were identified.TheNCGP thendevelopedrecommendationsthatarepublishedinthisbrochure,whichisavailablealongwithpreviousCommitteepublicationsontheCommittee’swebsite.

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GENDER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

RECOMMENDATIONS ON IMPLEMENTATION

OF UNSCR 1325

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1. Implementation of UNSCR 1325

TheNCGPfoundthattheUNSCR1325isimplementedinaninconsistentwayacrossnations.Someofthemhavewelldevelopedplansanddirectivesandareorganizingtrainingandeducationsessionspriortodeploymentaswellasinthetheatre.Othershavejuststartedtoconsiderthetopic.

Yet in 2007, NATO adopted a Euro-Atlantic Partnership Counsel (EAPC)policy, tasking the member states to develop practical proposals for theimplementationofUNSCR1325.TheNACandtheEAPCaretokeepprogressonthisimplementationunderconstantreview,andreportonanannualbasis.

In September 2009, NATO approved a Bi-SC (Bi-Strategic Command)Directive40-1on“IntegratingUNSCR1325andGenderPerspectives in theNATOCommandstructures includingmeasures forprotectionduringarmedconflict”.ThedirectiveisapplicabletoallinternationalMilitaryHeadquartersoranyotherorganizationsoperatingwithNATOchainsofcommand.ItincludesNATOstandardsofBehaviourforoperationsandmissionsandanOperationalPlanningchecklist.

TheNCGPassessedthatsomenationsdonotyetcomplywiththeseNATOpolicies and directives. Consequently the NCGP recommends nations todevelop a National Action Plan (NAP) and directives to promote gendermainstreaming.ItisimportantthattheNAPisupdatedandreviewedinordertomaintainvalidity.

Nations who do not have a NAP are advised to enhance coordination andconsultation mechanisms with other players such as NATO InternationalStaffand internationalorganizationsor research institutes involved ingendermatters.

2. Senior Leadership InvolvementTo have a gender approach to military operations, it is essential and of theutmostimportancethatseniorleadersarecommitted.Goodwillandsupportarenotenough,activeinvolvementisneeded.

AlthoughtheBi-SCdirective40-1formallytasksNATOthestructurewiththeimplementationoftheResolution,andthusputstheonusontheparticipantsto ensure compliance in peacekeeping operations, the senior leadershipinvolvementshouldgobeyondthat;itrequestsforapersonalcommitmentoftheleaders.

Commitmentatthehighestlevel isakeyfactorforthefull implementationofUNSCR1325.

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In order to increase commitment from senior leaders and commanders aretheyshouldbeheldaccountableforprogress.Theyshouldbeconsciousthatgenderisaforcemultiplierforoperationalsuccess.

The acknowledged1 benefits of applying a gender perspective into militaryoperationsare:

• Moreextensiveinformationgatheringcapacitiestoimproveaccessandcommunication with the local population in order to make better andmorebalancedecisions;

• Overall situational awareness of all parties involved in the conflict toincreasecredibilityandacceptanceof theoperationand the troops intheatre;

• Enhanced mutual understanding and respect to assure a better forceprotection.

TheNCGPrecommendsseniorleaderstocommitandtoactivelysupporttheimplementationofagenderperspectiveatNATOandnationallevels.

3. Education and Training

Itwasstatedatthe2008CWINF’sconferencethateducationandtrainingisconsidered tobeacatalyst for improving theawarenessongenderand forthesuccessfulimplementationofagenderperspectiveintooperations,nationsare recommended to develop their own national education and/or trainingprograms.

Even though education and training are distinguished as different, they arecomplementary.

Education ismainly foroperationalplannersanddecisionmakers,aimingoncreating gender awareness. Education is non-specific and theoretical, andcontributes to directives, operational plans and national plans including agenderperspective.

Trainingismoreconcrete,interactiveandshouldbescenariobasedforclearlydefinedandrealisticsituations.Thegendertrainingispracticalandspecifictothemission.Thebasisofgoodtrainingiscomprehensivedirectives.Thereforealltrainingshouldbebasedoneducation.

1 “OperationalEffectivenessandUNResolution1325–PracticesandLessonsLearnedfromAfghanistan”See:Referencetexts

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The Committee believes that gender training should be included in pre-deploymentand inductiontrainingforallNATO-ledoperations,even if this isanationalconcern.ToassureinteroperabilityandconsistencythroughouttheNations,theCommitteerecommendsthat:

• NATOoffersagender training template toenableagreatercoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATOnations.Thetemplateshouldbefreeforadaptationtoconcurwiththespecificoperationalcontextorfornationstoemphasizepointsofparticularnationalinterest;

• NATO offers a “train-the-trainer” program to meet the requirement forstandardizationandinteroperabilitywithingender;

• NATO and nations provide appropriate resources in terms of funding,timeandpersonnel;

It is NATO’s responsibility to ensure standardization and interoperability ingendertrainingandeducationfortroopsofdifferentnationsworkingtogetherinaNATOoperation.TherecommendedprogramswouldenabletheessentialcoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATO.

In order to achieve the training goals, the CWINF agreed in 2008 that thefollowingpointsshouldbetakenintoconsiderationwhenorganizingthenationaltraining:

• Educationandtrainingshouldbeongoingthroughoutthecareer;• Specific training should be organized for senior leaders and mission

commanders;

• Thetrainingshouldbegivenbymilitaryteams,mixedingender;

• The training should be integrated in pre-deployment and in-missiontrainingratherthanconsistofastand-alonemodule.i.e.emphasizethegenderperspectivethroughouteveryphaseoftheoperation;

• Thetrainingshouldbebasedoncleardirectives.Itisintendedtoenforcestandard behaviour (Code of conduct, rules of engagement, standingoperatingprocedures).

4. Gender Expertise

TheNCGPacknowledgesthatthereisalotofgenderexpertisegatheredovertime,butitisnotstructuredandmadeavailabletogenderadvisers.ConsequentlytheCommitteeconcludesthatthereisaneedforagenderfocalpointnetworktoexchangeknowledgeandsharebestpracticeswith thegenderadvisers.Additionally,acentralizeddatabasewith lessons learned,missionsuccesses

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andfailuresisanotherrecommendedtool.Thisgenderfocalpointnetworkandthedatabaseshouldbeusedtodevelop,adaptorupdatetrainingprograms,astheyareessentialtoolsforeffectivetraining.

AsecondconclusionoftheCommitteeisthatthegenderadvisor,asacounselor,hastobeintegratedintothemilitarystructuretosupporttheCommander.Theexactlocationintheorganizationofthestaff–beitattachedtotheCommanderdirectlyortohisExecutingOfficer,orembeddedinstaffcellssuchasOperations(J3),Plans(J5)orCIMIC(J9)–istobedeterminedcasebycase.

5. CommunicationCommunication is another key factor to successfully implement the genderperspective. Spreading and sharing information about gender issues is animportantwaytoenhancegenderawarenessandto improveeducationandtraining.

Pushinginformationcanbeachievedbyorganizingandmaintaininganetworkofgenderexperts–advisersorfocalpoints–thatallowsaneasyexchangeofexperiencesandbestpractices.

Sharinginformationistobeachievedbyagenderrelateddatabaseincludinglessons learned,missionsuccessesand failures. Inaddition, thecentralizedrepertoirecanbeusedtoimprovealreadydevelopedtrainingprograms.

As stated above, the network of gender experts and the gender relateddatabasearenotonlytoolsforexchangingexpertise.Theyareindispensableinstrumentsforbettercommunication,becausetheyarehelpfultocommunicateexperiences,bestpracticesandlessonslearned.

Lessonslearnedconcerninggendershouldbecomeanintegralpartofthehand-over/take-overprocessofresponsiblepersonnelsuchastroopcommandersorheadsofmission.

When soldiers are in contactwith the local population, they shouldbeableto communicate goals and mission objectives to their counterparts. Thesegoalsandmissionobjectivesmusthavebeencommunicatedtothematthebeginningoftheirdeploymentinordertoexplainthereasonofthemissiontowinheartsandminds.

TheNCGPrecognizesthatcommunicationisanimportantissuewithinitsownorganization,atalllevels.ItisreadytoactasapartinorganizinganetworkofgenderexpertstoactivelypushinformationforNATOnations.

CONCLUSION:

SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

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CONCLUSION:

SUMMARY OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS

TheNATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectivesrecommends:

• NationstodevelopaNationalActionPlan(NAP)anddirectivestopromotegendermainstreaming;

• SeniorleaderstobecommittedandtoactivelysupporttheimplementationofagenderperspectiveatNATOandnationallevels;

• NATOtoofferagendertrainingtemplatetoenableagreatercoherenceofgendertrainingacrossNATOnations;

• NATOtooffera“train-the-trainer”programtomeettherequirementforstandardizationandinteroperabilitywithingender;

• NATOandnationstoprovideappropriateresourcesintermsoffunding,timeandpersonnel;

• Agender focalpointnetwork toexchangeknowledgeandsharebestpracticeswiththegenderadvisers;

• A centralized database with lessons learned, mission successes andfailures;

• The gender advisor, as a counselor, to be integrated into the militarystructuretosupporttheCommander.

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PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS

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PREVIOUS PUBLICATIONS

AvailableontheofficialCommitteewebsite:http://www.nato.int/issues/women_nato/index.html

1. CWINFGuidanceforNATOGenderMainstreaming-publishedin2007;

2. BestPracticestoimproveGenderBalance -publishedin2008;

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ABBREVIATIONS

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ABBREVIATIONS

Bi-SC Bi-StrategicCommandCWINF CommitteeonWomeninNATOForcesEAPC Euro-AtlanticPartnershipCouncilEU EuropeanUnionMC MilitaryCommitteeNAC NorthAtlanticCouncilNAP NationalactionPlanNCGP NATOCommitteeonGenderPerspectivesOSCE OrganizationforSecurityandCo-operationinEuropeUNSCR UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution

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REFERENCE TEXTS

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REFERENCE TEXTS

• UNSCR1325onWomen,PeaceandSecurity,31Oct2000

• Bi-SC40-1ontheintegrationofUNSCR1325andgenderperspectivesintheNATOCommandstructureincludingmeasuresforprotectionduringarmedconflict.(See:“Pdflibrary”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)

• Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council document EAPC(C)D(2007)0022,Implementing UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, 10 Dec2007

• Terms of Reference of the NATO Committee on Gender PerspectivesMC0249/2,20May2009(See:“GenderPerspectives,Committeeon”,under“Topics”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)

• “Operational Effectiveness and UN Resolution 1325 – Practices andLessonsLearnedfromAfghanistan”bydifferentauthors.(See:“Links”onthe“Women,PeaceandSecurity”pageoftheNATOwebsite)

MoreinformationrelatedtotheCommitteeonWomenintheNATOForcescanbefoundonthewebpage:

http://www.nato.int/issues/women_nato/index.html

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