Recognize an adjective clause when you see one.

Adjective ClauseAn adjective clause—also called an adjectival

or relative clause—will meet three requirements:First, it will contain a subject and verbNext, it will begin with a relative pronoun

[who, whom, whose, that, or which] or a relative adverb [when, where, or why].

Finally, it will function as an adjective, answering the questions What kind? How many? or Which one?

Adjective Clause Formula

ExamplesWhose big, brown eyes pleaded for another

cookieWhose = relative pronoun; eyes = subject;

pleaded = verb.Why Fred cannot stand sitting across from

his sister MelanieWhy = relative adverb; Fred = subject; can

stand = verb [not, an adverb, is not officially part of the verb].

Adjective Phrases In UseDiane felt manipulated by her beagle

Santana, whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.

Chewing with her mouth open is one reason why Fred cannot stand sitting across from his sister Melanie.

AssessmentGrowling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter,

Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced across the kitchen floor.

Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who hiccupped for seven hours afterward.

AnswersGrowling ferociously, Oreo and Skeeter,

Madison's two dogs, competed for the hardboiled egg that bounced across the kitchen floor.

Laughter erupted from Annamarie, who

hiccupped for seven hours afterward.

Recognize an adverb clause when you see one.

Adverb ClauseAn adverb clause will meet three

requirements.First, it will contain a subject and verb. You will also find a subordinate conjunction

that keeps the clause from expressing a complete thought.

Finally, you will notice that the clause answers one of these three adverb questions: How? When? or Why?

Subordinate Conjunction

How, When, Why?Tommy scrubbed the bathroom tile until his

arms ached.How did Tommy scrub?

Until his arms ached = adverb clause.

AssessmentUnderline the adverb clause. In your answers,

include a ‘how’, ‘when’, or ‘why’ question. Ex.. “How did Tommy scrub?”

1. Josephine's three cats bolted from the driveway once they saw her car turn the corner.

2. After her appointment at the orthodontist, Danielle cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew an omelet.

AnswerJosephine's three cats bolted from the

driveway once they saw her car turn the corner.When did the cats bolt? Once they saw her car

turn the corner, an adverb clause.After her appointment at the orthodontist,

Danielle cooked eggs for dinner because she could easily chew an omelet.Why did Danielle cook eggs? Because she

could easily chew an omelet, an adverb clause.

Recognize an noun clause when you see one.

Overview (Of Everything)A sentence which contains just one clause is

called a simple sentence.A sentence which contains one independent

clause and one or more dependent clauses is called a complex sentence. (Dependent clauses are also called subordinate clauses.)

There are three basic types of dependent clauses: adjective clauses, adverb clauses, and noun clauses. (Adjective clauses are also called relative clauses.)

Noun clauses perform the same functions in sentences that nouns do:A noun clause can be a subject of a verb:

What Billy did shocked his friends.A noun clause can be an object of a verb:

What Billy did shocked his friends. A noun clause can be a subject complement:

Billy’s mistake was that he refused to take lessons.A noun clause can be an object of a preposition:

Mary is not responsible for what Billy did.A noun clause (but not a noun) can be an

adjective complement: Everybody is sad that Billy drowned.

Activity Part 1.Finish these phrases with nouns

1. I don’t know _________________.

2. I love _________________.

3. I remember _____________.

4. _______________ is fun.

A noun clause REPLACES a noun. In other words, a noun clause is a multi-word noun.

Replace the nouns from Activity Pt. 1 with a noun clause.

1. I don’t know _________________. 2. I love _________________. 3. I remember _____________. 4. ______________ is fun.