Recent results from MAGIC

Recent results from MAGIC

• Characteristics of MAGIC• A partial summary of physics results• MAGIC 2 at work:

• First physics results with MAGIC 2

MAGIC at La Palma

the largest reflector in the world(2 x 17 meters diameter telescopes)

A European collaboration of 160 scientists from institutes in Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Finland, Poland, Bulgaria,

Croatia

MAGIC2 in production (commissioning ended in May). Full stereo data-taking

Further upgrade expected in late 2011 (new Magic 1 camera) is on schedule

Some strong points of MAGIC

• Fast repositioning (sensitivity to transients: GRB)• Low energy threshold (50 GeV, 25 GeV in sum trigger mode)

– Overlapping with Fermi– Deep universe

Low threshold: overlap w/ Fermi (IC peak, X-calibration)

FERMI MAGIC

…and access to pulsars cutoffs, exg Crab (see Thomas Schweizer’s talk)

5

Low threshold: observations at high z (1)

• n (,z) is the spectral

energy density of

background photons

),(emobs )(),( zEeEzE

Finke & Razzaque 09

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maxσ at ε ≈ 500 GeV

E

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟ eV ⇒ EBL

6

Low threshold: observations at high z (2)

• Neglecting evolutionary effects for simplicity

€

Λ∝1

σ

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟

Coppi & Aharonian, ApJ 1997

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(E,D) ≈D

Λ(E)Λ∝

1

σ

⎛

⎝ ⎜

⎞

⎠ ⎟

Φobs(E,D) ≈ Φem (E) × e−D

Λ(E )

Impact on fundamental physics: Photon propagation through large distances (EBL, Lorentz invariance…)

The VHE Universe far away is populatedby many MAGIC objects…

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39 Sources…1ES 1011+496 z=0.21 MAGIC 20071ES 0414+009 z=0.29 HESS/Fermi 2009S5 0716+71 z=0.31±0.08 MAGIC 20091ES 0502+675 z=0.34 VERITAS 2009PKS 1510-089 z=0.36 HESS 20104C +21.43 z=0.43 MAGIC 20103C 66A z=0.44 VERITAS 2009 3C 279 z=0.54 MAGIC 2008

Mkn 180z = 0.045

ToO trigger

MAGIC12.1 h

S=5.5 σ

March 2006

ToO trigger 1ES 1011+496 z = 0.212

MAGIC 18.7h

S=6.2 σ

March-May 07

Mostly Apr 08

ApJ, 667 (2007) L21

KVA optIcal telescope at La Palma

ApJ, 648 (2006) L105

MAGIC

S5 0716+714 z = 0.31

Optical triggers: KVA in the MAGIC team…

MAGIC 13.1hS=5.8 σ

ApJ 704 (2009) L129

3C 279 observations Jan -April 2006

6.2σ

2.2σ

MAGIC: E>100 GeV

MAGIC Coll.,Science 320 (2008) 1752

• The farthest object (z=0.54)

• Modeling of 3C 279 non-trivial: • FSRQ

• External-Inverse ComptonModeling required, morefree parameters than standard SSC

• VHE provides vital input!

MAGIC

Index 4.1+-0.68

3C 279 follow-up observations

• Observation: January 16, 2007

Spectrum: Index 3.5+-0.7

MAGIC

Lightcurve

Detection with 5.6 sigma

3C 279: consequences on EBL

• The farthest source

• Pushes the level of EBL to a limit close to the galaxy count

• Mazin+2007, Mankuzyl+ 2010

• Speculation on possible anomalous mechanisms like mixing with an ALP (DeAngelis+ 2007, Hooper+ 2008, Sanchez-Conde+ 2009)

EBL spectrum: probing 0.2-2μm

At ~0.5 TeV, flux attenuated by 2 orders of

magnitude!

€

m <<10−10eV (maximal mixing)

1011 GeV < M < 1013 GeV

S5 0716+714

Discovery after anoptical ToO with KVA telescope

• Low-peaked BL Lac z = 0.31±0.08• Detection on 23-25 April 2008• Flux>400GeV = 9% Crab• Photon index = 3.45±0.54• X-ray high flux on April 28th (Swift)

April 2008

April 2008

KVA

SwiftMAGIC

fermi

Monitoring of bright sources

Regular observation of Mrk 421

preliminary

Correlation with X-ray

Jan 20th – April 30th 2009 SED

Long term monitoring of bright VHE sources: Mrk 421, Mrk 501, 1ES 1959+650, 1ES 2344+514

MWL campaign, ToO

Joint HESS-MAGIC-VERITAS campaign of M87 (Science 2009)

VHE

nucleus

Peak flux

knot HST-1

nucleus

X-ray

Radio

HST-1Core

Knot DKnot A

Colours: 0.2 - 6 keV (Chandra)Contours: 8 GHz radio (VLA)

The M87 radio-galaxy Jet

• Shared monitoring HESS, MAGIC VERITAS•Confirmation of day-scale variability at VHE• Evidence of correlation with the nucleus in X-ray & Radio.• Evidence of central origin of the VHE emission (60Rs to the black hole)

Chandra

jet

Summary of extragalactic sources

• Detection of 17/40 AGNsIncluding 10 discoveries:

- Mrk 180- BL Lac- 1ES 1011- PG 1553 (with HESS)- 3C 279 (z=0.54)- MAGIC J223+430 (3C66A/B)- S5 0716+714 - PKS 1424+240 (preliminary: 4.4σ)- IC310- 4C +21.35

• Other targets: - GRB - Starburst galaxies - Galaxy clusters

EXCLUDED

STILL ALLOWED

Probing EBL spectrum 0.2-2μm

Study AGNmechanism

constraint from 3C 279

Summary of galactic sources

• Detection of 9 objectsincluding 3 discoveries:

- LSI 61+303- IC 443- the Crab pulsar

• Various families of emitters- SNR- PWN- Binary system - Pulsar- micro-quasar

MAGIC detection

The SNR IC 443

IC 443

IC443 (MAGIC J0616) and CR

index~3.1

MAGIC J0616 Fermi,Egret

Magic,Veritas

Cyg X-3

Selected new physics results from MAGIC 2

Performance of MAGIC stereo (see T. Schweizer’s talk)Angular resolution: 0.08° @ 1 TeV (was 0.12°)

MAGIC stereo integral sensitivity now ~ 0.9% Crab in 50h (was 1.5% for MAGIC-I)

Will reach 0.7% with the new camera (2nd half 2011)

Energy resolution: 18% @ 400 GeV (was 25%)

MAGIC II(Crab data)

Efficiency x3at 100 GeV

Crab Nebula with MAGIC stereo: very first resultsJan 10. MAGIC stereo (3h) overlaps with Fermi between 50-300 GeV (2 flux points below 100 GeV, statistical errors already smaller)

(See T. Schweizer)

New source: IC 310 (March 2010)

• First source detected in stereo• Triggered by Fermi

Fermi (10-100 GeV)

New source: 4C +21.35 (June 2010) ###100###

• MAGIC reported the detection of a gamma-ray outburst from the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar 4C +21.35, redshift of z=0.432.

• The observation was performed in stereoscopic mode during low intensity moon light

• During only 0.5 hours on June 17, 2010, preliminary results indicate a significant gamma-ray signal of 120 excess events corresponding to >8 sigma level above the background.

Where can MAGIC and the Cherenkov make a change?

• The gamma/cosmic ray connection:– SNR as galactic sources – AGN as sources

• DM– The photon annihilation channel?

• But the information from no detection is not as good as for accelerators

– Electrons (and positrons?)• A few things still not fully understood

– Photon propagation• The unexpected (Lorentz invariance, exotica, …)

• Safe fundamental science (and astronomy/astrophysics) from gamma rays: room for improvement in the region around 50 GeV

Summary

• MAGIC is now taking regular stereo data. Stereo observations since summer 2009, end of commissioning a couple of months ago

– MAGIC performance in phase II has some new and unique characteristics

– New MAGIC–I camera: in schedule, probably installed before Sept 2011

• First MAGIC stereo data already make physics (Crab, Mrk421, 3 new sources, electrons)

– 0.9% Crab sensitivity in 50 h (increase by 1.6x wrt MAGIC-I; becomes 3x at 100 GeV)

– Stable analysis threshold at 50 GeV (clean data with sum trigger above 30 GeV)

• More scientific results from MAGIC stereo in near future

– new objects to come in the next months

– Overlap with Fermi. Interesting E < 100 GeV region

BACKUP

Stereo Analysis

M2

M1

Δδ

MAGIC-1 MAGIC-2 Axis crossing

Image cleaning:- Classical threshold method with time constraints

Shower direction reconstruction:- Combination of axis crossing and DISP method

Energy reconstruction:- Using lookup tables

Background rejection:- Based on Random Forest classification

+ DISP correction

Comparison with our competitors

Reaching 0.7with new camera

Impact on fundamental physics: Photon propagation through large distances (EBL, Lorentz invariance…)

Impact on fundamental physics: Morphology of galactic sources(origin of cosmic rays)

Impact on fundamental physics: DM, the unexpected

Much cleaner signal (Crab can be seen without cuts!!!)

6 hours, no cuts: Crab at 25

StereoMagic I

100 GeV < E < 150 GeV

After cuts

Crab Nebula: MAGIC - I

MAGIC-I overlaps with Fermi between 60-300 GeV (1 flux point below 100 GeV, statistical errors comparable to Fermi)

Abdo et al. 2010, ApJ 708, 1254

Crab Nebula: MAGIC - I

MAGIC-I overlaps with Fermi between 60-300 GeV (1 flux point below 100 GeV, statistical errors comparable to Fermi)

Albert et al. 2007 ApJ 674, 1037

Abdo et al. 2010, ApJ 708, 1254

Crab preliminary (larger statistics: 16h)

Mrk 421Mrk 421 spectrum, 3 hours of data on Jan 14th. Wobble.

Flux level ~2.5 Crab

Spectrum starts at 50 GeV

Overlap with Fermi

Fitted with power law + exponential cutoff