Recent Results from ISOLDE and new Opportunities with HIE ...Xe Kr Ar Rn B C N O F Ne He Th Ce Pa...
Transcript of Recent Results from ISOLDE and new Opportunities with HIE ...Xe Kr Ar Rn B C N O F Ne He Th Ce Pa...
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Recent Results from ISOLDE and new Opportunities with HIE- ISOLDE
Mark Huyse
IKS, K.U.Leuven, Belgium
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The many lives of ISOLDE
Prof. Bjorn JONSON (Chalmers University of Technology)
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CERN accelerator complex
7 May 2008 CERN Academic Training Programme
1.2x1013 pps 1 or 1.4 GeV p
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ISOLDE@CERN
Mark Huyse
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RIB - Production reactions
• Spallation• Fragmentation• Fission
– n- (thermal or energetic), p-induced
– Photofission (e-beam)
• Fusion
1.4 GeV p
pn
238U
201Fr
+spallation
11
Li X
+ +fragmentation
143
Cs Y
+ +fission
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Target – Ion-source matrix
Converter Target Standard
Converter
Target
Target
p+p+p+
UC66.9 %
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Surface & plasma ionization
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Laser ionization
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ISOLDE Table of elements
H
Li
Na
Be
Mg
Cs
Rb
K
Fr
Ba
Sr
Ca
Ra
La
Y
Sc
Ac
Hf
Zr
Ti
Rf
Ta
Db
W
Sg
Re
Bh
Os
Hs
Ir
Mt
Pt
Ds
Au
Rg
Hg
112
Al
Tl
Si
Pb
P
Bi
S
Po
Cl
At
Nb
V
Mo
Cr
Tc
Mn
Ru
Fe
Rh
Co
Pd
Ni
Ag
Cu
Cd
Zn
In
Ga
Sn
Ge
Sb
As
Te
Se
I
Br
Xe
Kr
Ar
Rn
B C N O F Ne
He
Th
Ce
Pa
Pr
U
Nd
Np
Pm
Pu
Sm
Am
Eu
Cm
Gd
Bk
Tb
Cf
Dy
Es
Ho
Fm
Er
Md
Tm
No
Yb
Lr
Lu
+ SURFACE –hot PLASMA cooled
LASER
ION SOURCE:
113 114 115
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ISOLDE yields, 2006
http://isolde.web.cern.ch/ISOLDE/
So far >600 radioactive isotopes of >60 elements @ 60 keV
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October 2001: a new dimension
Post acceleration by REX-ISOLDEup to 3 MeV/u
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REX-ISOLDE OVERVIEW
REXEBIS
Experiments REXTRAP
MASS SEPARATOR
7-GAP RESONATORS IH RFQ
9-GAP RESONATOR
3.0 MeV/u
2.2 MeV/u
1.2 MeV/u
0.3 MeV/u
ISOLDE beam
60 keV
RebuncherPrimarytarget High energy
driver beam
protons
Optional stripper ISOLDE
LinacLength 11 mFreq. 101MHz (202MHz for the 9GP)Duty cycle 1ms 100Hz (10%)Energy 300keV/u, 1.2-3MeV/uA/q max. 4.5 (2.2MeV/u), 3.5 (3MeV/u)
LinacLength 11 mFreq. 101MHz (202MHz for the 9GP)Duty cycle 1ms 100Hz (10%)Energy 300keV/u, 1.2-3MeV/uA/q max. 4.5 (2.2MeV/u), 3.5 (3MeV/u)
EBIS • Super conducting solenoid, 2 T
• Electron beam < 0.4A 3-6 keV
• Breeding time 3 to >200 ms
• Total capacity 6·1010 charges
• A/q < 4.5
EBIS • Super conducting solenoid, 2 T
• Electron beam < 0.4A 3-6 keV
• Breeding time 3 to >200 ms
• Total capacity 6·1010 charges
• A/q < 4.5
REX-trap• Cooling (10-20 ms)
Buffer gas + RF
• (He), Li,...,U• 108 ions/pulse(Space charge effects >105)
REX-trap• Cooling (10-20 ms)
Buffer gas + RF
• (He), Li,...,U• 108 ions/pulse(Space charge effects >105)
Nier-spectrometer
• Select the correct A/q and separate the radioactive ions from the residual gases.• A/q resolution ~150
Nier-spectrometer
• Select the correct A/q and separate the radioactive ions from the residual gases.• A/q resolution ~150
Total efficiency : 1 -10 %Total efficiency : 1 -10 %
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World ISOL accelerated beams
FACILITYFACILITYFACILITYFACILITY DRIVERDRIVERDRIVERDRIVER POWERPOWERPOWERPOWER
(kW) (kW) (kW) (kW)
USER BEAMS ACCELERATEDUSER BEAMS ACCELERATEDUSER BEAMS ACCELERATEDUSER BEAMS ACCELERATED ENERGYENERGYENERGYENERGY
((((MeV/uMeV/uMeV/uMeV/u))))
PHYSICS REACHPHYSICS REACHPHYSICS REACHPHYSICS REACH
LOUVAINELOUVAINELOUVAINELOUVAINE----LALALALA----
NEUVENEUVENEUVENEUVE
(BELGIUM) (BELGIUM) (BELGIUM) (BELGIUM) 1989198919891989
30 MeV
protons
6 6666He, He, He, He, 7777Be, Be, Be, Be, 10,1110,1110,1110,11C, C, C, C, 13131313N, N, N, N, 15151515O, O, O, O, 18181818F, F, F, F, 18,1918,1918,1918,19Ne, Ne, Ne, Ne, 35353535ArArArAr
10
cyclotron
Astrophysics
Nuclear structure
HRIBFHRIBFHRIBFHRIBF
Oak RidgeOak RidgeOak RidgeOak Ridge (USA) (USA) (USA) (USA)
1997199719971997
100 MeV
p, d, α1 7777Be,Be,Be,Be, 17,1817,1817,1817,18F, F, F, F, 69696969As, As, As, As, 76767676----79797979Cu, Cu, Cu, Cu, 67,8367,8367,8367,83----85858585Ga,Ga,Ga,Ga, 80, 80, 80, 80,
82828282----86868686Ge,Ge,Ge,Ge, 69696969As, As, As, As, 83838383----84848484Se,Se,Se,Se, 92929292Sr, Sr, Sr, Sr, 118,120,122,124118,120,122,124118,120,122,124118,120,122,124Ag, Ag, Ag, Ag, 128, 132128, 132128, 132128, 132----134134134134Sn, Sn, Sn, Sn, 129129129129Sb,Sb,Sb,Sb,129,132,134,136129,132,134,136129,132,134,136129,132,134,136TeTeTeTe
2 - 10
tandem
(-ve ion source)
Nuclear Structure,
Astrophysics
ISAC TRIUMFISAC TRIUMFISAC TRIUMFISAC TRIUMF
(CANADA) (CANADA) (CANADA) (CANADA) 2000200020002000
500 MeV
protons
50 8,9,118,9,118,9,118,9,11Li, Li, Li, Li, 11111111Be, Be, Be, Be, 18181818F, F, F, F, 20202020----22, 2422, 2422, 2422, 24----29292929Na,Na,Na,Na,23232323Mg, Mg, Mg, Mg, 26262626AlAlAlAl
1.5 - 5
linac
Astrophysics,
Condensed matter,
Nuclear Structure
SPIRAL GANILSPIRAL GANILSPIRAL GANILSPIRAL GANIL
(FRANCE) (FRANCE) (FRANCE) (FRANCE) 2001200120012001
100 MeV/u
heavy ions
6 6,86,86,86,8He, He, He, He, 14,15,1914,15,1914,15,1914,15,19----21212121O,O,O,O, 18181818F, F, F, F, 17171717----19,2319,2319,2319,23----26262626Ne, Ne, Ne, Ne, 33333333----35, 44,4635, 44,4635, 44,4635, 44,46Ar, Ar, Ar, Ar, 74747474----77777777KrKrKrKr
2 - 25
cyclotron
Nuclear structure,
Astrophysics
REX ISOLDEREX ISOLDEREX ISOLDEREX ISOLDE
(CERN)(CERN)(CERN)(CERN)
2001200120012001
1.4 GeV
protons
3 8,98,98,98,9Li, Li, Li, Li, 10101010----12121212BeBeBeBe,10,10,10,10CCCC, 17, 17, 17, 17F, F, F, F, 24242424----29292929Na, Na, Na, Na, 28282828----28,3028,3028,3028,30----
32323232Mg,Mg,Mg,Mg,61616161----62626262Mn, Mn, Mn, Mn, 61616161----62626262Fe, Fe, Fe, Fe, 68686868Ni, Ni, Ni, Ni, 67676767----73737373Cu, Cu, Cu, Cu, 74,76,78,8074,76,78,8074,76,78,8074,76,78,80Zn, Zn, Zn, Zn, 70707070Se, Se, Se, Se, 88,9288,9288,9288,92Kr, Kr, Kr, Kr, 96969696Sr, Sr, Sr, Sr, 108108108108In, In, In, In, 106,108,110106,108,110106,108,110106,108,110Sn, Sn, Sn, Sn, 100,102,104,122,124,126100,102,104,122,124,126100,102,104,122,124,126100,102,104,122,124,126Cd, Cd, Cd, Cd, 138,140,142,144138,140,142,144138,140,142,144138,140,142,144Xe, Xe, Xe, Xe, 140,142,148140,142,148140,142,148140,142,148BaBaBaBa 148148148148Pm, Pm, Pm, Pm, 153153153153Sm, Sm, Sm, Sm, 156156156156Eu, Eu, Eu, Eu, 182,184,186,188182,184,186,188182,184,186,188182,184,186,188Hg, Hg, Hg, Hg, 202,204202,204202,204202,204RnRnRnRn
0.3 - 3
linac
Nuclear structure,
Condensed matter, Astrophysics
So far 63 radioactive isotopes of 24 elements
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Users & Science
450 users 25 countries; 100 institutions175 projects (4 years)
E4%
F19%
S5%
P3%
PL5%
FIN3%
D29%
DK 3%
OTH 6%
IRL <1%BG 1%
NO 1%UK 4%
IL 1%
B11%
I 1%CZ 1%
RO 2%
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A rich basket
• Solid-state studies • Mass measurements• Moments and radii• Decay studies• Coulomb excitation• Elastic scattering• Transfer reactions
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The many lives of ISOLDE
Thanks to– The primary beams of CERN
• Almost the whole nuclear chart is available when combined with e.g. 238U
– Continuous target-ion source techniques• Laser ion source
– Innovative beam manipulation• Rex concept
– Innovative experimental set-ups• Collaps, ISOLTRAP, MiniBall, Witch, …
– Strong users community
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The fifth decade of ISOLDE
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Technical goals for HIE-ISOLDE
� ENERGY: REX energy upgrade and increase of current capacity • Energy upgrade in 3 stages: 5.5 MeV and 10 MeV/u and lower energy
capacity
� INTENSITY: ISOLDE proton driver beam intensity upgrade -strongly linked to PS Booster improvements including linac4
• Faster cycling of the booster• New target stations for ISOLDE• New targets• New target handling system
� QUALITY: ISOLDE radioactive ion beam quality – more than half already financed through the ISOLDE collaboration
• Smaller longitudinal and transverse emittance• Done – RFQ cooler operational
• RILIS upgrade and LARIS construction• Done
• Charge breeder upgrade• Better mass resolution• Continue target and ion source developments
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Upgrade of the on-line RILIS
Two dye lasers were applied at 1st step of excitation - x 2.2
More power could be delivered to HRS target at the 2nd step of excitation
Ga ion beam has been produced with the SSL
Diode Pumped Solid State Nd:YAG Lasers as replacement of Copper Vapor Lasers:
Green Beams
45 W @ 511 nm
Yellow Beams
35 W @ 578 nm
•CVL
Green Beams
92 W @ 532 nm
UV Beam
18 W @ 355 nm
IR Beam
45 W @ 1064 nm
SSL15 ns @ 11 kHz 8 ns @ 10 kHz
CVLλλ =2
DLλλ2
11 =
SSLλλ =2
DLλλ2
11 =
•46%•54%
•46%
Improvement of ionization efficiency by SSL :
And CVLs are still available for runs …
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Shape coexistence in the Pb region182Pb: T1/2 55 ms 1 count/min
186Pb
A.Andreyev et al. Nature, 405, 30 (2000)
Resonant Laser IonizationPb:Po: T. Cocolios et al., under analysis
ISOLDE; more than 30 years ago
H. De Witte et al. PRL 98 (2007) 112501
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ISCOOL: RFQ-COOLER
• Results + further studies– High transmission efficiencies
• Space charge limits (up to 108/s)– 10 x decrease in emittance
• Easy beam tuning– Bunching
• New applications (see further)– Yield measurements: continuous vs.
bunched– Losses due to trapping time
75GaContinuous photon counting
Photons gated by ion bunch
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Spin assignment from in-source laser spectroscopy
Yield of 75Cu ~ 5x104/uC5 out of 6 peaks resolved
Kieran Flanagan et al.
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Beam manipulation in REXTRAP and REX-EBIS
Jarno Van De Walle et al.
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3 stages installation
1.2 MeV/u
1.2 MeV/u
3 MeV/u
3 MeV/u
5.5 MeV/u
5.5 MeV/u
10 MeV/u
10 MeV/u
The proposed HIE-LINAC
Matteo Passini
Review panel of HIE-LINAC R&D work
15-16 June 2009
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Beam parameters
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The proposed HIE-LINAC layout
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What becomes possible with the upgrade
• Intensity– Not a step function but important for all users
• Quality of the beam– ISCOOL
• Energy of the beam– Solid-state physics
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Solid-state physics
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What becomes possible with the upgrade
• Intensity– Not a step function but important for all users
• Quality of the beam– ISCOOL
• Energy of the beam– Solid-state physics– Nuclear physics
• Decay studies
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Implantation-decay taggingSuccessfully used at LLN, TRIUMF, KVI
Rare charged-particle decay studies
Bf,i Bf,e
Spontaneous fission
EC/β+
ββββDF
γγγγ
γ
γ
γ
γγ
a
Andrei Andreyev, RiccardoRaabe et al.
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What becomes possible with the upgrade
• Intensity– Not a step function but important for all users
• Quality of the beam– ISCOOL
• Energy of the beam– Solid-state physics– Nuclear physics
• Decay studies• Coulomb excitation
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30,31,32Mg
67,69,71,73Cu, 68Cu, 70(m)Cu68Ni
74,76,78,80Zn28
50
20 40 50 82 182,184,186,188Hg
82
70Se 96Sr, 88Kr, 92Kr
20
The Coulex program
122,124Cd138,140Xe140,148,150Ba
106,108,110Sn
202,204Rn
61,62Mn, 61,62Fe
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Coulomb excitation
0+
2+
4+
0+
2+4+
0
352
930
328
549613
0+
2+
4+
0+
2+4+
0
367
1089
375
534653
0+
2+
4+
0
405
1080
523621808
0+2+4+
0+
2+
4+
0+2+
4+
0
413
1005
824881
1208
182Hg 184Hg 186Hg 188Hg
1 12 0+ +→
1 14 2+ +→
2 12 0+ +→
1121 12 0Cd + +→
98+/-14
1 14 2+ +→Hg x rays
Hg x rays
coincidences with 1 12 0+ +→
2 12 2+ +→
Nick Bree, Andrew Petts et al.
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A step function in the Coulomb excitation studies
• Coulex will preferentially populated states strongly coupled to g.s.– Non-yrast states
• Distinction between prolate and oblate deformation• Degree of collectivity and degree of mixing can be deduced
Coulex @ SPIRAL
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What becomes possible with the upgrade
• Intensity– Not a step function but important for all users
• Quality of the beam– ISCOOL
• Energy of the beam– Solid-state physics– Nuclear physics
• Decay studies• Coulomb excitation• Nuclear reactions
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Nuclear reactions for astrophysics
• Lower energies are needed• Adopted instrumentation
– See e.g. TUDA
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A step function in transfer reaction studies
• Due to the higher energy– Higher cross sections– Better detection sensitivity– Less model dependence of
spectroscopic factors– Dedicated recoil spectrometer
Courtesy Vinzenz Bildstein
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Search for the second 0+ state in 32Mg applying a two-neutron transfer reaction
Tritium loaded Titanium foil0.5 mg/cm2 Ti foilatomic ratio 3H/Ti 1.5Beam intensity 4x104 30Mg/s
Kathrin Wimmer et al.
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Roadmap to HIE-ISOLDE
• The HIE-ISOLDE project is a participative project– Direct member state contributions should be at least 50%
• The first phase has been launched– RFQ cooler
• UK, Germany, France and Finland
– RILIS replacement• Sweden
– LINAC development and prototyping• Belgium
• Different grant requests are in progress• Discussion at the CERN level on the MidTermPlan are
ongoing
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Thanks and you are all kindly invited to: