Recent Advances in Homoeopathic Pharmacy - NHMA

Recent Advances in Recent Advances in HomoeopathyHomoeopathy

Dr. R. Valavan, BHMS, MD (Hom.Pharm)Dr. R. Valavan, BHMS, MD (Hom.Pharm)

Manager – Scientific AffairsManager – Scientific Affairs

Dr. Willmar Schwabe India Pvt. Ltd.Dr. Willmar Schwabe India Pvt. Ltd.

Noida, UPNoida, UP

Recent Advances in Homoeopathic Recent Advances in Homoeopathic Pharmacy can be Categorized intoPharmacy can be Categorized into

Homoeopathic Drug ManufacturingHomoeopathic Drug Manufacturing Manufacturing techniquesManufacturing techniques Good Manufacturing PracticesGood Manufacturing Practices Advancements in PharmacopoeiasAdvancements in Pharmacopoeias Quality ControlQuality Control

• PharmacognosyPharmacognosy• Pharmaceutical AnalysisPharmaceutical Analysis

Drug Proving (Homoeopathic Pathogenetic Trial)Drug Proving (Homoeopathic Pathogenetic Trial) Basic ResearchBasic Research OthersOthers

Homoeopathic Drug ManufacturingHomoeopathic Drug ManufacturingManufacturing TechniquesManufacturing Techniques

Succussion – ManualSuccussion – Manual


Automatic PotentiserAutomatic Potentiser


Manual TrituratorsManual Triturators


Mechanical Mechanical TrituratorsTriturators

Homoeopathic Drug ManufacturingHomoeopathic Drug ManufacturingGood Manufacturing PracticesGood Manufacturing Practices

Location and surroundingLocation and surrounding Building and roomsBuilding and rooms Water qualityWater quality Disposal of wasteDisposal of waste Container managementContainer management Arrangement for personal cleanliness of workersArrangement for personal cleanliness of workers Standard operating practices (SOPs)Standard operating practices (SOPs) TestingTesting Warehousing of materialsWarehousing of materials

Homoeopathic Drug ManufacturingHomoeopathic Drug ManufacturingGood Manufacturing PracticesGood Manufacturing Practices

Epoxy flooringEpoxy flooring Air Handling Units (AHU) and High Air Handling Units (AHU) and High

Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) FiltersEfficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters Extra-neutral Alcohol (ENA)Extra-neutral Alcohol (ENA)

Epoxy flooringEpoxy flooring

Advancements in PharmacopoeiasAdvancements in Pharmacopoeias

Uniform drug strengthUniform drug strength Introducing proper method to prepare Introducing proper method to prepare

nosodesnosodes Particle size of 10 microns at 1x levelParticle size of 10 microns at 1x level Introducing modern methods of Introducing modern methods of

standardisation like TLC and HPLCstandardisation like TLC and HPLC Recommending special and stringent Recommending special and stringent

storage conditions for certain drugsstorage conditions for certain drugs

Quality Control - PharmacognosyQuality Control - Pharmacognosy

Microscopical examination of plant drugsMicroscopical examination of plant drugs Anatomical study of drug materialAnatomical study of drug material Various parts of herbal drugsVarious parts of herbal drugs

Preliminary phyto-chemical screeningPreliminary phyto-chemical screening Successive solvent extraction (Quantitative)Successive solvent extraction (Quantitative) Qualitative chemical examinationQualitative chemical examination

Thin Layer ChromatographyThin Layer Chromatography UV SpectroscopyUV Spectroscopy HPLCHPLC

Passiflora – Microscopical Passiflora – Microscopical ExaminationExamination

Sabina – Microscopical Sabina – Microscopical ExaminationExamination

Quality Control - Pharmaceutical Quality Control - Pharmaceutical AnalysisAnalysis

Spectral methodsSpectral methods Visible spectroscopyVisible spectroscopy UV spectroscopyUV spectroscopy IR spectroscopyIR spectroscopy NMR spectroscopyNMR spectroscopy Atomic absorption spectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopy

Chromatographic methodsChromatographic methods TLC, GC, HPLC, etc.TLC, GC, HPLC, etc.

Electro-chemical techniquesElectro-chemical techniques PotentiometryPotentiometry ConductometryConductometry PolarographyPolarography

TitrimetryTitrimetry

Sabina - TLCSabina - TLC

Salix alba, Salix nigra & Salix Salix alba, Salix nigra & Salix purpurea - TLCpurpurea - TLC

UV SpectroscopyUV Spectroscopy

Drug Proving (Pathogenetic Trial)Drug Proving (Pathogenetic Trial)

Methodological flaws in Hahnemannian Drug Methodological flaws in Hahnemannian Drug provings & minimization strategies in modern provings & minimization strategies in modern HPTs.HPTs.

Drug Proving (Pathogenetic Trial)Drug Proving (Pathogenetic Trial)

Methodological Methodological flawsflaws

ConsequencesConsequences Minimization Minimization strategiesstrategies

Absence of Absence of control groupscontrol groups

Overestimate of Overestimate of medicine effects medicine effects (random symptom + (random symptom + medicine symptom)medicine symptom)

Use of Use of comparative comparative placebo group.placebo group.

Use of well Use of well known friends known friends as proversas provers

Overestimate of Overestimate of medicine effectsmedicine effects

(placebo effect to (placebo effect to please master please master prover)prover)

Use of non Use of non subservient subservient provers + provers + placebo placebo comparison)comparison)

Provers were Provers were informed informed about about medicinemedicine


(Expectancy + (Expectancy + conditioning effect)conditioning effect)

Masked medicine Masked medicine & placebo group)& placebo group)

Recording all Recording all symptoms & symptoms & signs.signs.


(Medicine symptoms (Medicine symptoms + naturally occurring + naturally occurring symptoms)symptoms)

Keep pre- Keep pre- observation period observation period + predefined + predefined criteria for selection criteria for selection of pathogenetic of pathogenetic effecteffect

Absence of Absence of masking masking provers & provers & supervisorssupervisors

Overestimate of Overestimate of medicine effects medicine effects (selective perception (selective perception + investigators + investigators effect)effect)

Double masking of Double masking of provers & provers & supervisorssupervisors

Close Close supervision & supervision & daily recording of daily recording of symptomssymptoms


(Hawthorne effects)(Hawthorne effects)

Moderate Moderate supervision & supervision & standard standard questionsquestions

Sudden Sudden prohibition of tea, prohibition of tea, coffee etccoffee etc

Overestimate of Overestimate of medicine effects medicine effects (effects of (effects of abstinence & abstinence & surfacing of hidden surfacing of hidden symptoms)symptoms)

Observation of Observation of provers as usual. provers as usual.

Definite exclusion Definite exclusion criteria.criteria.

Vague definition Vague definition of healthy of healthy proversprovers


(symptoms related (symptoms related to prior & current to prior & current disease)disease)

Definite inclusion Definite inclusion & exclusion & exclusion criteria. Use of criteria. Use of validated validated questionnairequestionnaire

Basic ResearchBasic ResearchElectromagnetic Signals Are Produced by

Aqueous Nanostructures Derived from Bacterial DNA Sequences

A novel property of DNA is described: the capacity of some bacterial DNA sequences to induce electromagnetic waves at high aqueous dilutions. It appears to be a resonance phenomenon triggered by the ambient electromagnetic background of very low frequency waves. The genomic DNA of most pathogenic bacteria contains sequences which are able to generate such signals. This opens the way to the development of highly sensitive detection system for chronic bacterial infections in human and animal diseases.

Basic ResearchBasic ResearchElectromagnetic Signals Are Produced by Aqueous

Nanostructures Derived from Bacterial DNA Sequences …Contd…

Pathogenic bacteria and viruses show a distinct EM Pathogenic bacteria and viruses show a distinct EM signature at dilutions ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-12) signature at dilutions ranging from 10(-5) to 10(-12) (corresponding to 5X to 12X) and that small DNA fragments (corresponding to 5X to 12X) and that small DNA fragments (responsible for pathogenicity) were solely accountable for (responsible for pathogenicity) were solely accountable for the EM signalthe EM signal..

EM signature changed with dilution levels but was EM signature changed with dilution levels but was unaffected by the initial concentration and remained even unaffected by the initial concentration and remained even after the remaining DNA fragments were destroyed by after the remaining DNA fragments were destroyed by chemical agents.chemical agents.

Ref.:Ref.:Luc Montagnier, Jamal Aissa, Stéphane Ferris, Jean-Luc Montagnier, Claude Lavallee, Luc Montagnier, Jamal Aissa, Stéphane Ferris, Jean-Luc Montagnier, Claude Lavallee,

Electromagnetic Signals Are Produced by Aqueous Nanostructures Derived from Bacterial DNA Electromagnetic Signals Are Produced by Aqueous Nanostructures Derived from Bacterial DNA

Sequences. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci (2009) 1: 81-90.Sequences. Interdiscip Sci Comput Life Sci (2009) 1: 81-90.

Basic ResearchBasic Research

Thermoluminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride and sodium chloride

Ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride and sodium chloride (10−30 g cm−3) have been irradiated by X- and γ- rays at 77 K, then progressively re-warmed to room temperature. During that phase, their thermoluminescence has been studied and it was found that, despite their dilution beyond the Avogadro number, the emitted light was specific of the original salts dissolved initially.

Rey Louis, “Thermoluminescence of Ultra – High Dilutions of Lithium Chloride and Sodium Chloride”, Physica A, 2003; 323: 67-74. Available also in the web page: www.vhan.nl/documents/Rey.thermoluminescence.pdf

Study of Thyroxin in tadpolesStudy of Thyroxin in tadpoles The study of Thyroxin 30x in tadpoles (larval frog), has The study of Thyroxin 30x in tadpoles (larval frog), has

showed the inhibition of growth of tadpoles. Also, when a showed the inhibition of growth of tadpoles. Also, when a glass bottle containing Homoeopathic dilution of Thyroxin glass bottle containing Homoeopathic dilution of Thyroxin hormone (30x) is suspended in the tank of tadpoles, hormone (30x) is suspended in the tank of tadpoles, without any contact with the water, the growth of tadpoles without any contact with the water, the growth of tadpoles was inhibited. The research was replicated at several was inhibited. The research was replicated at several laboratories with consistency in results. The implications of laboratories with consistency in results. The implications of this study are significant, in showing that Homoeopathic this study are significant, in showing that Homoeopathic medicines have some type of radiational effect through medicines have some type of radiational effect through glass. This radiational effect may be tested with various glass. This radiational effect may be tested with various homoeopathic medicines and the results recorded for homoeopathic medicines and the results recorded for further studies.further studies.

Endler. P.C., Pongratz. W., Smith. C.W. et al., Endler. P.C., Pongratz. W., Smith. C.W. et al., “Non-Molecular Information Transfer From “Non-Molecular Information Transfer From Thyroxine to FrogsThyroxine to Frogs”, available in the web page: www.giriweb.com/endler.htm”, available in the web page: www.giriweb.com/endler.htm


Study with dexamethasoneStudy with dexamethasone The interaction of dexamethasone 10The interaction of dexamethasone 10−17−17 and 10 and 10−33−33 M (equivalent to 7CH and 15CH) M (equivalent to 7CH and 15CH)

with dexamethasone in pharmacological concentrations was evaluated, using as with dexamethasone in pharmacological concentrations was evaluated, using as experimental models: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan.experimental models: acute inflammation induced by carrageenan.

Animals were treated with the following preparations: (1) phosphate buffer saline Animals were treated with the following preparations: (1) phosphate buffer saline (PBS) solution; (2) dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg for inflammation model or 4 mg/kg (PBS) solution; (2) dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg for inflammation model or 4 mg/kg for tumour model) mixed with dexamethasone 7CH or 15CH; (3) dexamethasone for tumour model) mixed with dexamethasone 7CH or 15CH; (3) dexamethasone (same doses) mixed in PBS.(same doses) mixed in PBS.

Homoeopathic dexamethasone partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect Homoeopathic dexamethasone partially blocked the anti-inflammatory effect of pharmacological dexamethasone with regard to paw oedema (two-way of pharmacological dexamethasone with regard to paw oedema (two-way ANOVA, ANOVA, PP≤0.0008) and polymorphonuclear cell migration (χ2, ≤0.0008) and polymorphonuclear cell migration (χ2, PP=0.0001).=0.0001).

Potentised dexamethasone restored control levels of tumour infiltrating leucocytes Potentised dexamethasone restored control levels of tumour infiltrating leucocytes (TIL) viability, compared to mice treated with pharmacological doses of (TIL) viability, compared to mice treated with pharmacological doses of dexamethasone (χ2, dexamethasone (χ2, PP≤0.001).≤0.001).

The results demonstrate that a potentised substance may change its own The results demonstrate that a potentised substance may change its own pharmacological effects and suggest that ultradilutions effects act mostly on pharmacological effects and suggest that ultradilutions effects act mostly on host response.host response.

LV Bonamin, KS Martinho, AL Nina, F Caviglia and RGW Do Rio, Very high dilutions of dexamethasone inhibit its LV Bonamin, KS Martinho, AL Nina, F Caviglia and RGW Do Rio, Very high dilutions of dexamethasone inhibit its pharmacological effects in vivo, British Homoeopathic journal, Volume 90, Issue 4, October 2001, Pages 198-203pharmacological effects in vivo, British Homoeopathic journal, Volume 90, Issue 4, October 2001, Pages 198-203


Ultra low dose aspirin on platelet activity in portal hypertension This study aimed to investigate the mechanism involved in the potentially beneficial

effect of ultra low dose aspirin (ULDA) in prehepatic portal hypertension. Rats were pretreated with selective COX (Cyclooxygenase) 1 or 2 inhibitors (SC-560

or NS-398 respectively), and subsequently injected with ULDA or placebo. The ULDA was prepared similar to homoeopathic preparation and the dilution used was equivalent to 15C or 30X.

Results: The portal hypertensive group receiving a placebo showed a decreased in vivo platelet activity with prolonged IHT (induced haemorrhagic time), an effect that was normalized by ULDA. SC-560 induced a mild antithrombotic effect in the normal rats, and an unmodified effect of ULDA. NS-398 had a mild prothrombotic action in portal hypertensive rats, similar to ULDA, but inhibited a further effect when ULDA was added. An increased 6-keto-PGF1α was observed in portal hypertensive group that was normalised after ULDA administration

Results suggest that the effect of ULDA on platelet activity in portal hypertensive rats, could act through a COX 2 pathway more than the COX 1, predominant for aspirin at higher doses.

Ref.:Francisco X Eizayaga, Omar Aguejouf, Vanessa Desplat, et al., Modifications produced by selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and ultra low dose aspirin on platelet activity in portal hypertension, World J Gastroenterol 2007 October 14; 13(38): 5065-5070


Histamine dilutions and basophil activationHistamine dilutions and basophil activation Many such studies have been carried out on stimulating Many such studies have been carried out on stimulating

the basophil by highly diluted Histamine. Histamine is the basophil by highly diluted Histamine. Histamine is known to elicit a negative feedback effect on anti-IgE known to elicit a negative feedback effect on anti-IgE and allergen-induced basophil activation. A series of and allergen-induced basophil activation. A series of experiments performed between 1981 and 1995 using a experiments performed between 1981 and 1995 using a manual method showed biological activity of highly manual method showed biological activity of highly diluted histamine. J. diluted histamine. J. Benveniste’s work on this is Benveniste’s work on this is significant. significant. Most of the experiments used histamine in Most of the experiments used histamine in the range 10−30 (15C)–10−36 M (18C). These results the range 10−30 (15C)–10−36 M (18C). These results were confirmed by automated flow cytometry. This were confirmed by automated flow cytometry. This method is based on the selection of basophils by anti-method is based on the selection of basophils by anti-IgE and analysis of basophil activation by anti-CD 63.IgE and analysis of basophil activation by anti-CD 63.


OthersOthers

International JournalsInternational Journals Online ResourcesOnline Resources Homoeopathic SoftwaresHomoeopathic Softwares Homoeopathic RadioHomoeopathic Radio

International JournalsInternational Journals Homeopathy (Formerly British Homoeopathic Journal) Homeopathy (Formerly British Homoeopathic Journal)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14754916http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/14754916 The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine http://http://

www.liebertpub.com/products/product.aspx?pidwww.liebertpub.com/products/product.aspx?pid=26=26 Internation Journal of High Dilution Research Internation Journal of High Dilution Research http://http://

www.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/indexwww.feg.unesp.br/~ojs/index.php/ijhdr/index Physica A Physica A http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784371http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03784371 American Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine American Journal of Homoeopathic Medicine

http://www.homeopathyusa.org/journalhttp://www.homeopathyusa.org/journal Homoeopathic LinksHomoeopathic Links Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy http://ccrhindia.org/ijrh.asphttp://ccrhindia.org/ijrh.asp Asian Journal of HomoeopathyAsian Journal of Homoeopathy

Email : Email : [email protected]@yahoo.com

Online ResourcesOnline Resources

HomoeopathicHomoeopathic http://homeoint.orghttp://homeoint.org www.hpathy.comwww.hpathy.com http://www.homeopathic.comhttp://www.homeopathic.com http://www.similima.comhttp://www.similima.com http://www.homeopathyhome.comhttp://www.homeopathyhome.com

Online ResourcesOnline Resources

MedicalMedical MedlinePlusMedlinePlus

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encyclopedia.html Mayo ClinicMayo Clinic

http://www.mayoclinic.comhttp://www.mayoclinic.com MerckMerck

http://www.merck.comhttp://www.merck.com WikipediaWikipedia

http://www.wikipedia.orghttp://www.wikipedia.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

Homoeopathic RadioHomoeopathic Radio

Homoeopathy radio stationHomoeopathy radio station www.vitalforceradio.comwww.vitalforceradio.com

Homoeopathic SoftwaresHomoeopathic Softwares

AdvantagesAdvantages Repertorisation made easyRepertorisation made easy Case taking made easyCase taking made easy Record keeping made easyRecord keeping made easy Online case recordsOnline case records

Homoeopathic SoftwaresHomoeopathic Softwares

RadarRadar HompathHompath OpenRepOpenRep MacRepertoryMacRepertory KenboKenbo ISISISIS MercuriusMercurius Vital Quest – Case taking softwareVital Quest – Case taking software Doctor24x7Doctor24x7

RADARRADAR RADAR is an acronym of RADAR is an acronym of RRapid apid AAid id

to to DDrug rug AAimed imed RResearchesearch It has mainly 3 componentsIt has mainly 3 components

RADARRADAR• Repertory systems an analysisRepertory systems an analysis• Expert systemExpert system• Concept and themesConcept and themes

Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica (EH)Encyclopaedia Homoeopathica (EH)• Materia medicaMateria medica• Reference Reference

WinchipWinchip• Patient registerPatient register

KenboKenbo• Case taking softwareCase taking software

ConclusionConclusion

More advancements are to be brought into More advancements are to be brought into the field of homoeopathy.the field of homoeopathy.

ConclusionConclusion

It is our responsibility to It is our responsibility to conduct researches as conduct researches as

many as possible and bring many as possible and bring up more advancements in up more advancements in homoeopathy in general homoeopathy in general

and homoeopathic and homoeopathic pharmacy in particularpharmacy in particular

THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Recent Advances in Homoeopathic Pharmacy - NHMA

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