WEEK  15  +  16  (MIDPOINT)  Recap,  Typography,  Illustrator  Text,  Objects  Panel  continued  

RECAP  

§  Color  and  Emotions  ú  Hue,  Value,  Saturation,  Temperature  ú  Tone  

§  Choosing  color  in  Illustrator  §  Project  2    

Typography  +  History  Who  gets  credit?  

What  is  type?  

§  A  set  of  symbols  used  in  communication.  §  Statement  of  culture  §  Past  2  decades  many  symbols  have  been  added  because  of  the  computer.  ú  ;D    ú  <3  

§  Most  powerful  form  of  communication  

What  is  typography  

§  The  study  of  type.  §  The  art  and  process  of  arranging  type  on  a  page.  

History  of  Type  

§  Johannes  Gutenberg,  15th  century  Germany  §  Created  movable  type,  Blackletter  

Others  followed  

§  Renaissance  artists  looked  for  standardization  of  proportions  

§  Louis  X1V  wanted  to  construct  roman  letters.  §  18th  century  type  influenced  by  new  styles  of  handwriting.  ú  John  Baskerville  ú  Times  New  Roman  

Birth  of  BIG  fonts  

§  Vendors  with  goods  and  services  §  Incorporated  illustration  and  type  to  spread  the  message  

§  Explosion  of  advertising  §  Big,  bold  faces  to  attract    

attention  

Anatomy  of  a  Type  

Anatomy  of  a  Type  

Typeface  vs.  Font  

§  Typeface    ú  A  single  set  of  characters  that  share  stylistic  unity.  ú  Comprises  an  alphabet  of  letters,  numbers,  punctuation  and  diacritical  marks.  

§  Font  ú  A  complete  character  set  of  a  particular  typeface  in  one  size.    

Font  Classification  

6  Categories  of  Fonts  

§  Old  Style    §  Modern  §  Slab  Serif  §  Sans  Serif  §  Script  §  Decorative  

Old  style  

§  Based  on  handlettering  of  scribes  §  Have  serifs  §  Examples  

ú  Goudy

ú  Palantino!ú  Times ú  Baskerville

Modern  

§  Have  serifs  §  Have  a  striking  appearance  §  Tend  to  have  cold,  elegant  look  §  Examples  

ú  Times Bold ú  Onyx

ú  Lucinda Bright

Slab  Serif  

§  Have  little  or  no  thick/thin  transition  §  Clarendon  §  Use  in  children’s  books  §  Have  serifs  §  Examples  

ú  Rockwell ú  Courier Bold!

Sans  Serif  

§  Typefaces  without  serifs  on  the  ends  of  the  strokes  

§  Monoweight—no  visual  thick/thin  transition  §  Examples  

ú  Verdana ú  Letter Gothic ú  Futura�ú  Helvetica"

Script  

§  Simulate  handwriting  or  calligraphy  §  Used  in  formal  occasions  §  Examples  

ú  Lucida Calligraphy ú  Monotype Corsiva

Decorative  

§  Often  used  for  art  projects  §  Examples  

ú  Playbill ú  Rosewood Standard

ú  Chalkduster

Structure  and  Optics  

§  Spacing  of  letters  in  words,  sentences  and  paragraphs  

§  Type  sizes  and  spaces  §  Visual  variations  §  Selecting  typefaces  

ú  issues  

Letterspacing    §  Goal  is  to  create  a  uniform  “gray”  value  for  

minimal  reader  distraction.  §  Every  typeface  has  distinct  strokes  and  spaces.  

§  Relationship  between  these  2  characteristics  defines  the  optimal  spacing  of  that  typeface,  which  transcends  to  the  spacing  between  words,  lines,  and  paragraphs.    

Kerning  +  Leading  

§  Leading:  The  amount  of  horizontal  space  between  two  lines  of  text  –  leading  is  measured  from  baseline  to  baseline.    

§  Kerning:  Adjusting  the  space  between  individual  letters  when  awkward  pauses  come  between  them.  

HISTORY OF CD COVERS

THE BEGINNINGS

" Album  Cover  Art  " Cover  Art  good  cultural  barometers  " 50’s,  60’s,  70’s,  80’s  

" Sergeant  Peppers  Lonely  Hearts  Club  Band  was  a  turning  point  " had  cut-­‐out  inserts,  lyrics,  a  gatefold  

sleeve    

" A  component  of  the  over  all  packaging  of  an  album.  

CONTENTS OF A COVER

" Serve  the  purpose  of  advertising  the  musical  contents  on  the  LP,  through  the  use  of  graphic  design,  photography  and/or  illustration.  

" Contains  the  artist's  name,  sometimes  in  logo  form,  album  title,  sometimes  tracks,  and  branding  

" Famous  cover  art  

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLES

DESIGNING YOUR COVER

PROCESS  

Project 3 Instructions/Guides

What’s your direction?

" What  does  wild  mean?  " Occurring,  growing,  or  living  in  a  natural  state;  not  domesticated,  

cultivated,  or  tamed  " Extravagant;  fantastic  " Full  of,  marked  by,  or  suggestive  of  strong,  emotion  

" What  does  exciting  intensity  mean?  " Who  is  your  Jictitious  band?  " What  type  of  direction?  Futuristic?  GrafJiti?  Grunge?  RB?  Whimsical?  Edgy?  " All  these  have  styles.  Choose  one,  stay  true  to  direction.  " Cohesiveness  

" Remember  non-­‐offensive.  

RESEARCH

SKETCHING + SCANNING

4 sketches will be submitted with CD cover as well as a 1 page paperon your creative process and elements used.

CD COVER in Progress

Student Examples

Student Examples

Glue Tab

Glue Tab

Front

Back First Folds

Second Fold

FrontBackInside Inside

1 2 3

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Project 3 Rubrics

Type  Sizes  and  Spacing  

§  Setting  type  smaller  or  larger  than  the  optimal  reading  size  for  text.  ú  Efficient  reading  of  long  texts  (books,  newspaper,  etc.)     Type  size  ranges  between  9  pt.  to  14  pts.  

§  Note:  ú  Decrease  type  size  =  letterspace  increase  ú  Increase  type  size  =  letterspace  decrease  

ILLUSTRATOR  TYPE  What  can  we  do?  

Type  Panel  

Type  Panel  Options  §  Type:  Creates  type  that  is  not  associated  with  a  path.  You  

can  use  it  to  enter  type  along  the  edge  of  an  open  path  or  inside  a  closed  path.  

§  Area  Type:  Creates  type  inside  an  open  or  closed  path.  §  Type  on  a  Path:  Creates  type  along  the  outer  edge  of  an  

open  or  closed  path.  §  Vertical  Type:  Creates  vertical  text  and  works  like  the  

Type  tool.  

§  Vertical  Area  Type:  Creates  vertical  type  inside  an  open  or  closed  path.  

§  Vertical  Type  on  a  Path:  Creates  vertical  type  along  the  outer  edge  of  an  open  or  closed  path.  

Creating  Type  

§  Single  click  the  Type  tool’s  I-­‐beam  cursor  anywhere  on  page  to  create  a  point  text  box.  ú  Point  text  has  not  margins  or  frame  edges  

§  Area  Text  block  ú  Drag  the  Type  Tool  on  the  page  to  create  the  container  to  hold  the  text.  

Selecting  Text  

§  Several  Ways  1.  Drag  the  Type  tool  over  a  range  of  text  select  

those  characters.  2.  Double-­‐clicking  a  single  word  with  the  Type  tool.  

Triple  clicking  selects  an  entire  paragraph.  3.  Use  Command  +  Shift  +  Right/Left  arrow  keys  

selects  one  word  at  a  time.  4.  Use  the  Selection  tool  to  select  a  block  of  text,  

the  entire  block  is  selected.  (for  moving)  

Resizing  a  Text  Container  

§  Small  (+)  icon  will  appear  if  you  have  more  copy  than  container  space.  

§  Resize  the  text  block  by  displaying  the  bounding  box  (shift  +  cmd  +  B)  and  dragging  its  handles.  

Character  Panel  

Character  Panel  Breakdown  §  Fonts  

ú  Serifs  ú  San  Serifts  ú  Decoratives  ú  Scripts  ú  Dingbats  

§  Styles  ú  Roman,  Normal,  Regular,  Bold,  Oblique,  Heavy,  Light,  etc.  

Character  Panel  Breakdown  §  Size  

ú  Vertical  points.  ú  72  points  in  one  inch.  ú  Vertical  length  extends  from  the  descender  to  the  ascender.  

§  Leading  ú  Common  practice  is  to  set  the  leading  to  120%  of  the  base  typefeace.     I.E.  10  pt.  size  =  12  pt.  leading    

Character  Panel  Breakdown  §  Spacing:  Tracking,  

Kerning  ú  Kerning:  spacing  

between  2  characters  ú  Tracking:  spacing  

throughout  a  range  of  characters.  

ú  Common  practice  is  to  set  the  leading  to  120%  of  the  base  typefeace.     I.E.  10  pt.  size  =  12  pt.  leading  

   

Kerning  

§  Use  the  Tracking  Menu  ú  0  =  normal  ú  Negative  =  tighter  tracking  ú  Positive  =  increased  space  

§  High  quality  fonts  have  certain  common  kerning  pairs  built  into  the  fonts.  

§  Larger  types  used  in  headlines  require  manual  kerning  to  look  their  best.  

 

Letters’  Rule  

§  Position  their  outer  boundaries  against  one  another.    

Scaling  

§  To  condense  or  expand  the  height  and/or  the  width  of  type  characters.  

Baseline  Shift  

§  Imaginary  line  that  type  characters  sit  on.  ú  Subscript                H20  ú  Superscript        E=MC2  

 

Paragraph  Formatting  

§  Paragraph  Panel  ú  Options  that  affect  the  paragraph’s  alignment,  indents,  space  before  and  after  paragraphs.  

Alignment  §  5  alignment  choices  

ú  Flush  left  ú  Flush  right  ú  Align  center  ú  Justify  full  line  ú  All  lines  justify  

§  Indents  ú  Only  within  the  text  block.  

§  Space  Before  Paragraph  ú  Better  than  Hard  returns  (  5  or  6  pts.  for  12  pt.  text)  

Utilities  

§  Change  Case  §  Check  spelling  §  Find  Font  §  Find/Change  §  Smart  Punctuation  §  Rows  &  Columns  

TYPE  PATHS  

Type  Panel  

Type  on  Paths  

§  Type  in  Illustrator  is  not  restricted  to  just  the  square  text  box.  

§  Because  Illustrator  drawing  tools  create  objects  of  various  types,  we  can  go  back  and  use  these  paths  to  combine,  connect  or  attach  Text.  

Examples:  

Modifying  A  Path  

§  Change  the  alignment,  shape,  and  orientation  of  the  type  with  the  Type  on  a  Path  dialog  box.    

§  Apply  type  effects,  which  include  Rainbow,  Skew,  3D  Ribbon,  Stair  Step,  or  Gravity,  as  well  as  change  alignment  and  spacing.    

§  Flip  the  type  on  the  path.    

Modifying  A  Path  

§  Click  the  Type  menu,  point  to  Type  on  a  Path,  and  then  click  Type  on  a  Path  Options.  

§  Select  the  Preview  check  box  to  view  your  changes  in  the  document  window.  

§  Click  the  Effect  list  arrow,  and  then  select  an  effect:  Rainbow,  Skew,  3D  Ribbon,  Stair  Step,  or  Gravity.  

§  Click  the  Align  to  Path  list  arrow,  and  then  select  an  alignment  option:  Baseline,  Ascender,  Descender,  or  Center.  

Text  on  Circles  

§  Select  the  text  block  you  want  to  flip.  §  Double  Click  the  selection  arrow  on  the  I-­‐beam.  

Converting  Text  to  Graphics  

§  Type  >  Create  Outlines  §  Most  of  Illustrator’s  special  operations  and  filters  only  work  on  path  outlines.  

§  Once  converted  you  cannot  undo  unless  it’s  used  immediately  after  the  conversion.  

§  Prepare  files  that  need  to  be  opened  and  printed  from  a  remote  computer.  

 

Work  

§  Assignment  3:  Milk  Carton  (3.08)  §  Project  3:  CD  Cover  §  In  class  exercise:  Type  on  a  Circular  Path  §  Reading:  Chapter  8  (optional)