RECAP: WHAT’S HAPPENING McClellan has been removed from command by President Lincoln Gen. Don...
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Transcript of RECAP: WHAT’S HAPPENING McClellan has been removed from command by President Lincoln Gen. Don...
CHAPTER 18THE WINTER OF NORTHERN
DISCONTENT
RECAP: WHAT’S HAPPENING
McClellan has been removed from command by
President Lincoln• Gen. Don Carlos Buell has also been removed from
command in the West
President Lincoln is working out the final
preparations to pass the Emancipation Proclamation
The Confederacy is fervently trying to secure
European aid
THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBU
RG
In late 1862, Lincoln
replaced McClellan with
Ambrose E. Burnside
(left).
Burnside was a reluctant
commander and had
turned down this position
in the past, but Lincoln
had no other options at
this point.
THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG
Burnside quickly moved the Army of the Potomac south,
feinting towards the Orange and Alexandria RR while
actually moving towards Falmouth.
Burnside planned to move across the Rappahannock
River and swiftly march on Richmond, just over 50 miles
south of Falmouth.
For once Lincoln believed he had found an able and
dynamic general.
THE BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG
Unfortunately, Burnside’s pontoons did not arrive
on time.
This gave Lee and the Confederate army time to
occupy Fredericksburg and the heights
overlooking the town from the Southwest.
Movie time
AFTERMATH
The Union suffered 12,600 casualties to the
Confederacy’s sub-5,000.
The Union army retreated North once again in
defeat and Burnside was quickly removed from
command.
THE WAR IN THE WEST
During the final days of 1862, the Army of the
Cumberland under William Rosecrans engaged the
Army of Tennessee at Stones River, just outside of
Murfreesboro, TN.
On the night of Dec. 30th, the bands of the two
armies played popular songs back and forth to each
other.
THE BATTLE OF STONES RIVER
Like most battles, the Confederacy struck early in the morning,
surprised the Yankees, and appeared to have won the battle easily
on the first day.
And like most battles, the Union army rallied before the end of
the day and was able to stall the Confederate attacks the next day.
Union casualties: 31%
Confederate casualties: 33%
Highest combined rate of the war
THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN
During the debacle of Fredericksburg and the
battle of Stones River, General Ulysses S. Grant was
having troubles of his own in the Deep South.
The Union army had taken control of most of the
Mississippi River, with the exception of one major
city; Vicksburg.
THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN
Vicksburg sat at the top of a tall bluff overlooking a bend
in the Mississippi River. If the Union captured it, they would
have complete control over the Mississippi River.
For the first 4 months of 1863, Grant tried many different
methods to bypass Vicksburg altogether. None worked.
However, by late March, Grant had a risky plan that might
finally succeed.
THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN
Grant moved his troops overland south of Vicksburg and
sent his gunboats downriver past Vicksburg.
Overall, the plan worked: the boats made it past with
minimal casualties and were able to ferry Grant’s army
across the river onto the east bank, on the side of
Vicksburg.
Grant struck out east, took Jackson, then turned around
and headed for Vicksburg.
THE VICKSBURG CAMPAIGN
Once Grant reached Vicksburg, he had his troops
surround the city on the land side and moved his gunboats
in to cut the city off from the river.
However, for the first time in months, the Rebels turned
the Yankees away from Vicksburg in a series of frontal
assaults ordered by Grant.
In response, Grant settled down for a siege and waited for
the Southerner’s food and supplies to run out.
BACK EAST
After Burnside was removed from command,
General Joseph Hooker took his place.
Hooker, a fiery man, took many steps to revive
morale in the Army of the Potomac.
Hooker boasted that he had created the finest
army on the planet in late spring. And finally, he
began to move.
CHANCELLORSVILLE
Like Burnside, Hooker started off great. He divided his
forces, leaving 40,000 in front of Lee at Fredericksburg
while taking 70,000 downriver and moving in on Lee’s flank.
However, like Burnside and McClellan before him, when
Hookers forces encountered Lee’s near Chancellorsville on
May 1st, he chickened out and pulled back.
The following night, Lee found a way to outwit the Army of
the Potomac once again.
AFTER CHANCELLORSVILLE
In the night following the battle, General Stonewall
Jackson was mortally wounded by friendly fire and
would die soon after.
Grant was stuck in front of Vicksburg and Hooker
limped back north toward Washington with his army.
CONCLUSION
In the east, the Army of the Potomac was broken
multiple times by Robert E. Lee and the Army of
Northern Virginia, due to incompetent generaling.
In the west, General Grant was causing havoc and
threatened to finally take control of the Mississippi
and divide the Confederacy in two.