This is two or more

similar or different

ideas that can be form

to one common idea.

Juan is a Man

Juan is a Mortal

= A Man is a Mortal

-Renzo Peter &

Matthew Loves Cake

-Ceilo Theresa &

Kathlyn Loves Ice

Cream

-comes from the word “infer” which

means to observe thru senses. To

conclude a hypothesis.

Example: You look into the sky & the

clouds look dark so you infer “looks

like it’s going to rain” but really it

isn’t unless it will.

-a process of the mind which proceeds from one or more

propositions to other propositions whose meaning is already implied in

the former.

Example: All Men are Mortal

-comes from only one proposition that can be

reformulated to a new proposition which is exactly

the same meaning.

-it contains two terms the Subject & Predicate Term

Example: No Metals are Stones

S P

Reformulated: No Stones are Metal

P S

-we can also apply IMMEDIATE

INFERENCE in Math especially in

Addition and Multiplication.

Example:

2+3=5 reformulate 3+2=5

5x3=15 reformulate 3x5=15

-comes from only one proposition but

unlike Immediate Inference, when you

reformulate it to a new proposition the

meaning will be different.

Example: Water kills Fire

Reformulate: Fire kills Water

Eduction

-this is a kind of Immediate

Inference where a new

proposition is being

reformulated by interchanging

the Subject & Predicate Term.

1.CONVERSION

2.OBVERSION

3.CONTRAPOSITION

4.INVERSE

-this refers to the formulation of the proposition

by interchanging the Subject & Predicate Term

& the quality of the original proposition is

retained or the same.

Example: No Fish is a Mouse

S P

Converted: No Mouse is a Fish

P S

-new proposition is formulated by retaining the

Subject Term, however replace or change the

Predicate Term by its contradictory.

Example: Extinct Creatures are Dinosaur

S P

Obverse: Extinct Creatures are non-Dinosaur

S P

-new proposition is formulated by retaining the

Predicate Term, however replace or change its

Subject Term by its contradictory.

Example: Some Students are Studious

S P

Contraposit: Some non-Students are Studious

S P

-this is the method of Eduction

which the Subject & Predicate

Term are Contradictories of the

original Proposition.

-combination of Conversion,

Obversion & Contraposition.

*Conversion

Some Corrupt Individuals are Government Officials

*Obversion

Some Government Officials are non-Corrupt

Individuals

*Contraposition

Some non-Government Officials are Corrupt

Individuals

*Inverse

Some non-Corrupt Individuals are non-Government

Officials