real gas law: van der Waals

16
real gas law: van der Waals P 2.0 \ Liquid and \ Yapûr coexist Critical Gas F Gas A' \ point 1.0 ¡- I I I 0.0 1.5 0.5 D I rc A 2 3 4 Volumen VA/ r v FtG u R E 20-s Isothermsonthe PV diagramfora substance. For temperatures above the critical temperature d, the substance remains a gas at all pressules. Except for the region where the liquid and vapor coexist, these curr¡es are described quite well by the van der Waals equation. The pressure for the horizontal portions of the curves in the shaded region is tt'@lwhichisthePreSsureatwhichthevaporand1iquidare in equilibrium. In the region shaded yellow, to the left of the region shadecl pink, the substance is a liquíd and is nearly incompressible. r = l'08 T T,r = 1.2 Tr. Tk E Tk Tl= Tz = 0.94 Tr. k¡itischer Punkt K i c A B I t .pler

Transcript of real gas law: van der Waals

Page 1: real gas law: van der Waals

real gas law: van der Waals

P2.0

\Liquid and \

Yapûr coexist

Critical

GasF

Gas A'\

point

1.0

¡-

III0.0

1.5

0.5

D

I rcA

2 3 4

Volumen VA/ r vFtG u R E 20-s Isothermsonthe PV diagramfora substance. Fortemperatures above the critical temperature d, the substance remains a gasat all pressules. Except for the region where the liquid and vapor coexist,these curr¡es are described quite well by the van der Waals equation. Thepressure for the horizontal portions of the curves in the shaded region istt'@lwhichisthePreSsureatwhichthevaporand1iquidarein equilibrium. In the region shaded yellow, to the left of the region shadeclpink, the substance is a liquíd and is nearly incompressible.

r = l'08T

T,r = 1.2 Tr.

Tk

E

TkTl=

Tz = 0.94 Tr.

k¡itischer Punkt

K

i

cA

B

It

.pler

Page 2: real gas law: van der Waals

oL5qtooo-

oL3v,ool-fL

real gas law: van der Waals

PV diagram PT diagram

------------f

J

CriticaliPo¡nt

Vapour

p3tt

poSolid + Va ur , Vapour

¡duLiq

PointCritical

Volume Temperature

Uni Bristol

Page 3: real gas law: van der Waals

real gas law: van der Waals

Cloud foraúng behind an aircraft as it brcaks the sound barrier. As ttreaircraft moves through the air, an ar€a of low prce$urc forsrs behind itWtren the pressure of this air parcel fallÉ below the vapor præsure ofgasêous water, the water in the air condenses to fotrr the cloud. Diffierentatrræpheric csnditions caur¡e the pherromenon to occrrr at differentaircraft speeds. fU.S. Dryrtmarrt q DefenselPhttÐ Rmrchers, Inc.)

Tipler

Page 4: real gas law: van der Waals

reve rs¡ b le heat-\Mo rk tra nsformationCarnot cycle

P'' ,E

Fz, Vz

Fq,V+

p

T-= konst.l-ti{

VgFs''T.= konst. T-

V

Abb. 12.1 p-V-Diagramm des Carnot'schenKreisprozesses.

Trautwein

Page 5: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 7: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 8: real gas law: van der Waals

AF Q,.-t /.¿f +

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Page 9: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 10: real gas law: van der Waals

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O.re-Yt

ã, \,¿2,t"I ,.

Page 11: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 12: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 13: real gas law: van der Waals

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Page 15: real gas law: van der Waals

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