Real comm2e ch12
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Transcript of Real comm2e ch12
Chapter 12
Preparing and Researching
Presentations
• Describe the power of public speaking and how preparation eases natural nervousness
• Identify the purpose of your speech• Conduct audience analysis• Choose an appropriate topic and
develop it
Chapter Outcomes
• Support and enliven your speech with effective research
• Cull from among your sources the material that will be most convincing
• Give proper credit to sources and take responsibility for your speech
Chapter Outcomes (cont.)
The Power of Public Speaking
Public speaking includes…– A speaker with a reason
for speaking– An audience that gives
the speaker attention– A message that is meant
to accomplish a specific purpose
Clarifying the General Purpose of Your Speech• Three general
purposes include:
– Informative speeches
– Persuasive speeches
– Special-occasion speeches
Clarifying the General Purpose of Your Speech (cont.)• To determine the
specific purpose:– Ask what you want
your audience to learn, do, consider, or agree with.
– Write an action state-ment encompassing the topic and general speech purpose.
Analyzing Your Audience
• Analysis requires understanding:
– Audience expectations
– Unique situational factors
– Demographics
Analyzing Your Audience (cont.)
• Consider audience expectations and situational factors.– Speaking situation– Cultural expectations about public
speaking– Knowledge of the speaker– Time of day
Analyzing Your Audience (cont.)
• Consider audience demographics.
– Demographics: the quantifiable characteristics of a large group
• May focus on gender, socioeconomic status, age, nationality, and so on.
– Such consideration will help make your topic or approach more interesting.
• Use salient demographic details; avoid stereotyping.
Analyzing Your Audience (cont.)
• Anticipate your audience’s response by:– Considering audience motivation– Seeking common ground
(homogeny)– Determining prior exposure– Considering disposition– Laying the groundwork through
observation, relationship building, surveys, Internet research
Choosing Your Topic
• Find a topic that intrigues you.
• Brainstorm or cluster to find topic ideas.
• Narrow your topic by asking:
– Am I interested?
– Does it meet the assignment’s criteria?
– Will my audience find it worthwhile?
Choosing Your Topic (cont.)
• Determine the specific purpose of your speech.
– A specific purpose statement expresses both the topic and general speech purpose in action form.
Choosing Your Topic (cont.)
• Develop a thesis statement.– Conveys the central idea / core
assumption about your topic– Summarizes what you want the
audience to get out of your speech– Serves as a take-away message for
your audience
Researching the Topic
• Types of information
– Expert testimony
– Lay testimony
– Scientific research findings
– Statistics
– Anecdotes
– Quotations
– Comparisons and contrasts
Researching the Topic (cont.)
• Researching Supporting Material– Talk to people
• Interviews
• Surveys
– Search the literature• Library gateways
– Use the Internet• Search engines, metasearch engines
Researching the Topic (cont.)
• Evaluate supporting material to ensure it is:– Credible
– Up-to-date
– Accurate
– Relevant
– Compelling
– Reliable
Ethical Speaking
• Recognizing plagiarism– Do not present someone else’s information
as your own.
• Taking accurate notes– Note all quotes and paraphrases.– Keep a running bibliography.
• Speaking ethically and responsibly– Be trustworthy, respectful, responsible,
and fair.