Reading/Lectur e Role Play Latham Goal Setting as supervisor vs. for self State Bank of Vermont...

Reading/Lecture Role PlayLatham Goal Setting as supervisor vs. for

selfState Bank of VermontProbationary officer

What you will learn today

• Why do goals improve performance– Personal examples

• What makes goals more effective in improving performance– Personal examples, research studies

To learn how to set effective goals, you need to know

Why do goals improve performance

Goals

Focus attention on behaviors that will attain goal

Increase how hard one works on task

Lengthen time spent on task

Promote use/discovery of knowledge needed to do task

ImprovedTaskPerformance

e.g., graduate school, glucose intolerance

What makes goals more effective in improvingPerformance?

Knowledge to attain goal

Commitment to goal

Feedback on progress toward goal

Situational ConditionsImprovedPerformance

Specificity & Difficulty of Goal Goals

ImprovedPerformance

Specificity & Difficulty of Goal

Goals

Type of Goal Setting

Specific & Difficult Goal “Do your best” Goal

Performance High Low

• Unskilled, uneducated loggers paid at piece rate were randomly assigned to one of two groups

Evidence for how Goal Specificity & Difficulty Improves Performance

Review of B23

Why do specific & difficult goals result in better performance than ‘do your best’ goals?

Do your bestgoals

•No external standard for Performance•Performance defined individually

Specific & Difficult Goals

Clear performance standard

Low Performance

Hi Performance



Commitment to goal





ImprovedPerformance

Goals

Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via..

Set Learning Goals

Provide Training


ImprovedPerformance

Goals

– Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter

– Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester

Learning vs. Performance Goals

– Learning goals = learn to network; master specific subject matter

– Performance goals= attain specific GPA at end of semester

(cited in Latham & Locke, 2006)

Evidence on Learning Goals Performance

Type of Goals

Learning Goals Performance Goals

GPA of MBA students

High Low

• Learning goals – facilitate planning, – focus on understanding the task, – monitoring & evaluating progress toward goal

attainment

– Such behaviors are especially needed in unstructured environments


Why do learning goals Performance

Why do learning goals, training improve performance?

Focus attention on understanding task and doing it effectively

Learning Goals

Training Increase knowledgeon how to do task

ImprovedPerformance

Goals



Commitment to goal




Knowledge to attain goals can be increased via..

Sub Goals

Feedback on progress toward goals

ImprovedPerformance

Goals

Why do sub goals improve performance?

Provides immediate feedback on whether Behavior is consistent with goals

Sub Goals

ImprovedPerformance

Goals



Commitment to goal




How can you increase commitment toward goals

Making goal public

Assigning goals that implicitly convey Confidence in performer

Making goals importantBy rewarding their achievement

IncreasedCommitment

Evidence on how rewards commitment

Type of Reward

Money Praise Public Recognition>=

Goal importance

Money/PraiseGoal Commitment

Why do rewards affect commitment?

How will you increase your commitment to goals?

Situational Conditions

ImprovedPerformance

Goals

• High Role overload=having excess work without resources to accomplish task

• Goals positively affect performance only when overload was low


Evidence demonstrating how….

Goals

Improved Performance

Situational Conditions

• Why goals improve performance– Focus attention– Promote use of knowledge– Increase amt of time on task– Increase amt of effort on task

• What makes goals more effective in improving performance– Commitment to goals– Knowledge of how to attain goals– Feedback on progress toward goals– Specificity & difficulty of goals– Situational constraints

What you learned today

Debriefing Questions

• In your role play, how did you …– make your goals specific and difficult?– increase knowledge to accomplish goals?

• Set training goals, set sub-goals, enable feedback toward progress

– Increase commitment to goals– overcome situational obstacles


– Does goal setting emphasize short-term results at the expense of long-term effectiveness?

– How does goal setting deal with employees who have multiple goals, some of which are conflicting?

– What barriers in an organization can you identify that might limit the effectiveness of a goal-setting program? How can these barriers be overcome?


• How easy/difficult was this –• On which of the key learning behaviours relevant

to goal-setting skills were you best? Weakest? How would you improve these skills?

• Overall performance standard / objective, vs. goals to help employees achieve the standard?

• Goal setting vs. micro managing

Reading/Lectur e Role Play Latham Goal Setting as supervisor vs. for self State Bank of Vermont...

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