Reading. Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science? Listening...
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Transcript of Reading. Why was Carl Linnaeus important to the history of botany as a science? Listening...
Reading
Reading
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to
the history of botany as a science?
Why was Carl Linnaeus important to
the history of botany as a science?
Listening Listening (插入声音)
Carl Linnaeus developed a new system
to classify the plant species.
Carl Linnaeus developed a new system
to classify the plant species.
Skimming
1.When did botany become a
special science?After the eighteenth century.
2. How was plant species classified
before the work of Carl Linnaeus?
Plants are classified into herbs and
trees, according to the shape of the
fruit, or whether they had flowers
or not.3. What is the difference between
Linnaeus’ system and that of the
other scientists?
In Linnaeus’ system, the
identification of different species
was based on the arrangement of
the male and female organs
in the flowers, while the other
scientists classified plants into
herbs and trees, according to the
shape of the fruit, or whether they
had flowers or not.4. Was Daniel Solander a member
of the Royal Society?
No, he wasn’t.
5. What did Joseph Banks do on the
three-year voyage?
On their three-year voyage,
Joseph Banks did not only study and
describe new plants he found, he also
looked out for new economic species
and became the first to move
crops from one continent to another on a large scale.
6. What was the relationship among
the three persons?
Daniel Solander was the student o
f Linnaeus and a lifelong friend of J
oseph Banks.
7. What great contributions did
Joseph Banks make to the birth of
botany as a science?
He discovered many new animals
and plants during the three-year
voyage; he was involved in
enterprises such as the exploration
of Africa and the settlement of
Australia. During his 42-year
presidency of the Royal Society, he
helped to develop the royal gardens
at Kew into one of the greatest
botanical gardens in the world; he
accumulated a great deal of
knowledge about plants and
agriculture; he also built a
greenhouse to experiment with
growing pineapples; and it was
he who made Kew a center of
scientific and economic
research.
Post-readingPost-reading
1. What were the goals of James Coo
k’s first voyage around the world?
The goals of James Cook’s first voyage
around the world: the primary goal was
to study the passing of the planet Venus
across the sun; the second purpose was
to record, classify and describe all plant
The goals of James Cook’s first voyage
around the world: the primary goal was
to study the passing of the planet Venus
across the sun; the second purpose was
to record, classify and describe all plant
and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent.
and animal life observed during the trip; the third one was to search for an unknown southern continent.
2. Why did Joseph Banks have to supply his own money to equip part of the expedition?
The reason was the British government The reason was the British government
would not pay for a new field of science as botany.
would not pay for a new field of science as botany.
3. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
3. How did scientists classify plants before Linnaeus?
Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified plants in this way: they
Before Linnaeus, the scientists classified plants in this way: they
classified plants into herbs and trees, or
according to the shape of the fruit, or
whether they had flowers or not.
classified plants into herbs and trees, or
according to the shape of the fruit, or
whether they had flowers or not.
3. What could be a possible explanation
for the name “strawberry”?
A possible explanation for the name
“strawberry”: berries like straw.
A possible explanation for the name
“strawberry”: berries like straw.
Language PointsLanguage Points
1. Despite his wealth, he worked to ma
ke a career in science.
wealth 意为“财富”,多用作不可数名 词。
He gained his ____ by printing ____
of famous writers. (NMET 1995)
A. wealth; work B. wealths; works
C. wealths; work D. wealth; works
析:根据 wealth 的词性,可排除 B 、C ; works 意为“作品,著作”。
C
2. Secondly, the purpose of the expedi-ti
on was to record, classify and describe al
l plant and animal life observed during t
he trip.
动词不定式可用作表语,表示主语的具体内容,尤其可用于指未发生的情况。
The purpose of new technology is to
make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
( 上海 2005 春 )
A. not making
B. not make
C. not to make
D. nor to make
C
析:两个或多个不定式表示并列或递进关系时,后面的不定式符号 to 常常省略,但当它们表示对比关系时,不定式符号 to 常常保留。 本题题意为“新技术的目的是使生活更容易,而不是让生活更艰难”,两个不定式之间是对比关系。
Practice Practice
1. _________ had been made by
others to _______ plant species
into groups, but the breakthrough
___________ the work of Carl
Linnaeus.
1. _________ had been made by
others to _______ plant species
into groups, but the breakthrough
___________ the work of Carl
Linnaeus.
AttemptsAttempts
classifyclassify
came withcame with
2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________
James Cook as the commander of
the Endeavor to take members of
________________ on an
___________ to Tahiti.
2. In 1768, the Royal Navy _________
James Cook as the commander of
the Endeavor to take members of
________________ on an
___________ to Tahiti.
appointedappointed
the Royal Societythe Royal Society
expeditionexpedition
3. He also _____________ new economic
species: plants that could be grown in
England or other parts of the world
to produce crops that could be sold.
3. He also _____________ new economic
species: plants that could be grown in
England or other parts of the world
to produce crops that could be sold.
looked out forlooked out for
4. Banks was the first to move crops
from one continent to another ______
____________, helping to develop local
economies with these new imports.
4. Banks was the first to move crops
from one continent to another ______
____________, helping to develop local
economies with these new imports.
large scalelarge scale
on aon a
5. Darwin’s _____________ on that
voyage led him to write his famous
book On the Origin of Species.
5. Darwin’s _____________ on that
voyage led him to write his famous
book On the Origin of Species.
observationsobservations
6. Back home, in England, Darwin
_______ that differences in habitat
could lead to different species in
birds _________ in plants.
6. Back home, in England, Darwin
_______ that differences in habitat
could lead to different species in
birds _________ in plants.
realizedrealized
as well asas well as
7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s
research, scientists of the nineteenth
century formed the belief that the
__________ of the environment was
behind the development of new
species.
7. ___________ of Darwin and Mendel’s
research, scientists of the nineteenth
century formed the belief that the
__________ of the environment was
behind the development of new
species.
As a resultAs a result
influenceinfluence
8. It would take a next __________ of
scientists to ______ the importance
of the environment on species back
in view.
8. It would take a next __________ of
scientists to ______ the importance
of the environment on species back
in view.
generationgeneration
bringbring
9. Turesson found ___________ the
existence of ______________
within species in nature.
9. Turesson found ___________ the
existence of ______________
within species in nature.
evidence forevidence for
stable varietiesstable varieties
10. The research by Darwin, Mendel
and Turesson shows that both
_______ and the ____________ are
important to plants.
10. The research by Darwin, Mendel
and Turesson shows that both
_______ and the ____________ are
important to plants.
geneticsgenetics environmentenvironment
HomeworkHomework
Please read the text several times
and then try to write something
about Joseph Banks: what do we
learn from him?