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Reading Recovery: The Early Intervention Safety Net.
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Transcript of Reading Recovery: The Early Intervention Safety Net.
Reading Recovery:Reading Recovery:The Early The Early
Intervention Safety Intervention Safety NetNet
What Do You Know About What Do You Know About RR?RR?
1.Georgia State University2.Atkinson County3.Atlanta Public Schools4.Bacon County 5.Banks County6.Charlton County7.Clinch County8.Cobb County9.Coffee County10.Dalton County11.Dawson County12.Decatur City 13.DeKalb County14.Effingham County
1. Elbert County2. Gwinnett County3. Habersham County4. Hart County5. Evans County6. Houston County7. Lee County8. Pierce County9. Stephens County10. Tift County11. Towns County12. Valdosta City13. Ware County14. Wayne County15. White County
Total teachers trained at GSU
Fall 1991 – Spring 2008 - 1,127
Total teacher leaders trained at GSU
Fall 1991 – Spring 2008 - 65
Georgia State University Reading Recovery® ProgramGeorgia 1991 - 2008
FACT SHEET
* Children who had 60 or more lessons.
Graduation rate = 79.5 % ** Full program children who reached the average level of their class and were released from the program needing no additional help
Year
School System
s
School Buildings
RR Teachers
Teacher Leaders
In-Training Teacher Leaders
Full Program Children*
Graduated Children**
1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40
1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140
1993-94 7 69 119 14 3 590 469
1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791
1995-96 16 117 241 22 4 1,351 1,109
1996-97 22 170 324 24 4 1,829 1,521
1997-98 32 223 405 34 3 2,432 1,978
1998-99 32 233 428 24 - 2,744 2,197
1999-00 32 194 391 21 4 2,651 2,028
2000-01 32 187 371 23 - 2,434 1,912
2001-02 29 186 370 20 4 2,546 2,014
2002-03 32 187 398 19 - 3,612 2,775
2003-04 27 168 356 17 1 2,515 1,999
2004-05 26 146 307 15 2 2,211 1,777
2005-06 31 169 329 16 5 2,306 1,862
2006-07 30 141 314 17 - 2,240 1,729
2007-08 23 144 328 14 - 2,461 1,984
TOTAL 46 33,155 26,325
Georgia State University affiliated sites outside of Georgia
Tennessee
Anderson County Athens CityCampbell County
Johnson CityKnox County
Oak RidgeRhea CountyScott County
Bermuda
Georgia State University Reading Recovery® ProgramAll Affiliated Sites (GA, TN, FL), 1991-2008
FACT SHEET
YearSchool
SystemsSchool
BuildingsRR
TeachersTeacher Leaders
In-Training Teacher Leaders
Full Program Children
Graduated Children
1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40
1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140
1993-94 7 69 119 14 4 590 469
1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791
1995-96 26 149 297 25 6 1,644 1,364
1996-97 41 238 436 29 6 2,497 2,106
1997-98 51 296 526 39 8 3,169 2,630
1998-99 56 348 606 33 - 3,853 3,040
1999-00 57 318 608 30 4 4,217 3,248
2000-01 57 327 624 31 - 5,719 3,274
2001-02 53 292 548 29 7 3,854 3,074
2002-03 52 287 574 27 - 5,235 3,206
2003-04 42 251 525 24 1 3,631 2,792
2004-05 38 199 404 20 2 2,941 2,318
2005-06 38 215 426 21 7 3,024 2,382
2006-07 32 194 414 22 - 2,912 2,202
2007-08 32 195 420 21 5 3,150 2,463
Total 66 47,669 35,539
What RR Is and Is NotWhat RR Is and Is NotIsIs Is notIs not
One-one one individual One-one one individual teachingteaching
Provided by specially trained, Provided by specially trained, certified teacherscertified teachers
On-going professional On-going professional development for teachersdevelopment for teachers
Adopted as a school initiative Adopted as a school initiative by the school staffby the school staff
Supplementary to good Supplementary to good classroom teachingclassroom teaching
For first-grade, lowest-For first-grade, lowest-achieving readers onlyachieving readers only
Data-driven teaching to Data-driven teaching to continuously monitor continuously monitor children’s progresschildren’s progress
A short-term early A short-term early intervention that prevents intervention that prevents further difficulties in literacyfurther difficulties in literacy
A long-term school A long-term school commitment for lowest-commitment for lowest-achieving first gradersachieving first graders
Group instructionGroup instruction Delivered by volunteers or Delivered by volunteers or
paraprofessionalsparaprofessionals A program to buy & put in A program to buy & put in
place for teachersplace for teachers One person's mandated One person's mandated
programprogram The only literacy The only literacy
instruction the child instruction the child receivesreceives
A program to improve A program to improve literacy in all gradesliteracy in all grades
A program that labels A program that labels children via extended children via extended testing for disabilitiestesting for disabilities
A long-term service for A long-term service for childrenchildren
A quick fixA quick fix
The Impact ofThe Impact ofReading RecoveryReading Recovery
-
•Bridges the Achievement Gap.
•Significant differences in low achievers.
•Cost Effective.
Do Reading Recovery students close the literacy achievement gap? ….Yes!!
White students continue to outperform African American students on literacy measures.
•When compared to the progress of students in the random sample, Reading Recovery students are closing this gap.
Text Level Reading: First Stanine Discontinued & Random Sample
0
5
10
15
20
Fall Year-end
Discontinued- African-American
RandomSample -White
02468
101214161820
Fall Year-end
Text Level Reading: First Stanine Discontinued & Random Sample African-
American Participants
Discontinued
Random Sample
RR reduces the gap …
Across racial/ethnic groups Between low and average
readers Across income groups Between English speakers and
English language learners.
Cost Effectiveness of Cost Effectiveness of Reading RecoveryReading Recovery
What is the cost of other programs What is the cost of other programs that target the same student that target the same student population & seek to achieve the same population & seek to achieve the same results?results?
Both long-term & short term benefits Both long-term & short term benefits must be considered when examining must be considered when examining cost effectiveness.cost effectiveness.
One-to-one instruction is the only way One-to-one instruction is the only way for some children to become literate.for some children to become literate.
Intervention or
Supplement
AdditionalPer-Pupil
Cost for One Year
Average Time
in Program
Total Per-Pupil Cost for
Five Years
Retention $9,500 1 year $9,500
Title l $2,000 5 years $10,000
Special Education
$4,500 + $1,000
Initial evaluation
5 years $23,500
Reading Recovery
$3,480for all served
$5,354for
discontinued
12 to 20 weeks$3,480$5,354
InterventionAverage Number of
Students Served2004-2005
Average Salary & Benefits* 2005-2006
Yearly Cost per Student Served
Reading Recovery Only (Retired or Part-time Teacher ½ time, No Benefits) 8.3 $25,009 $3,013
Reading Recovery Portion of a Full-time Teacher’s Responsibility 8.3 $32,511** $3,917
Reading Recovery plus Other Role (ex. Title l or EIP) 37.3 $65,022 $1,743
Title l/EIP Reading Teacher (Pull-out or augmented; 66 students fund 1 EIP teacher) 66 $65,022 $985
Self-Contained EIP First Grade 11 to 14 $65,022 $4,644
Retention $7,722***
NCLB Supplemental Services (after school tutoring)
$1,408****
Reading RecoveryReading RecoveryCost EffectiveCost Effective
•0.5 FTE
•Comparison by effect
Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2121
RR is the only intervention RR is the only intervention program to receive the highest program to receive the highest ranking for evidence of success ranking for evidence of success by the What Works Clearing by the What Works Clearing House (WWC).House (WWC).
Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2222
Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2424
Two Positive Two Positive Outcomes of Reading Outcomes of Reading Recovery for ChildrenRecovery for Children
Children reach average levels of
text reading for their class
Children are referred
appropriately for further long-term
support
++
Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2525
Reading RecoveryReading Recovery can can be a significant part of be a significant part of
a comprehensive a comprehensive school-wide literacy school-wide literacy
programprogram
Why?Why?
Some children require individual Some children require individual literacy lessons.literacy lessons.
Struggling children deserve the “gold Struggling children deserve the “gold standard” which is individual literacy standard” which is individual literacy lessons. lessons.
RR provides short-term accelerated RR provides short-term accelerated learning which enables struggling learning which enables struggling children to catch up with their peers.children to catch up with their peers.
RR provides the “safety net” against RR provides the “safety net” against crippling literacy problems.crippling literacy problems.
Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2828
RR teachers can play RR teachers can play a major role in Tier a major role in Tier 1, 2 & 3 if their 1, 2 & 3 if their expertise is expertise is employed as employed as needed.needed.
She can provide She can provide differentiated differentiated
instruction to a instruction to a small group in her small group in her classroom using classroom using
her expertise as a her expertise as a RR teacher.RR teacher.
Tier 1
Tier 2
She can She can provide 1:1 provide 1:1 RR to first RR to first
graders in an graders in an RR setting.RR setting.
Tier 3
She can She can serve on the serve on the SST team to SST team to assist with assist with
IEPs.IEPs.
“No other program has ever come close
to achieving the results demonstrated
by Reading Recovery.”
Cunningham, P.M. and Allington, R.L.Classrooms That Work.1994, New York: Harper Collins.
Case StudyCase Study
Muscogee County
Columbus, Georgia
Muscogee County SchoolsObservation Survey Results - Spring
52.81
17.9920.51
45.51
33.33
15.91
51.2
13.3516.03
29.9826.87
6.68
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
LID/ Alphabet (54) Word Test (20) Concepts about Print
(24)
Writing Vocabulary HRSW/ Phonics (37) Text Level Reading*
Test
Avg
Sco
re
RR
Comparison
*Basal Reading Levels:15.91 = end of 1st grade6.68 = P P 3
Muscogee County SchoolsITBS Results - Spring
39.35
4843.42
39.8836.59 38.0438.27 39.08 38.83 39.8
29.433.81
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Vocabulary Reading Comp Reading Total Listening Word Analysis LanguageTotal
Test
Avg
Sco
re
RR
Comparison
Muscogee County SchoolsGates-MacGinitie Results - Spring
13.3 12.36 12.23 13.07
50.95
40
11.55 9.74 9.09 9.38
39.77
23
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
InitialConsonant
FinalConsonant
Vowels Sentence TotalBattery
TotalBatteryNormal
Curve Equiv.
Test
Avg
Sco
re
RR
Comparison
Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of Student Academic Progress
Spring
2.94
3.19
3.59
3.2
2.59 2.522.35 2.32
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Mathematics Oral Comm. Reading Comp. Written Expression
Assessment Measure
Av
g S
co
re
RR
Comparison
Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of
Student Personal/Social Characteristics
Spring
3.183.4
3.29 3.263.08
2.46
2.862.65 2.67
2.46
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Follows Directions Self-Confidence Social Interaction-Adults
Social Interaction-Peers
Work Habits
Assessment Measure
Avg
Sco
re RR
Comparison
Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of
Student Personal/Social Characteristics
Spring
3.183.4
3.29 3.263.08
2.46
2.862.65 2.67
2.46
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Follows Directions Self-Confidence Social Interaction-Adults
Social Interaction-Peers
Work Habits
Assessment Measure
Avg
Sco
re RR
Comparison
CRCT StudyCRCT Study
PercentPercent PercentPercentDid not achieveDid not achieve Achieved or Achieved or
GroupGroup Expectation Exceeded ExpectationExpectation Exceeded Expectation
ComparisonComparison 24 24 76 76RR - RecommendedRR - Recommended 16 16 84 84RR – Discontinued 13RR – Discontinued 13 87 87
There was no statistically significant There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparisondifference between the Comparison
group and RR –Recommended. Greater group and RR –Recommended. Greater percentages of the RRpercentages of the RR
Discontinued achieved or exceeded Discontinued achieved or exceeded expectation. expectation.
How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?Gap?
Results of Study – Struggling LearnersResults of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 4Grade 4
PercentPercent PercentPercentGroupGroup Did not achieveDid not achieve Achieved or Achieved or
Expectation Exceeded ExpectationExpectation Exceeded Expectation
ComparisonComparison 1414 8686RR - RecommendedRR - Recommended 2828 7272RR – DiscontinuedRR – Discontinued 1313 8787
There was no statistically significant There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparisondifference between the Comparison
group and RR – Discontinued.group and RR – Discontinued.
How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?Gap?
Results of Study – Struggling LearnersResults of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 3Grade 3
How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost? Training Model for South-GeorgiaTraining Model for South-Georgia
Single site Single site ConsortiaConsortia
Training CostsTraining Costs Tuition for academic creditTuition for academic credit Transporting children/teachersTransporting children/teachers MaterialsMaterials Travel for trainingTravel for training
Affiliation CostsAffiliation Costs Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will
be working within their own school systems be working within their own school systems during training.during training.
How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost?Training YearTraining Year
Teacher Leader Training Year:Teacher Leader Training Year: Tuition/Student feesTuition/Student fees $6,122 $6,122 Lab FeesLab Fees $4,500 $4,500 Professional BooksProfessional Books $1,200 $1,200 Children's Books and Supplies $2,250Children's Books and Supplies $2,250 Travel (teacher/transporting Children) and ConferencesTravel (teacher/transporting Children) and Conferences $4,000 $4,000
Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training:Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training: $17,572*$17,572*
*Subtotal does not include salary and benefits for *Subtotal does not include salary and benefits for
teacher;teacher;costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.
How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost?Accreditation and Subsequent YearsAccreditation and Subsequent Years
Accreditation Year Accreditation Year (Field Year following training year):(Field Year following training year): Site affiliation fee Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one $ 2000 (includes one
site visit)site visit) Additional Site VisitAdditional Site Visit $ 800*$ 800* Professional Development fee Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher $ 200 (per Teacher
Leader)Leader)
Subsequent YearsSubsequent Years Site affiliation fee Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one $ 2000 (includes one
site visit)site visit) Professional Development fee Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher $ 200 (per Teacher
Leader)Leader)
Support for CostsSupport for Costs
Foundation SupportFoundation Support Grant writingGrant writing Title I and other Title fundsTitle I and other Title funds EIPEIP RtI fundsRtI funds
Reading Recovery is a bargain!
Short-term intervention, prevention Effective Continuing progress Reduces retentions & SPE referrals Highly qualified teachers & teacher
leaders Multi-tiered problem-solving
literacy team