READING NONFICTION Types and Purposes. WHAT IS NONFICTION? The subject of nonfiction is real The...
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Transcript of READING NONFICTION Types and Purposes. WHAT IS NONFICTION? The subject of nonfiction is real The...
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READING NONFICTION
Types and Purposes
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WHAT IS NONFICTION?
The subject of nonfiction is realThe author writes about actual
persons, places and events.The writer may just report factsThe writer may also include
personal opinionsOften there is a mixture of bothReaders must read critically
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CRITICAL READING
Look at writer’s backgroundLook at writer’s purposeLook at writer’s attitudeLook at writer’s audience
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JOURNALISM
•Newspapers
•Magazines
•Online sources
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TYPES OF JOURNALISM
InterviewsColumnsReviewsArticlesEditorialsEditorial Cartoons
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Essays/TYPES OF ESSAYS
•Formal Essay
•A prose discussion on a serious topic in a serious manner, usually rigidly structured and organized.
•Informal Essay
•A prose discussion on any topic in a light, humorous, amusing manner; often loosely organized, rambling and casual in approach.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF ESSAYS
Essays in generalProse treatmentBriefIncomplete in its discussion of
topicA literary whole
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CHARACTERISTICS (CONT.)
The Formal EssayPurpose: to inform, explain,
convinceTone: serious, rhetorical, balancedThe Informal EssayNarrative structureTone: conversational, sometimes
witty and humorous
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HUMOR AND THE ESSAY
Wit Incongruity The unexpected Exaggeration
Humor Ability to show,
with sympathy, the things in life and human behavior that are funny.
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SATIRE
A literary work in which vices, follies, stupidities, abuses, etc., are held up to ridicule and contempt.A pointing out of the difference between how things are and how they ought to be.
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OTHER TYPES OF ESSAYS
Comparison and Contrast EssaysPersuasive EssaysCause and Effect Essays
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DIARIES AND JOURNALS
Diaries: a private form of writing with no further intended audienceJournals: varying styles and topics. Give a glimpse of the writer’s value of his or her world
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LETTERS
Private LettersPublic LetterLetters can Reveal character Express opinions Ask for information Give information
Audience and Purpose influence tone.
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PERSONAL REFLECTIONS
Personal Reflections must be memorable and significant and : Give character insight Lead to an
unexpected conclusion
Show how a lesson was learned
Awaken feeling of pity, compassion, joy and nostalgia
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AUTOBIOGRAPHY
Written by the subject for publicationAuthor has some purpose for writingTo teachTo arouse awarenessTo warnSimply to entertain
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MEMOIRS
A TYPE OF AUTOBIOGRAPHICAOL WRITING, DEALING WITH THE RECOLLECTIONS OF PROMINENT PEOPLE OR PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN A PART OF OR HAVE WITNESSED SIGNIFICANT EVENTS.CONSIDERED BOTH AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL AND HISTORICAL
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BIOGRAPHY
The accurate presentation of a life story from birth to death of an individual.Historical biographies include strands of an individual’s life interwoven with historical persons, places and events.
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OTHER TYPES OF NONFICTION
SpeechesHistorical WritingScience WritingTechnical writingWriting onlineMiscellaneous writing
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ELEMENTS OF NONFICTION
Characters, Plot, and Setting. Like fiction, nonfiction has characters, plot, and setting. However, these elements are real, not made up. The main character in an autobiography or biography is called the subject. The subject's words, thoughts, and actions are presented.
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MORE ELEMENTS
Purpose. Different types of nonfiction have different purposes. Biographies and autobiographies, for example, have the purpose of informing the reader. They use explanatory, descriptive, and narrative paragraphs. Other types of nonfiction, such as newspaper editorials, are intended to win readers over to a certain opinion. They use persuasive paragraphs. Sometimes a piece of writing combines purposes.
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AND MORE ELEMENTS
Tone. The writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter is called tone. A writer's tone may be sympathetic, It may be bitter, It may be comic, hopeful, solemn, or anything the writer likes.
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HOW TO READ NONFICTION
Try to separate Facts from Opinions.The writer has chosen facts that present a certain picture of the subject. Think about what might be missing as well as what is there.
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MORE READING TIPS
Think about the writer's purpose. Is the writer trying to win you over to his or her opinion? Learn to appreciate how well a writer says something, even when you don't agree. Be a critical reader.
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FINAL READING TIPS
Be aware of the writer's tone. Frequently a writer reveals much about himself or herself by the tone he or she uses. This is especially important in autobiographical writing