Reading in the Content Areas andand Modeling the Inquiry Methods Buy a car? Senior going to college?...

Reading in the Reading in the Content AreasContent AreasReading in the Reading in the Content AreasContent Areas

andandandand

Modeling the Inquiry Methods Buy a car? Senior going to college? Sick relative? Travel in your future?


Encountering the Issue Encountering the Issue Task Analysis Task Analysis Investigating Information Investigating Information Reasoning with Information Reasoning with Information ActingActing onon DecisionsDecisions ActingActing onon DecisionsDecisions



Encountering the Issue Encountering the Issue

Task Analysis Task Analysis

Investigating Information Investigating Information

Reasoning with Information Reasoning with Information

ActingActing onon DecisionsDecisions ActingActing onon DecisionsDecisions

I need a new car becauseI need a new car because

My car has to have…My car has to have…

I need information so I will...I need information so I will...

This one or that one?This one or that one?

Essential Question:Essential Question:What car should I get thatWhat car should I get thatmeets the needs of mymeets the needs of myfamily and ...family and ...


What strategies do we What strategies do we use to comprehend use to comprehend

text?text?

What strategies do we What strategies do we use to comprehend use to comprehend

text?text?

The sinoatrial node (SA node) is The sinoatrial node (SA node) is embedded in the posterior wall ofembedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the the right atrium, near the

entrance of the superior vena entrance of the superior vena cava. The SA node is connected to the larger AV cava. The SA node is connected to the larger AV node by the internodal pathways in the atrial node by the internodal pathways in the atrial walls. It takes roughly 50 msec for an action walls. It takes roughly 50 msec for an action potential to travel from the SA node to the AV potential to travel from the SA node to the AV node along these pathways. Along the way, the node along these pathways. Along the way, the conducting cells pass the contractile stimulus to conducting cells pass the contractile stimulus to cardiac muscle cells. The action potential then cardiac muscle cells. The action potential then spreads across the atrial surfaces through cell-spreads across the atrial surfaces through cell-to-cell contact.to-cell contact.

The sinoatrial node (SA node) is The sinoatrial node (SA node) is embedded in the posterior wall ofembedded in the posterior wall of the right atrium, near the the right atrium, near the

entrance of the superior vena entrance of the superior vena cava. The SA node is connected to the larger AV cava. The SA node is connected to the larger AV node by the internodal pathways in the atrial node by the internodal pathways in the atrial walls. It takes roughly 50 msec for an action walls. It takes roughly 50 msec for an action potential to travel from the SA node to the AV potential to travel from the SA node to the AV node along these pathways. Along the way, the node along these pathways. Along the way, the conducting cells pass the contractile stimulus to conducting cells pass the contractile stimulus to cardiac muscle cells. The action potential then cardiac muscle cells. The action potential then spreads across the atrial surfaces through cell-spreads across the atrial surfaces through cell-to-cell contact.to-cell contact.

Seven Comprehension Seven Comprehension StrategiesStrategies

Seven Comprehension Seven Comprehension StrategiesStrategies

What the research showsWhat the research showsWhat the research showsWhat the research shows

Activate prior knowledge Activate prior knowledge Ask questionsAsk questions Vocabulary development Vocabulary development Determine importanceDetermine importance Visual and sensory imagesVisual and sensory images Draw inferencesDraw inferences SynthesizeSynthesize

Activate prior knowledge Activate prior knowledge Ask questionsAsk questions Vocabulary development Vocabulary development Determine importanceDetermine importance Visual and sensory imagesVisual and sensory images Draw inferencesDraw inferences SynthesizeSynthesize

Why is it important to Why is it important to read nonfiction text?read nonfiction text?Why is it important to Why is it important to read nonfiction text?read nonfiction text?

It is estimated that It is estimated that ___%___% of direct of direct instruction is instruction is provided for reading provided for reading nonfiction materials in the nonfiction materials in the primary grades…primary grades…

It is estimated that It is estimated that ___%___% of direct of direct instruction is instruction is provided for reading provided for reading nonfiction materials in the nonfiction materials in the primary grades…primary grades…

___%___% of the time of the time spent reading and spent reading and writing as adults is writing as adults is nonfiction.nonfiction.

___%___% of the time of the time spent reading and spent reading and writing as adults is writing as adults is nonfiction.nonfiction.

““The strategies The strategies are the same.”are the same.”

““The strategies The strategies are the same.”are the same.”

““Non-fiction text is too Non-fiction text is too difficult for struggling difficult for struggling readers.”readers.”

““Non-fiction text is too Non-fiction text is too difficult for struggling difficult for struggling readers.”readers.”

““Students aren’t as Students aren’t as interested in nonfiction as interested in nonfiction as they are in fiction.”they are in fiction.”

““Students aren’t as Students aren’t as interested in nonfiction as interested in nonfiction as they are in fiction.”they are in fiction.”

““All students have learned to All students have learned to read in the primary grades.”read in the primary grades.”““All students have learned to All students have learned to read in the primary grades.”read in the primary grades.”

Explicit Strategy InstructionExplicit Strategy InstructionExplicit Strategy InstructionExplicit Strategy Instruction

Teacher ModelingTeacher Modeling Guided PracticeGuided Practice Independent PracticeIndependent Practice Application of the Strategy in Application of the Strategy in

Real Reading SituationsReal Reading Situations

Teacher ModelingTeacher Modeling Guided PracticeGuided Practice Independent PracticeIndependent Practice Application of the Strategy in Application of the Strategy in

Real Reading SituationsReal Reading Situations

Getting Started: “What doGetting Started: “What doI have to cover?”I have to cover?”

Getting Started: “What doGetting Started: “What doI have to cover?”I have to cover?”

YourYourtopictopicYourYourtopictopic

benchmarkbenchmarkbenchmarkbenchmarkbenchmarkbenchmarkbenchmarkbenchmark


MakingConnectionsMakingConnectionsMakingConnectionsMakingConnections

Asking QuestionsAsking QuestionsAsking QuestionsAsking Questions

Determining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining Importance

Drawing InferencesDrawing InferencesDrawing InferencesDrawing Inferences

SynthesizingSynthesizingSynthesizingSynthesizing

The questions that p________ face as they raise ch______ from in________ to adult life are not easy to an__________. Both fa______ and m_______ can become concerned when health problems such as co___________ arise any time after the e___________ stage to later life. Experts recommend that young ch_________ should have plenty of s_______ and nutritious food for healthy growth. B______ and g______ should not share the same b________ or even sleep in the same r_____. They may be afraid of the d_____.

The questions that poultrymenpoultrymen face as they raise chickenschickens from incubationincubation to adult life are not easy to answeranswer. Both farmersfarmers and merchantsmerchants can become concerned when health problems such as coccidiosiscoccidiosis arise any time after the eggegg stage to later life. Experts recommend that young chickschicks should have plenty of sunshinesunshine and nutritious food for healthy growth. BantiesBanties and geesegeese should not share the same barnyardbarnyard or even sleep in the same roostroost. They may be afraid of the darkdark.

Open Word SortOpen Word SortOpen Word SortOpen Word Sort

Adenine cytosine hip dysplasia.

thymine chromosomes

cell wall golgi lysosomes mitochondria nucleus meitosis

meiosis DNA recessive phenotype genotype alleles dominant guanine centrioles Widow’s Peak

Dear Students,

As a representative of the local humane society I work with animals that have been cast off by society. Day after day I walk past cages of animals whose eyes follow me no matter where I go. Often at night I hear their whines and cries as I’m trying to fall asleep.

The objectives of the humane society is to find homes for these animals. We need your help to accomplish this overwhelming task. We are especially concerned about placing our canine friends. While the cute, cuddly purebred dogs are the first to get picked, the mixed-breed dogs are often left behind.

We feel that the community would respond to a televised appeal more than just a letter from us. Perhaps you could create an infomercial to make the public aware of the desirability of adopting mixed breed dogs as well as pure breeds. If at all possible we would like your infomercial to include the results of a community survey on ownership of purebred dogs versus mixed-breed dogs.

We know from past experiences that the media is a powerful communication tool. Please include information about the value of mixed breed dogs. It would be helpful for people to understand the genetic problems pure bred dogs may encounter. What are the probabilities of dogs inheriting hip displasia? How are traits inherited? While we think propaganda strategies are important tools to use, don’t go down a pathway that will be censored before you go on the air. Hopefully, these tips will help you make full use of the media.

Thank you for your willingness to help on this project!

Sincerely,

The Humane Society

Unit developed by: Sharon Blachford, Lisa Griffin and Erin Hathaway

Belvidere Schools District 100

Unit developed by: Sharon Blachford, Lisa Griffin and Erin Hathaway

Belvidere Schools District 100

structures and process

genetic expressions

geneticdisorders

Stages of Inquiry Stages of Inquiry in the Classroomin the ClassroomStages of Inquiry Stages of Inquiry in the Classroomin the Classroom

Encountering the Issue• getting the “big idea”• making connections

Encountering the Issue• getting the “big idea”• making connections

Reasoning with Information• evaluating, creating, judging, inferring, visualizing• making decisions

Reasoning with Information• evaluating, creating, judging, inferring, visualizing• making decisions

Task Analysis• defining the task• asking questions

Task Analysis• defining the task• asking questions

Investigating Information• seeking, organizing, analyzing,• applying to project

Investigating Information• seeking, organizing, analyzing,• applying to project

Acting on Decisions• synthesizing • communicating findings

Acting on Decisions• synthesizing • communicating findings

Making Connections Text to text, text to self, text to world Open and closed word sorts

Inferring and Visualizing creating models using text clues and prior knowledge using implicit and explicit information to reach conclusions (author and you)

Synthesizing text to text, self and world• applying to new settings and contexts• in your head

Asking Questions Right there, think and search Author and you, in your head

Determining Importance Features, structures of text Note taking, graphic organizers Facts to main ideas, summaries

Inquiry...Inquiry...Inquiry...Inquiry...

provides a purpose for reading…an opportunity to provides a purpose for reading…an opportunity to read to learnread to learn

provides the opportunity for application of explicit provides the opportunity for application of explicit reading strategiesreading strategies

gives students access to quality nonfiction textsgives students access to quality nonfiction texts increases student enthusiasm for reading nonfictionincreases student enthusiasm for reading nonfiction allows teachers to more easily differentiate instructionallows teachers to more easily differentiate instruction

provides a purpose for reading…an opportunity to provides a purpose for reading…an opportunity to read to learnread to learn

provides the opportunity for application of explicit provides the opportunity for application of explicit reading strategiesreading strategies

gives students access to quality nonfiction textsgives students access to quality nonfiction texts increases student enthusiasm for reading nonfictionincreases student enthusiasm for reading nonfiction allows teachers to more easily differentiate instructionallows teachers to more easily differentiate instruction

positions important content so thatpositions important content so that students make connections to self, students make connections to self, world, and textworld, and text

positions important content so thatpositions important content so that students make connections to self, students make connections to self, world, and textworld, and text

Text-to-SelfText-to-SelfText-to-SelfText-to-Self

Connections that readers Connections that readers make between the text make between the text and their past and their past experiences or experiences or background knowledge.background knowledge.

Goudvis & Harvey 2000Goudvis & Harvey 2000

Connections that readers Connections that readers make between the text make between the text and their past and their past experiences or experiences or background knowledge.background knowledge.


Text-to-WorldText-to-WorldText-to-WorldText-to-World

Connections that Connections that readers make between readers make between the text and the bigger the text and the bigger issues, events, or issues, events, or concerns of society and concerns of society and the world at large.the world at large.


Connections that Connections that readers make between readers make between the text and the bigger the text and the bigger issues, events, or issues, events, or concerns of society and concerns of society and the world at large.the world at large.


Text-to-TextText-to-TextText-to-TextText-to-Text

Connections that readers make between the text they are reading and another text.

Goudvis & Harvey 2000

Connections that readers make between the text they are reading and another text.

Goudvis & Harvey 2000

Making Connections: The Making Connections: The Mixed Breed DogMixed Breed Dog

Making Connections: The Making Connections: The Mixed Breed DogMixed Breed Dog

When I read I connect When I read I connect When I read I connect When I read I connect • my own life to the text…my own life to the text…• my own life to the text…my own life to the text…

• an event, person, or issue to the text…an event, person, or issue to the text…• an event, person, or issue to the text…an event, person, or issue to the text…

• a book, article, movie, song or somethinga book, article, movie, song or something written down to the text…written down to the text…• a book, article, movie, song or somethinga book, article, movie, song or something written down to the text…written down to the text…

so that I can comprehend at a deeper level.so that I can comprehend at a deeper level.so that I can comprehend at a deeper level.so that I can comprehend at a deeper level.

Inquiry: Positions important content so that Inquiry: Positions important content so that students make connections to self, world, students make connections to self, world, and textand text

Inquiry: Positions important content so that Inquiry: Positions important content so that students make connections to self, world, students make connections to self, world, and textand text

““The Mixed Breed Dog”:The Mixed Breed Dog”: Is this for me or should I buy a Is this for me or should I buy a

pure breed?pure breed?

““The Mixed Breed Dog”:The Mixed Breed Dog”: Is this for me or should I buy a Is this for me or should I buy a

pure breed?pure breed?

Dear Students,

As a representative of the local humane society I work with animals that have beencast off by society. Day after day I walk past cages of animals whose eyes follow me

no matter where I go. Often at night I hear their whines and cries as I’m trying to fallasleep.

The objectives of the humane society is to find homes for these animals. We needyour help to accomplish this overwhelming task. We are especially concerned aboutplacing our canine friends. While the cute, cuddly purebred dogs are the first to get

picked, the mixed-breed dogs are often left behind.

We feel that the community would respond to a televised appeal more than just a

letter from us. Perhaps you could create an infomercial to make the public aware ofthe desirability of adopting mixed breed dogs as well as purebreds. If at all possible

we would like your infomercial to include the results of a community survey onownership of purebred dogs versus mixed-breed dogs.

We know from past experiences that the media is a powerful communication tool.Please include information about the value of mixed breed dogs. It would be helpfulfor people to understand the genetic problems pure breads may encounter. What are

the probabilities of dogs inheriting hip displasia? How are traits inherited? Whilewe think propaganda strategies are important tools to use, don’t go down a pathwaythat will be censored before you go on the air. Hopefully, these tips will help you

make full use of the media.

Thank you for your willingness to help on this project!

Sincerely,

The Humane Society

Dear Mrs. Tamraz,

Something terrible has happened to the frogs in ourclassroom! I am sending pictures that we found on theInternet when we tried to discover what was happening to ourtadpoles. Our tadpoles look even more malformed becausethey are the same size of small frogs but they still have theirtails and no back LEGS!

The children in my room have taken such good care of theseanimals and they are worried that they will never developproperly. We received the eggs 4 months ago, read all aboutraising frogs and followed the directions carefully in setting upour vivarium. Between twelve to sixteen weeks, the froglet issupposed to totally absorb its stubby tail and leave the waterto become an adult frog. But something went wrong and ourfrogs are still in the tadpole stage.

We read that scientists are trying to discover the causes offrog deformities. Could you answer the questions we haveabout our frogs. What could be causing these problems? Doour frogs have a genetic disorder or is something in the watermaking them appear this way? Why are scientists concernedabout frogs? How do frogs grow normally? Since we arefourth graders we will need pictures and diagrams tounderstand the technical details. Perhaps a PowerPoint couldbe created.

As you can see from their questions my students are anxiousto find out what went wrong. Thank you for helping us. I’mglad that your students will be studying cell biology thissemester. Maybe my fourth graders can have this puzzlesolved before summer vacation begins.

Know and apply conceptsthat explain how living thingsfunction, adapt and change.

Know and apply conceptsthat explain how living thingsfunction, adapt and change.

Know and apply conceptsthat describe how living thingsinteract with their environment.

Product

Dear Mrs. Tamraz,

Something terrible has happened to the frogs in ourclassroom! I am sending pictures that we found on theInternet when we tried to discover what was happening to ourtadpoles. Our tadpoles look even more malformed becausethey are the same size of small frogs but they still have theirtails and no back LEGS!

The children in my room have taken such good care of theseanimals and they are worried that they will never developproperly. We received the eggs 4 months ago, read all aboutraising frogs and followed the directions carefully in setting upour vivarium. Between twelve to sixteen weeks, the froglet issupposed to totally absorb its stubby tail and leave the waterto become an adult frog. But something went wrong and ourfrogs are still in the tadpole stage.

We read that scientists are trying to discover the causes offrog deformities. Could you answer the questions we haveabout our frogs. What could be causing these problems? Doour frogs have a genetic disorder or is something in the watermaking them appear this way? Why are scientists concernedabout frogs? How do frogs grow normally? Since we arefourth graders we will need pictures and diagrams tounderstand the technical details. Perhaps a PowerPoint couldbe created.

As you can see from their questions my students are anxiousto find out what went wrong. Thank you for helping us. I’mglad that your students will be studying cell biology thissemester. Maybe my fourth graders can have this puzzlesolved before summer vacation begins.

Vocabulary knowledge is Vocabulary knowledge is the single most important the single most important factor contributing to factor contributing to reading comprehension.reading comprehension.J. G. Laflamme, The effect of the Multiple Exposure Vocabulary Method and the Target J. G. Laflamme, The effect of the Multiple Exposure Vocabulary Method and the Target Reading Writing Strategy on Test Scores. 1997Reading Writing Strategy on Test Scores. 1997

Vocabulary knowledge is Vocabulary knowledge is the single most important the single most important factor contributing to factor contributing to reading comprehension.reading comprehension.J. G. Laflamme, The effect of the Multiple Exposure Vocabulary Method and the Target J. G. Laflamme, The effect of the Multiple Exposure Vocabulary Method and the Target Reading Writing Strategy on Test Scores. 1997Reading Writing Strategy on Test Scores. 1997

Making Connections Making Connections with Wordswith Words

Making Connections Making Connections with Wordswith Words

Aspects of Content Area Vocabulary


Content vocabulary is rarely associated with words that students already know. Content vocabulary is rarely associated with words that students already know.

It consists of major concepts that undergrid a lesson or a unit of study.

It consists of major concepts that undergrid a lesson or a unit of study.

adaptationadaptationcamouflagecamouflage

predator

photosynthesis

nutrients

ox

yg

en

co2

http://www.fotosearch.com/viewcomp.asp?pp_sku=DGT151&image_name=ANI0006.jpg



Here is the book I want to read, PROPPED on my pillowWhat synonym can you give for propped?Here is the book I want to read, PROPPED on my pillowWhat synonym can you give for propped?

“Here is my shuttle with the astronaut crew that I’ll STASH with my cars.” (The Bag I’m Taking to Grandma’s House)What synonym can you give for stash?

“Here is my shuttle with the astronaut crew that I’ll STASH with my cars.” (The Bag I’m Taking to Grandma’s House)What synonym can you give for stash?

ColoniesColonies

HoneycombHoneycomb

PollenPollen

cirruscirruscumuluscumulus stratusstratus


Terms are often semantically related.


Terms are often semantically related.Armbruster and Nagy, Vocabulary in content area lessons. 1992Armbruster and Nagy, Vocabulary in content area lessons. 1992

Aesop’s Fable: The Fox & The Sick Lion Aesop’s Fable: The Fox & The Sick Lion

semantically unrelated

1.Integration (relating words to previous experiences)

2.Repetition

3.Meaningful use

1.Integration (relating words to previous experiences)

2.Repetition

3.Meaningful use

Three properties of

successful vocabulary instruction

Three properties of

successful vocabulary instruction

He was 91, __, strapped in a He was 91, __, strapped in a __ and hooked to __. His __ and hooked to __. His second __ almost finished him second __ almost finished him off, but he was alive with __ in off, but he was alive with __ in his nose. The fact that he his nose. The fact that he was still breathing irritated was still breathing irritated most of the __ below.most of the __ below.

He was 91, __, strapped in a He was 91, __, strapped in a __ and hooked to __. His __ and hooked to __. His second __ almost finished him second __ almost finished him off, but he was alive with __ in off, but he was alive with __ in his nose. The fact that he his nose. The fact that he was still breathing irritated was still breathing irritated most of the __ below.most of the __ below.

He was 91, He was 91, paralyzedparalyzed, strapped , strapped in a in a wheelchairwheelchair and hooked to and hooked to oxygenoxygen. His second . His second strokestroke almost finished him off, but he almost finished him off, but he was alive with was alive with oxygenoxygen in his in his nose. The fact that he was still nose. The fact that he was still breathing irritated most of the breathing irritated most of the mobmob below. below.

He was 91, He was 91, paralyzedparalyzed, strapped , strapped in a in a wheelchairwheelchair and hooked to and hooked to oxygenoxygen. His second . His second strokestroke almost finished him off, but he almost finished him off, but he was alive with was alive with oxygenoxygen in his in his nose. The fact that he was still nose. The fact that he was still breathing irritated most of the breathing irritated most of the mobmob below. below.

An unusual looking train has no An unusual looking train has no wheels. It is called a , wheels. It is called a , short for . short for . Strong on the bottom of Strong on the bottom of the train and on the raise the the train and on the raise the train slightly off the ground. The train slightly off the ground. The reduced means it can reduced means it can travel 341 miles per hour.travel 341 miles per hour.

An unusual looking train has no An unusual looking train has no wheels. It is called a , wheels. It is called a , short for . short for . Strong on the bottom of Strong on the bottom of the train and on the raise the the train and on the raise the train slightly off the ground. The train slightly off the ground. The reduced means it can reduced means it can travel 341 miles per hour.travel 341 miles per hour.

MaglevMaglevMaglevMaglev

magnetic levitationmagnetic levitationmagnetic levitationmagnetic levitation

magnetsmagnetsmagnetsmagnets

railsrailsrailsrails

frictionfrictionfrictionfriction

1.1. Integration (relating words Integration (relating words to previous experiences)to previous experiences)

2.2. Repetition Repetition

3.3. Meaningful useMeaningful use

1.1. Integration (relating words Integration (relating words to previous experiences)to previous experiences)

2.2. Repetition Repetition

3.3. Meaningful useMeaningful use

Three properties of Three properties of successful vocabulary successful vocabulary instructioninstruction

Three properties of Three properties of successful vocabulary successful vocabulary instructioninstruction

Open Word SortOpen Word SortOpen Word SortOpen Word Sort

Adenine cytosine hip dysplasia.

thymine chromosomes


meiosis DNA recessive phenotype genotype alleles dominant guanine centrioles Widow’s Peak

Closed Word SortClosed Word SortClosed Word SortClosed Word Sort

Adenine cytosine hip dysplasia

thymine chromosomes


meiosis DNA recessive phenotype genotype alleles dominant guanine centrioles Widow’ Peak

Categories:Categories:• genetic structuresgenetic structures• genetic expressionsgenetic expressions• cell processes and structures cell processes and structures • no clueno clue

Categories:Categories:• genetic structuresgenetic structures• genetic expressionsgenetic expressions• cell processes and structures cell processes and structures • no clueno clue

Closed Word SortClosed Word Sort

traits phenotype genotype alleles dominant recessiveWidow’s PeakHip dysplasia

Categories:• genetic structures• genetic expressions• cell processes and structures • no clue

Categories:• genetic structures• genetic expressions• cell processes and structures • no clue

genetic structuresgenetic structures

cell processes and structures cell processes and structures

genetic expressionsgenetic expressions

cell wall centrioles chromosomes golgi lysosomes mitochondria nucleus meiosis meitosis

adenine cytosine guanine thymine double helixDNA

36 inches

largest

FRUIT

FLOWERS

RADARSCREAM

Fruit Bats: Word SplashFruit Bats: Word SplashFruit Bats: Word SplashFruit Bats: Word Splash

Making Connections Making Connections With WordsWith Words

Making Connections Making Connections With WordsWith Words

and are connected because and are connected because

DNAphenotypegenotypecell wallRNAwidow’s peak

DNAphenotypegenotypecell wallRNAwidow’s peak

hip dysplaciadogsmeitosismeiosisgolgilodges

hip dysplaciadogsmeitosismeiosisgolgilodges

Anticipation GuidesAnticipation GuidesAnticipation GuidesAnticipation GuidesMeMe TextTextMeMe TextText

Mosquitoes eat plant nectar and pollinate Mosquitoes eat plant nectar and pollinate plants.plants.Mosquitoes eat plant nectar and pollinate Mosquitoes eat plant nectar and pollinate plants.plants.

Mosquitoes make great food for fish.Mosquitoes make great food for fish.Mosquitoes make great food for fish.Mosquitoes make great food for fish.

Honeydew is a favorite food of theHoneydew is a favorite food of themale mosquito.male mosquito.Honeydew is a favorite food of theHoneydew is a favorite food of themale mosquito.male mosquito.

The larvae do not breed successfully in The larvae do not breed successfully in water that has fish or frogs.water that has fish or frogs.The larvae do not breed successfully in The larvae do not breed successfully in water that has fish or frogs.water that has fish or frogs.

Mosquitoes are the most dangerous Mosquitoes are the most dangerous Animal in the world.Animal in the world.Mosquitoes are the most dangerous Mosquitoes are the most dangerous Animal in the world.Animal in the world.

Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Response Logs:Response Logs:Response Logs:Response Logs:

• reflecting on contentreflecting on content• reflecting on contentreflecting on content

• encourage the use of evidence encourage the use of evidence and examples that build meaningand examples that build meaning and limit irrelevant responsesand limit irrelevant responses

• encourage the use of evidence encourage the use of evidence and examples that build meaningand examples that build meaning and limit irrelevant responsesand limit irrelevant responses

Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Making Connections Making Connections by Reflectingby Reflecting

Making Connections Making Connections by Reflectingby Reflecting

Journaling Connections...Journaling Connections...Journaling Connections...Journaling Connections...I am really connecting with Niagara Falls again. It is a very I am really connecting with Niagara Falls again. It is a very beautiful place. In the future, I wish to go there again and take a beautiful place. In the future, I wish to go there again and take a lot of pictures. As my parents said, “You would make a great lot of pictures. As my parents said, “You would make a great photographer, Andrew.” I really enjoy it for its looks (physical photographer, Andrew.” I really enjoy it for its looks (physical characteristics) and the beautiful things people have done with it characteristics) and the beautiful things people have done with it (human characteristics) like tunnels and stunts. It fits all your (human characteristics) like tunnels and stunts. It fits all your vacation needs, great hotels and scenes. Once I see more vacation needs, great hotels and scenes. Once I see more landmarks I will visit Niagara Falls again.landmarks I will visit Niagara Falls again.

Earlier this week we made a list of things that were part of physical Earlier this week we made a list of things that were part of physical geography and human geography. The human list largely geography and human geography. The human list largely outnumbered the physical. This has made me realize how much outnumbered the physical. This has made me realize how much we are changing the environment to suit our (humans) own needs. we are changing the environment to suit our (humans) own needs. I have changed my environment in my living room to suit my own I have changed my environment in my living room to suit my own needs. I moved all the furniture, the treadmill, and the trampoline needs. I moved all the furniture, the treadmill, and the trampoline so I could dance and practice. My mom made me put it all back. I so I could dance and practice. My mom made me put it all back. I wish we could make humans put at least some of it back.wish we could make humans put at least some of it back.

I am really connecting with Niagara Falls again. It is a very I am really connecting with Niagara Falls again. It is a very beautiful place. In the future, I wish to go there again and take a beautiful place. In the future, I wish to go there again and take a lot of pictures. As my parents said, “You would make a great lot of pictures. As my parents said, “You would make a great photographer, Andrew.” I really enjoy it for its looks (physical photographer, Andrew.” I really enjoy it for its looks (physical characteristics) and the beautiful things people have done with it characteristics) and the beautiful things people have done with it (human characteristics) like tunnels and stunts. It fits all your (human characteristics) like tunnels and stunts. It fits all your vacation needs, great hotels and scenes. Once I see more vacation needs, great hotels and scenes. Once I see more landmarks I will visit Niagara Falls again.landmarks I will visit Niagara Falls again.

Earlier this week we made a list of things that were part of physical Earlier this week we made a list of things that were part of physical geography and human geography. The human list largely geography and human geography. The human list largely outnumbered the physical. This has made me realize how much outnumbered the physical. This has made me realize how much we are changing the environment to suit our (humans) own needs. we are changing the environment to suit our (humans) own needs. I have changed my environment in my living room to suit my own I have changed my environment in my living room to suit my own needs. I moved all the furniture, the treadmill, and the trampoline needs. I moved all the furniture, the treadmill, and the trampoline so I could dance and practice. My mom made me put it all back. I so I could dance and practice. My mom made me put it all back. I wish we could make humans put at least some of it back.wish we could make humans put at least some of it back.

More connections...More connections...More connections...More connections...I am Spanish, Mexican. In the last week I have learned many I am Spanish, Mexican. In the last week I have learned many things about the Spanish. I have learned that they discovered things about the Spanish. I have learned that they discovered many lands for Spain, although the Spanish and Mexican had many lands for Spain, although the Spanish and Mexican had war. They might not like each other, but I am still proud of being war. They might not like each other, but I am still proud of being Mexican and Spanish. The prejudice doesn’t make me ashamed Mexican and Spanish. The prejudice doesn’t make me ashamed of being who I am. I keep the Spanish Mexican Blood with the of being who I am. I keep the Spanish Mexican Blood with the honor.honor.

In Social Studies this week I read an article about the Europeans In Social Studies this week I read an article about the Europeans and Native American trading. I read that a lot of Native and Native American trading. I read that a lot of Native Americans were killed by germs that Europeans brought. It Americans were killed by germs that Europeans brought. It reminded me of the virus going around in mosquitoes. My dad reminded me of the virus going around in mosquitoes. My dad told me though, that a lot of people don’t die from that. It told me though, that a lot of people don’t die from that. It makes them real sick, but if they get treated quick they won’t makes them real sick, but if they get treated quick they won’t die. I wonder if the Native Americans could have been helped by die. I wonder if the Native Americans could have been helped by doctors. I think my dad is a Pathfinder because he always goes doctors. I think my dad is a Pathfinder because he always goes out of his way to make sure I know what is going on in the world.out of his way to make sure I know what is going on in the world.

I am Spanish, Mexican. In the last week I have learned many I am Spanish, Mexican. In the last week I have learned many things about the Spanish. I have learned that they discovered things about the Spanish. I have learned that they discovered many lands for Spain, although the Spanish and Mexican had many lands for Spain, although the Spanish and Mexican had war. They might not like each other, but I am still proud of being war. They might not like each other, but I am still proud of being Mexican and Spanish. The prejudice doesn’t make me ashamed Mexican and Spanish. The prejudice doesn’t make me ashamed of being who I am. I keep the Spanish Mexican Blood with the of being who I am. I keep the Spanish Mexican Blood with the honor.honor.

In Social Studies this week I read an article about the Europeans In Social Studies this week I read an article about the Europeans and Native American trading. I read that a lot of Native and Native American trading. I read that a lot of Native Americans were killed by germs that Europeans brought. It Americans were killed by germs that Europeans brought. It reminded me of the virus going around in mosquitoes. My dad reminded me of the virus going around in mosquitoes. My dad told me though, that a lot of people don’t die from that. It told me though, that a lot of people don’t die from that. It makes them real sick, but if they get treated quick they won’t makes them real sick, but if they get treated quick they won’t die. I wonder if the Native Americans could have been helped by die. I wonder if the Native Americans could have been helped by doctors. I think my dad is a Pathfinder because he always goes doctors. I think my dad is a Pathfinder because he always goes out of his way to make sure I know what is going on in the world.out of his way to make sure I know what is going on in the world.

And one more...And one more...The famous place I’m researching is the Alcazar Castle. The famous place I’m researching is the Alcazar Castle. My neighbor, who’s from Spain, has visited the castle. My neighbor, who’s from Spain, has visited the castle. Last night, we went over to his house and he gave me Last night, we went over to his house and he gave me some pictures and information about the Alcazar Castle. some pictures and information about the Alcazar Castle. A thing that I thought was very neat that he told me was A thing that I thought was very neat that he told me was that Walt Disney World copied the Alcazar castle’s top. I that Walt Disney World copied the Alcazar castle’s top. I think that my neighbor is a Pathfinder because he told me think that my neighbor is a Pathfinder because he told me things I didn’t know about the Alcazar.things I didn’t know about the Alcazar.

The famous place I’m researching is the Alcazar Castle. The famous place I’m researching is the Alcazar Castle. My neighbor, who’s from Spain, has visited the castle. My neighbor, who’s from Spain, has visited the castle. Last night, we went over to his house and he gave me Last night, we went over to his house and he gave me some pictures and information about the Alcazar Castle. some pictures and information about the Alcazar Castle. A thing that I thought was very neat that he told me was A thing that I thought was very neat that he told me was that Walt Disney World copied the Alcazar castle’s top. I that Walt Disney World copied the Alcazar castle’s top. I think that my neighbor is a Pathfinder because he told me think that my neighbor is a Pathfinder because he told me things I didn’t know about the Alcazar.things I didn’t know about the Alcazar.

Mini Lessons for Mini Lessons for Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Mini Lessons for Mini Lessons for Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Engaging the Learner (jigsaw and letter)

Power of Post-its (T/S, T/W, T/T) Open Sort/Closed Sort Connect Two Word Splash Anticipation Guides

Engaging the Learner (jigsaw and letter)

Power of Post-its (T/S, T/W, T/T) Open Sort/Closed Sort Connect Two Word Splash Anticipation Guides

•Guided PracticeGuided Practice•Guided PracticeGuided Practice Write the letter Select jigsaw materials and

organizer Choose book for modeling Text to

Text connections Select vocabulary strategy and

create student handouts Create anticipation guide

Write the letter Select jigsaw materials and

organizer Choose book for modeling Text to

Text connections Select vocabulary strategy and

create student handouts Create anticipation guide

Activities for Activities for Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Activities for Activities for Making ConnectionsMaking Connections

Engaging the Learner (activity and letter)Engaging the Learner (activity and letter) jigsaw activitiesjigsaw activities text to self, world, selftext to self, world, self Response JournalsResponse Journals Open Sort/Closed SortOpen Sort/Closed Sort Connect TwoConnect Two Word SplashWord Splash Anticipation GuidesAnticipation Guides

Engaging the Learner (activity and letter)Engaging the Learner (activity and letter) jigsaw activitiesjigsaw activities text to self, world, selftext to self, world, self Response JournalsResponse Journals Open Sort/Closed SortOpen Sort/Closed Sort Connect TwoConnect Two Word SplashWord Splash Anticipation GuidesAnticipation Guides

Making ConnectionsMaking ConnectionsMaking ConnectionsMaking Connections


Determining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDrawing InferencesDrawing InferencesDrawing InferencesDrawing Inferences


A sap-sucking insect may hold A sap-sucking insect may hold the key to a whole new class of the key to a whole new class of antibacterial drugs, say antibacterial drugs, say scientists who have been scientists who have been looking at how these creatures looking at how these creatures combat infection.combat infection.

A sap-sucking insect may hold A sap-sucking insect may hold the key to a whole new class of the key to a whole new class of antibacterial drugs, say antibacterial drugs, say scientists who have been scientists who have been looking at how these creatures looking at how these creatures combat infection.combat infection.

Questioning Questioning Moves Inquiry Moves Inquiry

ForwardForward

Questioning Questioning Moves Inquiry Moves Inquiry

ForwardForward

Readers ask questions to…Readers ask questions to…Readers ask questions to…Readers ask questions to…Find specific informationFind specific informationClarify confusionClarify confusionConstruct meaningConstruct meaningDiscover new informationDiscover new information

Find specific informationFind specific informationClarify confusionClarify confusionConstruct meaningConstruct meaningDiscover new informationDiscover new information

Question/Answer Relationship (QAR)Question/Answer Relationship (QAR)Question/Answer Relationship (QAR)Question/Answer Relationship (QAR)

IN THE BOOKIN THE BOOK Right There:Right There:

answer in text, easy to answer in text, easy to find; words used in find; words used in question and used in question and used in answer are in same answer are in same sentencesentence

IN THE BOOKIN THE BOOK Right There:Right There:

answer in text, easy to answer in text, easy to find; words used in find; words used in question and used in question and used in answer are in same answer are in same sentencesentence

IN MY HEADIN MY HEAD Author and You:Author and You:

answer not in text; must answer not in text; must think about what is think about what is known, what text is known, what text is saying and how it fits saying and how it fits together (inferring)together (inferring)

IN MY HEADIN MY HEAD Author and You:Author and You:

answer not in text; must answer not in text; must think about what is think about what is known, what text is known, what text is saying and how it fits saying and how it fits together (inferring)together (inferring)

Think and Search:Think and Search: words and answerswords and answers come from differentcome from different parts of text (or parts of text (or books)books)

Think and Search:Think and Search: words and answerswords and answers come from differentcome from different parts of text (or parts of text (or books)books)

On My Own:On My Own: using experiences using experiences

(schema) to answer (schema) to answer questionquestion

On My Own:On My Own: using experiences using experiences

(schema) to answer (schema) to answer questionquestion

There are how many types of bees?There are how many types of bees? How many eggs does the queen lay?How many eggs does the queen lay? What does the drone do?What does the drone do? Who feeds the larvae?Who feeds the larvae? What do worker bees do for the colony?What do worker bees do for the colony? What do bees do with pollen?What do bees do with pollen? Where do bees live?Where do bees live?

There are how many types of bees?There are how many types of bees? How many eggs does the queen lay?How many eggs does the queen lay? What does the drone do?What does the drone do? Who feeds the larvae?Who feeds the larvae? What do worker bees do for the colony?What do worker bees do for the colony? What do bees do with pollen?What do bees do with pollen? Where do bees live?Where do bees live?

In the Book (Gathering InformationIn the Book (Gathering InformationIn the Book (Gathering InformationIn the Book (Gathering Information

Right There:Right There:Right There:Right There:


Worker Bees…Worker Bees…•Make waxMake wax•Feed the larvaeFeed the larvae•Collect pollenCollect pollen•Store pollenStore pollen•Make honeyMake honey•Guard the hiveGuard the hive


In Your Head (Inference)In Your Head (Inference)In Your Head (Inference)In Your Head (Inference)

Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:

Drones mate with the queen.Drones mate with the queen.Drones mate with the queen.Drones mate with the queen.

Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.







On Your OwnOn Your Own

Do you know someone who Do you know someone who works as hard as the bee?works as hard as the bee?



Author and YouAuthor and You (Inference) (Inference)

Which bee is the busiest?Which bee is the busiest?

Why is it necessary for the Why is it necessary for the queen to lay so many eggs?queen to lay so many eggs?



Why is it necessary for the Why is it necessary for the queen to lay so many eggs?queen to lay so many eggs?

Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:

Drones mate with the queen bee.Drones mate with the queen bee.Drones mate with the queen bee.Drones mate with the queen bee.

Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.

Illinois CoalIllinois Coal How many people were employed by the Illinois How many people were employed by the Illinois

coal industry in 1980?coal industry in 1980?

Why is there interest in building coal-fired plants in Why is there interest in building coal-fired plants in

Illinois?Illinois?

What are problems that Illinois could face if large What are problems that Illinois could face if large

scale mining is reintroduced?scale mining is reintroduced?

If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower

your cost for energy?your cost for energy?

Illinois CoalIllinois Coal How many people were employed by the Illinois How many people were employed by the Illinois

coal industry in 1980?coal industry in 1980?

Why is there interest in building coal-fired plants in Why is there interest in building coal-fired plants in

Illinois?Illinois?

What are problems that Illinois could face if large What are problems that Illinois could face if large

scale mining is reintroduced?scale mining is reintroduced?

If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower

your cost for energy?your cost for energy?


Coal industry in Illinois Coal industry in Illinois employed 18000 people in 1980employed 18000 people in 1980Coal industry in Illinois Coal industry in Illinois employed 18000 people in 1980employed 18000 people in 1980

Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:Think and Search:Interest in Illinois CoalInterest in Illinois Coal• coal, nuclear provide mostcoal, nuclear provide most energy in Illinoisenergy in Illinois• provides new jobsprovides new jobs• keep present coal mines engagedkeep present coal mines engaged• higher natural gas priceshigher natural gas prices• ever increasing demand for energyever increasing demand for energy• State has coal reserve for 250 yearsState has coal reserve for 250 years

Interest in Illinois CoalInterest in Illinois Coal• coal, nuclear provide mostcoal, nuclear provide most energy in Illinoisenergy in Illinois• provides new jobsprovides new jobs• keep present coal mines engagedkeep present coal mines engaged• higher natural gas priceshigher natural gas prices• ever increasing demand for energyever increasing demand for energy• State has coal reserve for 250 yearsState has coal reserve for 250 years



If prices continue to rise what If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower your cost will you do to lower your cost for energy?for energy?


If prices continue to rise what If prices continue to rise what will you do to lower your cost will you do to lower your cost for energy?for energy?


What problems would we face if What problems would we face if large scale mining were large scale mining were introduced?introduced?


What problems would we face if What problems would we face if large scale mining were large scale mining were introduced?introduced?


Want Milk? Get Goats Want Milk? Get Goats (Mother Earth News June/July 2002)(Mother Earth News June/July 2002)

Students write questions based on their reading of Students write questions based on their reading of a text (one Right There and one Think and a text (one Right There and one Think and Search)Search)

Student reads one question to a groupStudent reads one question to a group Student calls on a volunteerStudent calls on a volunteer Volunteer answers and now reads one of his/her Volunteer answers and now reads one of his/her

own questionsown questions Continue until everyone has asked and answered Continue until everyone has asked and answered

onceonce

Want Milk? Get Goats Want Milk? Get Goats (Mother Earth News June/July 2002)(Mother Earth News June/July 2002)

Students write questions based on their reading of Students write questions based on their reading of a text (one Right There and one Think and a text (one Right There and one Think and Search)Search)

Student reads one question to a groupStudent reads one question to a group Student calls on a volunteerStudent calls on a volunteer Volunteer answers and now reads one of his/her Volunteer answers and now reads one of his/her

own questionsown questions Continue until everyone has asked and answered Continue until everyone has asked and answered

onceonce

Write Team QuestionsWrite Team Questions

Writing questions:Writing questions: Each participant creates four questions Each participant creates four questions

representing each type on the QARrepresenting each type on the QAR Write the questions on chart paper labeled Write the questions on chart paper labeled

Right There, Think and Search, Author and Right There, Think and Search, Author and You, On My OwnYou, On My Own

Participants are given colored dots; critique Participants are given colored dots; critique questions listed and use a dot if the question questions listed and use a dot if the question belongs to a different categorybelongs to a different category

Writing questions:Writing questions: Each participant creates four questions Each participant creates four questions

representing each type on the QARrepresenting each type on the QAR Write the questions on chart paper labeled Write the questions on chart paper labeled

Right There, Think and Search, Author and Right There, Think and Search, Author and You, On My OwnYou, On My Own

Participants are given colored dots; critique Participants are given colored dots; critique questions listed and use a dot if the question questions listed and use a dot if the question belongs to a different categorybelongs to a different category

http://www.yahooligans.com/content/animals/species/3595.html

Where do ants live?

http://www.bijlmakers.com/entomology/begin.htm#anatomy

Under “Insect anatomy,”

What are the body parts of an insect?

http://research.amnh.org/entomology/social_insects/ants/ant_colony_cycle.html

How does an ant colony begin?

Where does the queen search for food?

What are the queen’s responsibilities?

How often do the ants need to be fed?

What are the jobs of the worker ants?

What is the larval phase?

What happens when the colony queen dies?

Mini Lessons for Mini Lessons for Asking QuestionsAsking QuestionsMini Lessons for Mini Lessons for Asking QuestionsAsking Questions

Question and Answer Relationships Question and Answer Relationships Using Questions to Comprehend TextUsing Questions to Comprehend Text

Write Team Questions Write Team Questions Developing Four Types of QuestionsDeveloping Four Types of Questions

Question and Answer Relationships Question and Answer Relationships Using Questions to Comprehend TextUsing Questions to Comprehend Text

Write Team Questions Write Team Questions Developing Four Types of QuestionsDeveloping Four Types of Questions

Guided Practice for Guided Practice for Asking QuestionsAsking Questions Determine strategy for teaching Determine strategy for teaching

Question and Answer RelationshipsQuestion and Answer Relationships Select an article and create Select an article and create

questions to show students how to questions to show students how to use questions to comprehend textuse questions to comprehend text

Choose an article for students to use Choose an article for students to use to create their own questionsto create their own questions


Asking QuestionsAsking Questions




Getting Started: “What is important in this Getting Started: “What is important in this unit?”unit?”

Getting Started: “What is important in this Getting Started: “What is important in this unit?”unit?”

YourYourtopictopicYourYourtopictopic



Interactions betweenpeople and environmentleads to development of

culture.



Essential Question:Essential Question:How do interactions How do interactions between people and the between people and the environment lead to the environment lead to the development or decline of development or decline of a civilization?a civilization?

The Features The Features of Nonfiction Textof Nonfiction Text

The Features The Features of Nonfiction Textof Nonfiction Text

Table of ContentsTable of Contents IndexIndex Titles, HeadingsTitles, Headings Font SizeFont Size Font StyleFont Style Tables, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams, Tables, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams,

Labels, CaptionsLabels, Captions

Table of ContentsTable of Contents IndexIndex Titles, HeadingsTitles, Headings Font SizeFont Size Font StyleFont Style Tables, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams, Tables, Graphs, Charts, Diagrams,

Labels, CaptionsLabels, Captions

Nonfiction Nonfiction Text StructuresText Structures


Cause-Effect Cause-Effect Problem-SolutionProblem-Solution Compare/Contrast Compare/Contrast DescriptionDescription Chronological SequenceChronological Sequence EpisodicEpisodic DefinitionDefinition

Cause-Effect Cause-Effect Problem-SolutionProblem-Solution Compare/Contrast Compare/Contrast DescriptionDescription Chronological SequenceChronological Sequence EpisodicEpisodic DefinitionDefinition



Ironically, a big contributor to high gasoline prices Ironically, a big contributor to high gasoline prices has been good environmental intentions. A web of has been good environmental intentions. A web of regional clean-air regulations require that up to a regional clean-air regulations require that up to a third of all gas sold in the U.S. be blended in complex third of all gas sold in the U.S. be blended in complex ways for cleaner emissions. The regulations are ways for cleaner emissions. The regulations are strictest in California, where, not surprisingly, strictest in California, where, not surprisingly, gasoline is most expensive. Blending costs an extra gasoline is most expensive. Blending costs an extra nickel per gallon in the Golden State and .3¢ in smog nickel per gallon in the Golden State and .3¢ in smog zones in other parts of the country. Because there zones in other parts of the country. Because there are more than a dozen types of “reformulated” are more than a dozen types of “reformulated” gasolines, every refinery faces added costs.gasolines, every refinery faces added costs.

Ironically, a big contributor to high gasoline prices Ironically, a big contributor to high gasoline prices has been good environmental intentions. A web of has been good environmental intentions. A web of regional clean-air regulations require that up to a regional clean-air regulations require that up to a third of all gas sold in the U.S. be blended in complex third of all gas sold in the U.S. be blended in complex ways for cleaner emissions. The regulations are ways for cleaner emissions. The regulations are strictest in California, where, not surprisingly, strictest in California, where, not surprisingly, gasoline is most expensive. Blending costs an extra gasoline is most expensive. Blending costs an extra nickel per gallon in the Golden State and .3¢ in smog nickel per gallon in the Golden State and .3¢ in smog zones in other parts of the country. Because there zones in other parts of the country. Because there are more than a dozen types of “reformulated” are more than a dozen types of “reformulated” gasolines, every refinery faces added costs.gasolines, every refinery faces added costs.



Cause/ Eff ect

Event :

Event :

Event :

Event :

Event :

E. Alford, 2002

Clean-air regulations

1/3 of all gas is blended

Blended costs .5 in California

More than a dozen types reformulated

Every refinery faces added costs resulting in higher gasoline prices



Cause/ Eff ect

Event :

Event :

Event :

Event :

Event :

E. Alford, 2002

Read: Northern Lights

Describe the auroraborealis

Melted metal makes up part of Earth’s core.

Moving metal creates a magnetic field around the planet.

The field pulls and pushes metals.

The field traps fast moving particles from the Sun.

The particles make Earth’s gases glow.

The glowing gases make colorful bands of light called

auroras.

Visualize...Visualize...Visualize...Visualize...

Nonfiction Text Structures

Nonfiction Text Structures

Problem/ Soluti on

E. Alford, 2002

High gas prices.Environmental mandates.

Emissions regulations sparked interest in all-electric vehicles.

Battery-powered cars run out of juice quickly, take long time to recharge, energy packs expensive.

Hybrid cars: the biggest automobile innovation in a century.

Consists of small gas engine linked to a compact, direct-current electric motor. A computer directs their interaction.

Hard driving uses both systems; at cruising speeds, gas goes it alone. While slowing or rolling downhill electricity is sent to battery.

Sexy Fuel Sippers, Discover, April 2000

Problem/ Soluti on

Text Structures: Compare/ContrastText Structures: Compare/ContrastText Structures: Compare/ContrastText Structures: Compare/Contrast

Alike

Topic: _________________Economy

North South

Different

labor

goodsservices

workingconditions

resources

Text Structures: DescriptionText Structures: DescriptionText Structures: DescriptionText Structures: DescriptionTopic:

Main idea or summary:

Detail:

Detail:

Detail:

Detail:

Detail:

E. Alford, 2002

Structured Note Taking Structured Note Taking FormatsFormats

Structured Note Taking Structured Note Taking FormatsFormats

All of this information combined All of this information combined can help us understand...can help us understand...

All of this information combined All of this information combined can help us understand...can help us understand...

Topic:

What problems wereexperienced?

What led to these problems? How were the problemsresolved?

Ancient Civilizations, Workers, Ancient Civilizations, Workers, Leaders of Civil War, SerfsLeaders of Civil War, SerfsAncient Civilizations, Workers, Ancient Civilizations, Workers, Leaders of Civil War, SerfsLeaders of Civil War, Serfs

Topic:

Positi on orHypothesisFa ctualSupport

Additi onalData

Examples

I mporta nce

Str uctured Note Taking

Topic:

Positi on orHypothesisFa ctualSupport

Additi ona lData

Examples

I mporta nce

Str uctured Note Taking

Water supply and quality

Water shortages will lead to conflicts

•Populations grew near rivers• water is being pumped from aquifers to meet increased demand (enough to raise sea levels)• populations are growing• aquifers are slow to recharge (15,000 years)• per capita consumption is 2x’s population • water is scarce if more than 20% of flow

is diverted for local use• in 1995, more than 1/3 of world pop. of 5.7+ billion lived in such areas• 70% of earth’s surface is water, 96.5 is salty; 2% is ice; 1% available

• Pakistan and India fight over boundary waters• Western States compete for water• 22 countries deptendent on water from other nations (Egypt, Pakistan, India)

• Conservation will be expected in areas that have adequate supplies• researching inexpensive ways to desalinate seawater should be supported• limiting population growth should be a priority

Note taking formatsNote taking formatsEvent:Year(s):Description:

Graphic:

Significance:

John Smith and other English settlers established Jamestown

1607 An expidition was financed to Chesapeake Bay with more than 100 colonists. They found a spot on the James River and named it Jamestown. Jamestown colonists had many hardships. They spent time searching for gold instead of finding food.

Jamestown

Colonists realized they need to grow crops for food instead of just searching for gold.

Note taking formatsNote taking formats

Event:Year(s):Description:

Graphic:

Significance:

slavery

1500Starting in the early 1500’s Europeans started trading Africans For slaves. The slaves were traded like objects. Africans were transported over the Atlantic to America.

People working in field

It led to racism.

Location Name

LocationRelative Absolute

Countyseat

Neighboringvillages, towns

Landmarks inall directionsfrom a point

Street orruraladdress

Use ofan atlas

Map:symbols,scale &distance,grids, index,

compass rose,

key

Place

wildlife

wildlife

landforms

climate

vegitation

Soil, water,other resources

ethnic groups

Physicalcharacteristics

Humancharacteristics

socioeconomic levels

religious affiliations

education levels

recreation

architecture

government,schools

land use

Site Street Address: To the North: To the South: To the East: To the West:

Neighborhood Geography Walk

Site Physical Characteristics Human Characteristics

Neighborhood Geography Walk

Examples of Physical Characteristics:soil, water, climate, landforms,wildlife, etc.

Examples of Human Characteristics: demographics, government, land use,architecture, population density

Location Name

LocationRelative Absolute

Countyseat

Neighboringvillages, towns

Landmarks inall directionsfrom a point

Street orruraladdress

Use ofan atlas

Map:symbols,scale &distance,grids, index,

compass rose,

key

Place

wildlife

wildlife

landforms

climate

vegitation

Soil, water,other resources

ethnic groups

Physicalcharacteristics

Humancharacteristics

socioeconomic levels

religious affiliations

education levels

recreation

architecture

government,schools

land use

HumanEnvironmentInteraction

Politicalactions

housing history

economics

Location Place

Absolute Relative Human Physical

Illinois

Name: ____________________________________

What are the parts of a tree and what do they do?

Tree Part What does it do?

Draw a picture of a tree’s life cycle.

What are the two main types of trees? How can you tell them apart?

In the box below, draw a picture of your favorite tree. Next to the picture,explain how to identify this tree.

What products are made from trees? How are trees important inyour life?

•determining importancedetermining importance

•paraphrasingparaphrasing

•promoting understandingpromoting understanding

•determining importancedetermining importance

•paraphrasingparaphrasing

•promoting understandingpromoting understanding

EyesMost breeds require eye checks of some sort, for a variety ofproblems. These include, but are not limited to problems such as

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA). This disease eventuallycauses total blindness. In some breeds the onset is quick, beforethe dog is two or three. In others, the onset is much later, when thedog is four to eight years old (and may have already been bred).Irish Setters have a test available that can detect carriers andaffected dogs; other breeds do not have this recourse. It appears tobe a simple autosonomal recessive, but the late onset complicatesbreeding programs. If a dog is affected, then both parents areeither carriers or also affected.

G.I.S.T.

Important Words And Concepts (IWAC)

A B C D E F G H

I J K L M N O P

Q R S T U V W X

Y Z

Reading Strategy: Determining Importance

Finding Important Finding Important InformationInformation

Finding Important Finding Important InformationInformation

Concept Definition MappingConcept Definition MappingConcept Definition MappingConcept Definition Mapping

Graphic organizers help Graphic organizers help students understand the students understand the essential attributes, qualities, essential attributes, qualities, and characteristics of a and characteristics of a word’s meaning.word’s meaning.

Graphic organizers help Graphic organizers help students understand the students understand the essential attributes, qualities, essential attributes, qualities, and characteristics of a and characteristics of a word’s meaning.word’s meaning.

Graphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersGraphic OrganizersGraphic Organizers

Semantic Features ChartSemantic Features Chart

History ofuse: pastand present

Cost factors Threats toenvironment

Availability

oil

coal

biomass

dams

solar

naturalgas

Change Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a Tree

Maple key

(seed)

Fallsfrom

mature

tree.

Spinsto

forest

floor.

Liesunder

leaves all

winter.

Mapel seed

sprouts

Seed

inside

key

swells.

Seedcoat

splits

apart.

Tiny root

creepsinto the

damp soil.

Seedling

grows

Stretchesleaves to

sun.

Leavesmake

chlorophyll

and food

Becomes

dormant

in winter.

Tree

matures

Producesblossoms

which are

fertilized.

Smooth

trunk

becomes

rough.

Makes

moremaple

keys(seeds).

Tree dies

Maple

can live

for 200

years.

Manyholes

made byanimals

lightening

Not

enoughsap can

feedgrowth.

Change Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a TreeChange Over Time: Life Cycle of a Tree

Investigating InformationInvestigating InformationInvestigating InformationInvestigating Information

BAT

MOUSE

HAS WINGS

MAMMAL

USES “RADAR”

Properties:Properties:Describe it.Properties:Properties:Describe it.

Category:Category:What is it?Category:Category:What is it?

ComparisonWhat is it like?What is it like?ComparisonWhat is it like?What is it like?

Illustrations: What are some Illustrations: What are some examples?examples?Illustrations: What are some Illustrations: What are some examples?examples?

ANIMAL

FRUIT

INSECT-EATING

VAMPIRE

Polygon

Pentagon

MathematicalShape

What is it?

Hexagon Rhombus

Closed

Plane Figure

Straight Sides

What is it like?

What are some examples?

Two-dimensional

Made of Line Segments

Circle

Compare it to

Concept Definition MappingConcept Definition MappingConcept Definition MappingConcept Definition Mapping

A polygon is a closed mathematical A polygon is a closed mathematical shape. The line segments that make shape. The line segments that make up the sides of a polygon are straight. up the sides of a polygon are straight. It has two dimensions: height and It has two dimensions: height and width. Some examples of polygons width. Some examples of polygons are the five sided pentagon, the four-are the five sided pentagon, the four-sided rhombus, and te six-sided sided rhombus, and te six-sided hexagon.hexagon.

A polygon is a closed mathematical A polygon is a closed mathematical shape. The line segments that make shape. The line segments that make up the sides of a polygon are straight. up the sides of a polygon are straight. It has two dimensions: height and It has two dimensions: height and width. Some examples of polygons width. Some examples of polygons are the five sided pentagon, the four-are the five sided pentagon, the four-sided rhombus, and te six-sided sided rhombus, and te six-sided hexagon.hexagon.

DESERT

SPECIALCLIMATE

RAIN FOREST

less than 25cm of rainfall

no cloud cover; winds dry land

heat radiates into dry air at night

PropertiesWhat is it like?

Comparison

Mojave Gobi Sahara

Illustrations: What are some examples?

Category

What is it?

A desert is a specific climate on Earth. A desert is a specific climate on Earth. Unlike a rainforest, a desert has less Unlike a rainforest, a desert has less than 25 cm. of rainfall. It also lacks than 25 cm. of rainfall. It also lacks cloud cover and has high winds. The cloud cover and has high winds. The heat radiates into dry air at night. Some heat radiates into dry air at night. Some examples of famous deserts are the examples of famous deserts are the Mojave in California, the Gobi in Asia, Mojave in California, the Gobi in Asia, and the Sahara in Africa. and the Sahara in Africa.

A desert is a specific climate on Earth. A desert is a specific climate on Earth. Unlike a rainforest, a desert has less Unlike a rainforest, a desert has less than 25 cm. of rainfall. It also lacks than 25 cm. of rainfall. It also lacks cloud cover and has high winds. The cloud cover and has high winds. The heat radiates into dry air at night. Some heat radiates into dry air at night. Some examples of famous deserts are the examples of famous deserts are the Mojave in California, the Gobi in Asia, Mojave in California, the Gobi in Asia, and the Sahara in Africa. and the Sahara in Africa.

CivilWar

What is it?What are the parts?

What are some examples?

Compare it to

Non-ExamplesExamples

CharacteristicsDefinition

word

The Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelThe Frayer Model

Non- Examplesfrog

snake

turtle

butterfly

Examples

Characteristicswarm-blooded

have fur

produce milk

DefinitionA member of a class of higher vertebrates

The Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelThe Frayer ModelThe Frayer Model

•human

•squirrel

•dog

•bat

mammal

•spider

•lizard

•shark

•chicken

•horse

•whale

•cow

•rabbit

Activities for Activities for Determining ImportanceDetermining Importance

Activities for Activities for Determining ImportanceDetermining Importance

The Structures of Nonfiction TextThe Structures of Nonfiction Text Finding Important Information Finding Important Information

Rather Than One Main IdeaRather Than One Main Idea Key Points vs. Supporting DetailsKey Points vs. Supporting Details Taking NotesTaking Notes Graphic OrganizersGraphic Organizers

The Structures of Nonfiction TextThe Structures of Nonfiction Text Finding Important Information Finding Important Information

Rather Than One Main IdeaRather Than One Main Idea Key Points vs. Supporting DetailsKey Points vs. Supporting Details Taking NotesTaking Notes Graphic OrganizersGraphic Organizers

Making Connections Making Connections Making Connections Making Connections





A volunteer, please…

““Inferential thinking occurs Inferential thinking occurs when text clues merge with when text clues merge with the reader’s prior the reader’s prior knowledge and questions to knowledge and questions to point toward . . . a point toward . . . a conclusion in the text.”conclusion in the text.”

Goudvis & Harvey, 2000Goudvis & Harvey, 2000

““Inferential thinking occurs Inferential thinking occurs when text clues merge with when text clues merge with the reader’s prior the reader’s prior knowledge and questions to knowledge and questions to point toward . . . a point toward . . . a conclusion in the text.”conclusion in the text.”



Right There:Right There:Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Right There:Right There:Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.Queens Lay 1500 eggs each day.

Right There:Right There:Drones mate with the queen bee.Drones mate with the queen bee.Right There:Right There:Drones mate with the queen bee.Drones mate with the queen bee.










Why is it necessary for the queen Why is it necessary for the queen to lay so many eggs?to lay so many eggs?



Why is it necessary for the queen Why is it necessary for the queen to lay so many eggs?to lay so many eggs?

Making InferencesMaking InferencesMaking InferencesMaking Inferences

FactsFactsFactsFacts InferencesInferencesInferencesInferences

• Because nuclear generated Because nuclear generated electricity does not emit carbonelectricity does not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,dioxide into the atmosphere, nuclear power plants in the U.S.nuclear power plants in the U.S. prevent as much greenhouseprevent as much greenhouse emissions as taking 5 billion carsemissions as taking 5 billion cars off our streets and highways.off our streets and highways.

• Because nuclear generated Because nuclear generated electricity does not emit carbonelectricity does not emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,dioxide into the atmosphere, nuclear power plants in the U.S.nuclear power plants in the U.S. prevent as much greenhouseprevent as much greenhouse emissions as taking 5 billion carsemissions as taking 5 billion cars off our streets and highways.off our streets and highways.

• Cars emit carbon dioxide.Cars emit carbon dioxide.• Cars emit carbon dioxide.Cars emit carbon dioxide.

• Carbon dioxide is a greenhouseCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.gas.• Carbon dioxide is a greenhouseCarbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.gas.

• Other methods of generating Other methods of generating electricity may produce greenhouseelectricity may produce greenhouse gases as a by-product.gases as a by-product.

• Other methods of generating Other methods of generating electricity may produce greenhouseelectricity may produce greenhouse gases as a by-product.gases as a by-product.

David woke up 15 minutes late. As soon as he saw David woke up 15 minutes late. As soon as he saw the clock, he jumped out of bed and headed for the the clock, he jumped out of bed and headed for the shower, afraid he’d miss the bus again. He looked shower, afraid he’d miss the bus again. He looked in the dryer for his favorite jeans, but they were in the dryer for his favorite jeans, but they were actually still in the washing machine. “Dang! I told actually still in the washing machine. “Dang! I told my sister to put my stuff in the dryer! Now what am my sister to put my stuff in the dryer! Now what am I going to wear today?” After settling for a pair of I going to wear today?” After settling for a pair of baggy shorts and a Hilfiger rugby shirt, he grabbed baggy shorts and a Hilfiger rugby shirt, he grabbed a bag of chips and a soda form the kitchen, and a bag of chips and a soda form the kitchen, and searched frantically for his history book. When he searched frantically for his history book. When he found it, he put it in his backpack, along with his found it, he put it in his backpack, along with his breakfast, his hat, and his lucky deck of cards. As breakfast, his hat, and his lucky deck of cards. As he ran to the bus stop, he told himself, I will not he ran to the bus stop, he told himself, I will not stay up late watching wrestling anymore!”stay up late watching wrestling anymore!”

David woke up 15 minutes late. As soon as he saw David woke up 15 minutes late. As soon as he saw the clock, he jumped out of bed and headed for the the clock, he jumped out of bed and headed for the shower, afraid he’d miss the bus again. He looked shower, afraid he’d miss the bus again. He looked in the dryer for his favorite jeans, but they were in the dryer for his favorite jeans, but they were actually still in the washing machine. “Dang! I told actually still in the washing machine. “Dang! I told my sister to put my stuff in the dryer! Now what am my sister to put my stuff in the dryer! Now what am I going to wear today?” After settling for a pair of I going to wear today?” After settling for a pair of baggy shorts and a Hilfiger rugby shirt, he grabbed baggy shorts and a Hilfiger rugby shirt, he grabbed a bag of chips and a soda form the kitchen, and a bag of chips and a soda form the kitchen, and searched frantically for his history book. When he searched frantically for his history book. When he found it, he put it in his backpack, along with his found it, he put it in his backpack, along with his breakfast, his hat, and his lucky deck of cards. As breakfast, his hat, and his lucky deck of cards. As he ran to the bus stop, he told himself, I will not he ran to the bus stop, he told himself, I will not stay up late watching wrestling anymore!”stay up late watching wrestling anymore!”

QARQARQARQAR What did David do as soon as he What did David do as soon as he

saw the clock?saw the clock? How did David get ready to leave How did David get ready to leave

the house?the house? Where was David headed that day?Where was David headed that day? Should parents always wake their Should parents always wake their

kids up in the morning?kids up in the morning?

What did David do as soon as he What did David do as soon as he saw the clock?saw the clock?

How did David get ready to leave How did David get ready to leave the house?the house?

Where was David headed that day?Where was David headed that day? Should parents always wake their Should parents always wake their

kids up in the morning?kids up in the morning?R. Schoenbach, C. Greenleaf, et.al., R. Schoenbach, C. Greenleaf, et.al., Reading for UnderstandingReading for UnderstandingR. Schoenbach, C. Greenleaf, et.al., R. Schoenbach, C. Greenleaf, et.al., Reading for UnderstandingReading for Understanding

DavidDavidRight There:Right There:•What did David do as soon as he saw the clock?What did David do as soon as he saw the clock?•What type of shirt did David put on?What type of shirt did David put on?

Think and SearchThink and Search•What did David look for before he left the house?What did David look for before he left the house?•What steps did David take to get ready to leave the house?What steps did David take to get ready to leave the house?

Author and MeAuthor and Me•Where was David headed that morning?Where was David headed that morning?•What time of day was David getting ready to go?What time of day was David getting ready to go?

•On My OwnOn My Own•Should parents wake their children up for school?Should parents wake their children up for school?

DavidDavidRight There:Right There:•What did David do as soon as he saw the clock?What did David do as soon as he saw the clock?•What type of shirt did David put on?What type of shirt did David put on?

Think and SearchThink and Search•What did David look for before he left the house?What did David look for before he left the house?•What steps did David take to get ready to leave the house?What steps did David take to get ready to leave the house?

Author and MeAuthor and Me•Where was David headed that morning?Where was David headed that morning?•What time of day was David getting ready to go?What time of day was David getting ready to go?

•On My OwnOn My Own•Should parents wake their children up for school?Should parents wake their children up for school?

The Northwest, which exports The Northwest, which exports hydroelectric power, has experienced hydroelectric power, has experienced one of the driest winters on record.one of the driest winters on record.

The Northwest, which exports The Northwest, which exports hydroelectric power, has experienced hydroelectric power, has experienced one of the driest winters on record.one of the driest winters on record.

Energy surpluses from other states Energy surpluses from other states normally make up California’s normally make up California’s shortfalls.shortfalls.

Energy surpluses from other states Energy surpluses from other states normally make up California’s normally make up California’s shortfalls.shortfalls.

No matter where you live, you’re No matter where you live, you’re dependent on neighboring states for dependent on neighboring states for electricity.electricity.

No matter where you live, you’re No matter where you live, you’re dependent on neighboring states for dependent on neighboring states for electricity.electricity.

conservation


Asking QuestionsAsking QuestionsAsking QuestionsAsking QuestionsDetermining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining ImportanceDetermining Importance



““Synthesis at the highest level Synthesis at the highest level goes beyond merely taking goes beyond merely taking stock of meaning as one reads. stock of meaning as one reads. A true synthesis is achieved A true synthesis is achieved when a new perspective or when a new perspective or thought is born out of the thought is born out of the reading.”reading.”


““Synthesis at the highest level Synthesis at the highest level goes beyond merely taking goes beyond merely taking stock of meaning as one reads. stock of meaning as one reads. A true synthesis is achieved A true synthesis is achieved when a new perspective or when a new perspective or thought is born out of the thought is born out of the reading.”reading.”


Class/Individual Response LogsClass/Individual Response Logs

Creating the Final ProductCreating the Final Product

Class/Individual Response LogsClass/Individual Response Logs

Creating the Final ProductCreating the Final Product

Supporting Students Supporting Students with Synthesiswith Synthesis

Supporting Students Supporting Students with Synthesiswith Synthesis

Final Product OrganizerFinal Product OrganizerFinal Product OrganizerFinal Product OrganizerCompare features of planets

to earth:

• Temperature

• Surface• Atmosphere/weather

• Sun’s affect

• Revolution/rotation• Moons

Constellations:

• Diagrams• Location in sky

• History

• Myths

Exploration

• Names of missions• Time and distance

• Manned or unmanned

• Day in the life of anastronaut

Descriptive information about

the planet:• Distance from sun

• Order of the planet

• Geophysical features• Phases/years

• How it was named

• Time needed to travel fromEarth using NASA fleet

2Interactions of solar bodies:

• Comets• Meteors

• Asteroids

• Moons• Other planets

• Earth

• Sun

Goldilocks

• Temperature/seasons• Distance from sun

• Surface

• Atmosphere• Jupiter as guardian

Explain Earth as the

“Goldilocks” planet and whywe must care for our planet.

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Emily Alford

(847)397-1665

Emily Alford

(847)397-1665

Reading in the Content Areas andand Modeling the Inquiry Methods Buy a car? Senior going to college?...

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