Reading #1: LBJ & The Great Society
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Transcript of Reading #1: LBJ & The Great Society
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Reading #1: LBJ & The Great Society
Objectives…•Summarize the goals of the Great Society.•Identify the reforms of the Warren Court.•Evaluate the impact of the Great Society programs.
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LBJ’s path to power…• 1908: Born a rural Texan• 1937: 6 term New Deal Congressman• 1948: Texas Senator • 1955: Senate Majority Leader
• 1960 JFK’s VP …“President by accident” • 1964 elected President
FDR meets a young LBJ
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Five days after the assassination, LBJ tells Congress…“…let us highly resolve that John Fitzgerald Kennedy did not live…. or…die in vain” - LBJ
LBJ taking the oath of office on Nov. 22, 1963
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Civil Rights Act of 1964• JFK introduced the CR bill following Birmingham
Spring (1963) & it stalled in Congress.• JFK is assassinated in Nov, 1963• LBJ persuades Senators to pass the CR bill
The 1964 Civil Rights Act: Makes segregation in public places is illegal & bans discrimination in
employment, unions & in gov. programs.
LBJ signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act July, 1964
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The CR movement creates an awareness of…
• Poverty• Unemployment• Low wages• A lack of voter rights• Discrimination
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The Other America (1962) by M. Harrington
• Claims 20% of America is…– Inadequately housed– Malnourished– No or poor medical care– Below poverty level
“What good was winning the right to sit at the lunch counter if one could not afford to buy a hamburger” …
Out of Many
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The Great Society• The most far reaching social reform since the
New Deal
Goals…• End poverty• Protect minorities • Provide jobs• Protect consumers• Improve children’s health• Improve medical care
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The 1964
Election
Johnson v. Goldwater
The Democrats portrayed LBJ as a man of peace & Goldwater as a militaristic kook.
Goldwater's slogan, "In Your Heart You Know He's Right," was changed to "In Your Heart You
Know He Might."
Johnson’s 1964 Campaign AdPeace, Little Girl
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tf-MEdAPhYA
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The Election of 1964 Republican - Barry Goldwater
• Conservative…- Attacks Social Security & TVA- Suggests nuclear weapons in Vietnam
& Cuba
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The Election of 1964 LBJ Goldwater
Electoral: 486 52Pop. vote %: 61% 31.4%
– Democratic majorities in both houses of Congress– A mandate for change
AKA“Landslide Lyndon”
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The War on PovertyThe 1964 State of the Union address…
“This administration today, here and now declares unconditional war on poverty” – LBJ
LBJ State of the Union War on Povertyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qfT03Ihtlds
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Job Corps• Provides disadvantaged youth with jobs and
training to succeed in the workforce.
Job Corps – Engine Repair Class
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VISTAVolunteers In Service to America
•Opportunities for education, training, work, and live decently.•A domestic version of the Peace Corps.
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Community Action Programs (CAP)
Legal Services Program - Provides legal help for poor people
Community Health Centers - Basic medical services for
people who are too poor to see a doctor
Upward Bound - Established to give children who areunlikely to attend college (poverty, living rurally) themoney, skills and tools they need to succeed in college.
Head Start - Prepared disadvantaged preschool
children for elementary school.
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Medicare / Medicaid
• Medicare -Health insurance coverage to people aged 65
• Medicaid – Health insurance for the poor
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LBJ & Housing….•Created Dept. of HUD•Appoints 1st AA Cabinet member to HU)•250K units of public housing•$ to low & moderate income families to buy homes
Civil Rights Act of 1968 Prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental &
financing of housing.
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Mixed results for the Great Societies War on Poverty…
• 1959: 26% at poverty level• 1969: 12% at poverty level• 1970 report: “barely scratched the surface”• 75% of $ spent above poverty level• Welfare $: 1960: 7%
1974: 16%
Why did conservatives criticize the Great Society?
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Consumer Protection…• Unsafe at Any Speed
by Ralph Nader – Federal safety
standards for automobiles & tires
– State highway safety laws
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Environmental Concerns…
• Water Quality Act (1965)- Drinking water standards• Air Quality Act (1967)- Air quality standards
Silent Spring (1962)- by Rachel Carson
Exposes the effects of pesticides
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Immigration Act of 1965
• Reversed 1920s immigration laws
• Ended nationality quotas
• Allowed non-European immigrants into U.S.
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Rights of the Accused…
• Mapp v. Ohio – Illegally seized evidence could not be used in court
• Gideon v. Wainwright – Free legal counsel
• Escobedo v. Illinois – Accused has a right to a lawyer while questioned
• Miranda v. Arizona – Accused must be read their rights
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What were the differing reactions to the Warren Court?
• Divided the public…– Liberals:
• Limited power of police
• Protected rights of accused
– Conservatives:
• Limited police investigation
• Benefited suspects
• “soft on crime”
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What compromised LBJ’s ability to fight poverty?
LBJ’s Scar
Based on the cartoon... What compromised LBJ’s ability to fight poverty?