Read pages 412 - 417

Read page 412 - 417

All living things are classified into one of 6 kingdoms.

The six kingdoms are:1. Eubacteria

(Monera)

3. Protista

4. Fungi

5. Plantae

6. Animalia

2. Archaebacteria (Monera)

Until recently (1996) bacteria and archaebacteria were together in the

kingdom Monera. Because of discoveries over the last 20 years

scientists have decided that they are so different that they should have their

own kingdom.

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

p. 411

Each Kingdom has a set of characteristics that bind the organisms in that group together. These characteristics are not ‘rules’ but more like guidelines.

Page 412

Eubacteria

Cell Structure:

Prokaryotic (small and simple) cells

No nucleus (brain of the cell)

No organelles (tiny organs of the cell)

Single-celled – only 1 cell big / unicellular

Size:

Microscopic

Environments:

Found in most common environments – water, soil, mouth …

FYI: one of the oldest and most

successful groups of organisms on

earth

Nutrients:

Most bacteria cannotmake their own food and therefore must live in or on other organisms

Eubacteria

Bacteria Video (5:00)

Useful bacterium.Bacteria, such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus, which turns milk into yogurt, can be useful to humans.

Cell Structure:

Prokaryotic cells

No nucleus

No organelles

Single celledSize:

Microscopic

Archaebacteria

Environments:

Usually found ‘extreme’ environments

Such as highly acid lakes, the bottom of the ocean, in ice flows, or in boiling hot mud or water

Archaebacteria

Colony of the Archaebacterium Methanosarcina mazei. These primitive archaebacteria have unusual cell walls

and membranes and are methane producers.

http://www.visualsunlimited.com/browse/vu197/vu197368.html

Halferax volcanii - salt loving,  live in Dead Sea & Great Salt Lake

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/proceuc.htm

PSYCHROPHILES...

Polaromonas vacuolata - cold loving -

live in Antarctic seas

FYI:one of the oldest and most successful groups of organisms on earth

Nutrients:

Most archaebacteria have to digest chemicals not useable (toxic) by other organisms

Archaebacteria

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Often multi-cellular but sometimes single celled

Size:

Microscopic/Macroscopic

Protistsp. 459

Read pages 418 - 425

Environments:

Found in most common ponds, lakes environments.

FYI:This is the ‘catch all’ kingdom. If an organism does not fit into another kingdom it often winds up here.

Nutrients:

Many protists make their own food, but some cannot.

Protists

Fungip.481

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Multi-cellular

Size:

Microscopic & Macroscopic

Video: Video: Protists and Fungi (20)

Environments:

Found in most moist and warm areas, often near dead material

FYI:

Used to be classified with plants but now we know they are different enough to have their own kingdom.

Nutrients:

Cannot make their own food so fungi must live on or in living or dead organisms – athlete’s foot, ring worm, diaper rash

Fungi

Plantaep. 501

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles

Multi-cellular

Has a large vacuole

Has a cell wall

Size:

Macroscopic

Environments:

Found in most areas where freshwater and sunlight can be found

Plantae

Nutrients:

Are able to make their own food by harnessing energy

from the sun

Plantae

FYI:Many organisms depend on plants because they have the ability to make food using the energy from the sun = photosynthesis

Video: (18 min)

Kingdom of Plants

Animaliap. 593

Cell Structure:

Eukaryotic cells

Has a nucleus

Has organelles – mitochondria, ER, lysosomes

Multi-cellularSize:

Macroscopic

Environments:

Found in most areas where they can find other organisms to eat.

Animalia

FYI: Most animals have some sort of nervous system and the majority of animal species live in oceans.

Nutrients:

Cannot make their own food so animals must eat plants, hunt, filter feed, or scavenge for food.

Animalia

VIDEO: (20 min.)

The World of Animals

A New Zealand fisherman kneels next

to a giant squid believed to have been

caught in early February 2007 in Antarctica's Ross

Sea. The giant squid, known as a colossal

squid (scientific name Mesonychoteuthis

hamiltoni) and thought to be the largest squid ever found anywhere in the world, weighed

an estimated 990 pounds, 330 pounds heavier than the next

biggest specimen ever found.

(New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries/AP Photo