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REACTIVITY STUDIES OF SLUDGE AND BIOMASS COMBUSTION Noorfidza Yub Harun Muhammad T Afzal Norliza Shamsuddin Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB CSBE Annual Conference, Brudenell River Resort, Prince Edward Island, July 12-15, 2009

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Contents Project Background 1 Objectives 2 Methodology 3 Results and Discussion 4 Conclusion 5 Recommendations 6

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INCREASE IN CRUDE OIL PRICE PROJECT BACKGROUND CURRENT ISSUES GLOBAL WARMING .. biomass has a great potential today and in the future, since it is renewable, in contrast to the nature of the fossil fuels - E. NATARAJAN- INCREASE IN ENERGY DEMAND DEPLETION OF FOSSIL RESOURCES

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BIOMASS WASTE 20.8 million tonnes available can generate 700MW energy one-third for energy production saved RM 2 billion of imports bill Petroleum Refinery Sludge Sugar Cane Bagasse Sawdust 100,000 tonnes annually drying and filter press alone sending to centralized waste treatment; costly

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INITIAL BIOMASS PROPERTIES Calorific Value Composition

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OBJECTIVE DETERMINE THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF SLUDGE, BAGASSE AND SAWDUST DETERMINE THE KINETIC PARAMETERS OF SLUDGE, BAGASSE AND SAWDUST

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THEORY

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METHODOLOGY Preparation of Samples Heating at 110 o C (2 hours) Grinding

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METHODOLOGY Controlled Parameters Effect of Heating Rate: 35 o C/min, 50 o C/min Effect of Sample Size: 425 m, 1.18 mm

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METHODOLOGY (i) Moisture Content Analysis (ii) Calorific Value Analysis (iii) Composition Analysis (iv) TGA Analysis

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION Sample Pre-treatment

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION TGA Analysis - Indicates by-product, includes non-condensable & condensable gas - Devolutilisation at 150- 220 C Decompose at 100- 150C Carbonization at 250- 300 C

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION TGA Analysis Zone 1 Zone 2

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION Thermal Degradation of Sludge Effect of Heating Rate and Particle Size Zone 1 Zone 2

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION Thermal Degradation of Bagasse Effect of Heating Rate and Particle Size

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION Thermal Degradation of Sawdust Effect of Heating Rate and Particle Size

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Kinetic Parameters Exp. run Ea (kJ/mol)Z (1/min) 1 st. zone2 nd. zone1 st. zone2 nd. zone 144.2935.685.43 x 10 5 6.80 x 10 4 245.0537.717.11 x 10 5 7.11 x 10 4 342.9832.453.71 x 10 4 7.03 x 10 3 443.9734.973.94 x 10 4 7.23 x 10 3 597.3272.721.45 x 10 7 3.80 x 10 4 698.9661.262.26 x 10 7 8.63 x 10 4 776.7769.292.09 x 10 5 5.52 x 10 3 878.1264.503.27 x 10 5 8.82 x 10 3 938.60142.373.33 x 10 2 6.04 x 10 10 1048.59152.143.97 x 10 2 7.10 x 10 10 1142.6778.231.77 x 10 2 1.01 x 10 5 1243.34116.701.87 x 10 2 1.22 x 10 5

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RESUTLS & DISCUSSION Kinetic Parameter Analysis; Activation Energy for Sludge, Bagasse and Sawdust

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CONCLUSIONS Two distinct reaction zones were observed for all samples The kinetic parameters; activation energy and pre-exponential factors, for sludge and bagasse, in the first zone were found to be significantly higher than that of the second zone. while for sawdust the trend was other ways.

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RECOMMENDATIONS 4. Vary more properties 3. Investigate other biomass properties 2. Analyze volatiles and gases species using FTIR 1. Analyze using SEM for polymeric structure

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Questions and Answers