Unit 2 Periodic Table, Chemical Formulas, Nomenclature, Simple Reactions, Balancing Reactions.
Reactions & Formulas
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Transcript of Reactions & Formulas
Reactions amp FormulasIntroductory Chemistry
Canadian AcademyMrT
draft presentation ndash to be updated
+ - ++ -+ +- - +
2
The magnesium is combusting
The magnesium is combining with oxygen
There is a physical change but not a chemical change
Reactions amp FormulasAssessment Statementsbull Name simple ionic and covalent compounds from their formula bull Write formulas for simple ionic and covalent compounds based on
their name bull Write word equations for reactions bull Identify reactants and products in reactions bull Apply state symbols to equations bull Balance simple formula equations bull Identify characteristics of reactions
bull ∆ colourbull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull precipitate formationbull gas productionbull ∆ pH
bull Use conditions for reactions appropriately above the arrow in the equation (heat catalyst etc)
bull Recognise six types of reaction synthesis decomposition single replacement double replacement combustion and neutralisation
Periodic table from httpwwwelementsdatabasecom
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-31 2 181716151413
httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiPeriodic_Table_of_Elements
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-3
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
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-
2
The magnesium is combusting
The magnesium is combining with oxygen
There is a physical change but not a chemical change
Reactions amp FormulasAssessment Statementsbull Name simple ionic and covalent compounds from their formula bull Write formulas for simple ionic and covalent compounds based on
their name bull Write word equations for reactions bull Identify reactants and products in reactions bull Apply state symbols to equations bull Balance simple formula equations bull Identify characteristics of reactions
bull ∆ colourbull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull precipitate formationbull gas productionbull ∆ pH
bull Use conditions for reactions appropriately above the arrow in the equation (heat catalyst etc)
bull Recognise six types of reaction synthesis decomposition single replacement double replacement combustion and neutralisation
Periodic table from httpwwwelementsdatabasecom
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-31 2 181716151413
httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiPeriodic_Table_of_Elements
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-3
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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Reactions amp FormulasAssessment Statementsbull Name simple ionic and covalent compounds from their formula bull Write formulas for simple ionic and covalent compounds based on
their name bull Write word equations for reactions bull Identify reactants and products in reactions bull Apply state symbols to equations bull Balance simple formula equations bull Identify characteristics of reactions
bull ∆ colourbull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull precipitate formationbull gas productionbull ∆ pH
bull Use conditions for reactions appropriately above the arrow in the equation (heat catalyst etc)
bull Recognise six types of reaction synthesis decomposition single replacement double replacement combustion and neutralisation
Periodic table from httpwwwelementsdatabasecom
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-31 2 181716151413
httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiPeriodic_Table_of_Elements
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-3
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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- Slide 60
- Slide 61
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- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Periodic table from httpwwwelementsdatabasecom
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-31 2 181716151413
httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiPeriodic_Table_of_Elements
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-3
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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-
httpcommonswikimediaorgwikiPeriodic_Table_of_Elements
non-metals
+1 +2 -1-2-3
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
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- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
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- Slide 27
- Slide 28
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- Slide 31
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- Slide 36
- Slide 37
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- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
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- Slide 50
- Slide 51
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- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
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- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
How do we know a reaction has taken placebull ∆ colour (∆ = lsquochange inrsquo)bull ∆ temperature (exothermic or endothermic)bull ∆ pHbull precipitate formationbull gas production
Which of these signs of a chemical reaction have we come across in our reactions so far
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Naming IonsRemember metals bonding with non-metals form ionic bonds
Some ions are polyatomic This means they are made of groups of atoms which stay together in reactions ndash such as carbonates
What do the elemental anions have in common in their name
What do the polyatomic anions have in common in their name (except hydroxide)
What is the difference between the iron (II) and iron (III) ions
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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-
Naming Ionic CompoundsRules bull balance the chargesbull keep polyatomic ions together
Examples
HCl hydrogen chloride
NaOH sodium hydroxide
ZnCl2 zinc chloride
Fe2O3 iron oxide
NaOH sodium hydroxide
Pb(NO3)2 lead nitrate
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Naming Covalent MoleculesRemember You can only correctly call it a molecule if it is covalently-bonded
Covalent bonds form between non-metal atoms
Name the compound this waybull You donrsquot need mono- if the first atom is singlebull Use the prefixes for all other atoms
Examples
CO carbon monoxideCO2 carbon dioxideN2O3 dinitrogen trioxide
CF4 N2O4 N2H4 H2O
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
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- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
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- Slide 42
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- Slide 44
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- Slide 46
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- Slide 49
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- Slide 51
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- Slide 54
- Slide 55
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- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Conventions in Writing Reactions
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
conditions for reaction to occur (eg heat catalysts)
ldquogivesrdquo
symbol equation
word equation
State symbols need to be included(s) solid ndash this included precipitates(g) gas(l) liquid(aq) aqueous solution solutes dissolved in water
state symbols should be subscripted
reactants products
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Wait
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
The reactants and products are not balanced
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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-
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1
O 2 1
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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-
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
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- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Balancing Equations
Simple steps for balancing equations1 List amp count the elements and groups on
each side of the equation Donrsquot split polyatomic ions
2 Select the compound with the greatest number of atoms (not counting H and O)
3 Balance the atoms in this compound on both sides of the equation
4 Donrsquot change any compounds5 Balance any groups such as polyatomic
ions 6 Finish up with H and O
Mg O2+ MgOheat
magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide(s) (g) (s)
Reactants Products
Mg 1 2 1 2
O 2 1 2
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter is neither created nor destroyed There MUST be the same number of atoms on each side of the equation
2 2
Two molecules of Mg are needed to react with one molecule of O2 giving 2 MgO
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
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- Slide 49
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- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
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- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
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- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C
O
H
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Synthesis Reactions
+
These can be simplified as A + B ABWhere two or more reactants combine to make a single product
carbon dioxide + water carbonic acid(g) (l) (aq)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 2 2
CO2 H2O+ H2CO3
balanced
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
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- Slide 17
- Slide 18
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- Slide 22
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- Slide 27
- Slide 28
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- Slide 31
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- Slide 33
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- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
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- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
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- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
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- Slide 49
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- Slide 51
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- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
O2H2O +H2O2(g)
MnO2
MnO2 acts as a catalyst in this reaction It allows the reaction to take place more quickly but is not used upWe put it above the arrow It can be recovered and reused in another reaction
Enzymes are catalysts found in living organisms They are proteins with an active site
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O
H
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3
H 2 2
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
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- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
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- Slide 11
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- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 3 4
H 2 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO2 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
+
hydrogen peroxide water + oxygen(l)(l)
Reactants Products
O 2 4 3 4
H 2 4 2 4
O2H2O +H2O2
balanced
(g)
MnO22 2
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
Heat
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Decomposition ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB A + BWhere a single reactant breaks down into component elements or compounds
copper (II) sulphate pentahydrate copper (II) sulphate + water
(g)(s)
H2O+CuSO45H2OHeat 5CuSO4
(s)
+Heat
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
28
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Danger dihydrogen monoxideLethal if inhaled
Found in disaster zones
Reduces the effectiveness of brakes
Found in tumour cells viruses and deadly bacteria
Contributes to electrocutions
httpwwwdhmoorgfactshtmlFind out more about this lethal substance
Used by terrorists and pirates
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
30
Ionic Covalent
bull Donrsquot use mono- di- etc in prefixes bull Cation then anion eg lithium bromide bull Donrsquot break up polyatomic ions
Remember that in ionic compounds the sum of the charges must be zero Therefore sodium sulphide is Na2S not NaS
bull Endings usually ndashide bull Donrsquot need mono- prefix for first
atom if it is single (eg CH4)bull Name in order of the periodic
table but H is before O
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3
H 4 2
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
2
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsThis is the combustion (burning) of a hydrocarbon (contains C and H) in oxygen Complete combustion results in the products water and carbon dioxide
CxHx O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water( ) (g) (g) (g)
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 2 4 3 4
H 4 2 4
CH4 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
methane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+eg
22
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Which product of one of the reactions wersquove carried out already could be used to test if the condensation really is water
Is propane a covalent or ionic compound
Whatrsquos an alternative name for propane based on the naming conventions we have just learned
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C
O
H
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1
O 2 3
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6
H 8 2
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 4
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsA chemical reaction is taking place at the gas tap
Reactants Products
C 3 1 3
O 2 10 3 6 10
H 8 2 8
C3H8 O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
propane + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(g) (g) (g) (g)
+
Is it balanced
3 45
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will also go through combustion reactions
httpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=SJCcH0ATMQ4
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) ___ (g) + ____ (g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
_CH3OH(l) + _O2(g) _CO2(g) + _H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 1
O 3 3
H 4 2
Balance it
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Combustion ReactionsAlcohols will go through combustion reactions
Do NOT try these at home
2CH3OH(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)methanol + oxygen
heat
carbon dioxide + water
Reactants Products
C 1 2 1 2
O 3 8 3 8
H 4 8 2 8
Balance it
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
45
Single- amp double-replacement and neutralisation reactions
NaOHHCl amp
universal indicator HCl
AgNO3
Two white solids Which is PbNO3 and which is KI
Mg
CuSO4
Fe
HCl
NaHCO3
NaCl
H2O
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)(s)
Reactants Products
Cl
Mg
H
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+
(s)(aq)
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Single Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + C A + BCWhere an element trades places with another element in a compound
+ - + -+ +
hydrogen peroxide magnesium chloride + hydrogen(aq)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 2 2
Mg 1 1
H 1 2 2
MgCl2 +HCl
balanced
(g)
Mg H2+2
(s)(aq)
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K
I
Pb
NO3
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 1 2
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
2
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Double Replacement ReactionsThese can be simplified as AB + CD AD + CBWhere the anions and cations of two compounds trade places
+ - ++ -+ +
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
+KI
balanced
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+
- - +
KNO3 PbI2(aq)
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and must be kept together
22
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
KWhich ions form
K+
Pb Pb2+
I I-
And the polyatomic ion
NO3
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
Reactants Products
K 1 1
I 1 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1
The 2+ lead cation needs to be balanced by two single anions
The total number of atoms on each side are not balanced
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Letrsquos look at that againhellip
potassium iodide + lead nitrate potassium nitrate + lead iodide
(aq)(aq)+KI
(s)
Pb(NO3)2+ KNO3 PbI2(aq)
22
K+
Pb2+
I-
NO3
-
NO3
-
K+
NO3
-
Pb2+ I
-
I-
K+
I-
K+
NO3
-
Reactants Products
K 1 2 1 2
I 1 2 2
Pb 1 1
NO3 2 1 2
Now they are
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + BAWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (AB)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl
Na
O
H
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Neutralisation ReactionsThese can be simplified as HA + BOH H20 + ABWhere the acid (HA) is neutralized by the base (BOH) giving water and a salt (BA)
H[A] [B]OH+ [B][A] + H2O acid + base salt + water
(aq) (aq) (g) (g)
HCl NaOH+ NaCl + H2Ohydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water
(aq) (aq) (aq) (g)
Reactants Products
Cl 1 1
Na 1 1
O 1 1
H 2 2
eg
These brackets donrsquot get used in equations ndash they are just there to show what is happening
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Types of Reactions
synthesisdecomposition
neutralization combustion
singlereplacem
entdo
uble
repl
acem
ent
A + B AB AB A + B
AB + C CB + A AB + CD AD + BC
H[A] + [B]OH [B][A] + H2O CxHx + O2 CO2 + H2Oheat
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Balancing Equation PracticeNow try the activities on this PhET simulation to
help practice balancing equations
httpphetcoloradoeduensimulationbalancing-chemical-equations
1 Complete the introduction stage 2 Some of the examples are on the sheet 3 Try the challenge quizzes
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
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- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Classify and balance thesehellip
C6H12O6 O2+ CO2 + H2Oheat
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water(s) (g) (g) (g)
Cell respiration
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
- Slide 23
- Slide 24
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
Housekeeping classToday we need to make sure everyone is up to date on all work and can understand balancing and reactions
1 Check all One World work has been submitted 2 Check in with incomplete elements task people3 Work through last weekrsquos reactions and balance them 4 Turn these sheets back in to be checked again
If you have completed everything and are all up to date you canbull practice balancing and naming using the resources on the GoogleSitebull Find out more about the lsquoMolersquo and stoichiometry
MrTrsquos promisebull All Chem work will be checked and graded by Thursdaybull If you performed poorly in One World you can do another essay or
article in your own time Due 16 Jan at the very latest
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Slide 17
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Slide 22
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- Slide 24
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- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
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- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Slide 38
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Slide 41
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Slide 44
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- Slide 50
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Slide 54
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Slide 57
- Slide 58
- Slide 59
- Slide 60
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
-
For more resources
This is a Creative Commons presentation It may be linked and embedded but not sold or re-hosted
Please consider a donation to charity via Biology4GoodClick here for more information about Biology4Good charity donations
- Reactions amp Formulas
- Slide 2
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Slide 5
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Slide 11
- Slide 12
- Slide 13
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