RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation...

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© OECD/IEA 2015 REPOWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ESAP Plenary Meeting Paris, 7 th July 2015

Transcript of RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation...

Page 1: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETSMarket Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition

Book overview and emerging conclusions

ESAP Plenary MeetingParis, 7th July 2015

Page 2: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

IEA work on electricity security, decarbonisation and market design

Networks

Systemoperations

ElectricitySecurity

GenerationInvestments

Demand

Page 3: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Book overview

1. Introduction and key issues2. Low carbon generation investments3. Short term markets4. Reliability and resource adequacy5. Capacity markets6. Demand response7. Transmission investments8. Distribution network regulation9. Retail pricing

Page 4: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Decarbonisation of electricity sector

By 2050, the power sector has to become low‐carbon Carbon pricing

Low carbon investments are capital intensive

Electricity restructuring took place in many countries Power purchase agreements, unbundling

Wholesale competition

Retail competition

Can we make market design fit for purpose for decarbonisation?

1 Introduction

Page 5: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Generation mix still based on“regulated” investments

Competitive marketsRegulationCapacity additions by technology, 1960‐2013, OECD Europe

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

25 000

30 000

35 000

40 000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2013

MW

CoalNuclearGasRenewable

1 Introduction

Page 6: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Decarbonisation of the merit‐order

‐ 33

+70+857 *

Coal:‐ 138 GW 

Gas: +149

USD

/MWh

Lower demandgrowth

Electrical Capacity

Nuclear(134 GW)

Renewables(1000 GW)

* size on the figure corresponds to average load factor)

Coal(62 GW)

Gas(337 GW, GT and CC)

Oil(13 GW)

‐50

New capacity and coal retirement in the capacity mix, 450 scenario 2014‐2040, in OECD Europe

Low carbon and gas capacity addition reach around 1400 GWover 2014‐2040 in OECD Europe, of which 57% are renewables

1 Introduction

Page 7: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Electricity markets: short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term markets

Short term markets (Day‐ahead, Intraday and Real Time/Balancing)are the reference of all other markets

1 Introduction

Page 8: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Low‐carbon generation investments

Source: 2015 RTE Réseau de transport d’électricité* Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne Operator (PSE) POLPX**Power Exchange Central Europe, Market Comment Dec 2014            

NORDPOOL29,6

Netherland41,2

Germany32,8

Italy52,1

Great Britain52,2

Belgium40,8

France34,6

Spain42,7

Switzerland36,8

Czech Rep.**33,30

Poland*43.14

Electric average Spot Prices in 2014, Europe (€/MWh)

Low coal prices

Low CO2 prices

Excess capacity

Demand decline

Low wholesale pricesdon’t send signals to invest 

2 Low‐C investments

Page 9: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Market‐based low carbon investments: what perspective?

80

120 Equity return = 12%

Level of price Neededover 20 yearsfor operatingand debt repayment

O&M costs Debt repayment *(principal and interest)

* Average over 20 years, assuming a project financed with 75% of debt and a cost of debt of 5%

Cash flows for equity Electricity price range

The infrastructure financing puzzle consists in financing capital‐intensive investment, in a context of long‐term price uncertainty, at a low cost of capital to keep the energy transition affordable

2 Low‐C investments

Page 10: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

As investments in wind and solar power continue, the design of short term markets must adapt

Market design must be adapted to integrateweather‐dependent renewables efficiently while ensuring system security

Over‐generationCalifornia ISO, Long‐Term Procurement Proceeding Scenario, 

24 March 2024

Source: CAISO

MW

0

5 000

10 000

15 000

20 000

0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 23:00

Cogeneration, CHP and other small scale self‐generation

Nuclear

GeothermalSmall hydro and biomass

Regulation andload following down

Net Load

3 Short term markets

Page 11: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Continental markets‐market coupling

Regional markets‐ Locational marginal pricing

Local markets‐ Distribution platform

Efficient markets are needed at all levels

Temporal and geographical resolution of energy prices has to be right

3 Short term markets

Page 12: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Reliability and adequacy remain regulated, rather than the outcome of markets

Existing framework: Reliability standards Scarcity pricing Capacity markets

Key issues: Are markets efficient at pricing 

scarcity?  Is regulatory intervention 

required? to mitigate market power? to price reliability on behalf of 

consumers?

4 Reliability & adequacy

Page 13: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Capacity markets: a safety net supplementing energy markets

PJM Variable Resource Requirement curve for 2017/2018 delivery period

Defining capacity requirements put a huge responsibility on system operators or governments who tend to be conservative

5 Capacity markets

Page 14: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Demand response potential can be huge but remains largely untapped because current benefits are small and dispersed, transaction costs are high 

Demand response: making dynamic pricing work

Source: r2b (2014):lead study electriciy market, BMWi

Demand response potential in Germany, 2014

6 Demand response

Page 15: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Transmission and interconnectors are the backbone of well‐functioning electricity markets

Today, decarbonisation requires more, not less, network

7 Transmission

Page 16: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Behind the meter resources: threat or opportunity for the distribution network and power markets?

Distributed generation and self‐consumption:a niche market or a major disruption?

8 Distribution

Page 17: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Reforming retail pricing is urgent to incentivize the efficient deployment of distributed resources

Roof top Solar PV Spain Electricity prices

LCOE Solar PV

Taxes

Renewablesupportcost

Electricity price

Wholesaleprice

Volume‐related Network cost 

Fixed networkcosts

Avoided costs

Other costs

€/MWh

Consumers have alternative to grid electricity andtheir demand becomes elastic to prices

9 Retail pricing

Page 18: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

A Power pact for the transition of power markets

Need to RE‐POWER markets

Aligning markets and policies increasingly complex

Likely to require a lot of regulation and policy measures

Coming Soon: IEA book on market design

Page 19: RE-POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS · RE‐POWERING ELECTRICITY MARKETS Market Design and Regulation during the Energy Transition Book overview and emerging conclusions ... 1960 1965

© OECD/IEA 2015

Thank youhttp://www.iea.org/topics/electricity/