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RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Collection of NOx emissions data - First preliminary results
RDE working group
14 September 2015
European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC)IET - Institute for Energy and Transport
1
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Overview
2
• Objective and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 3
Overview
• Objective and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 4
• RDE Conformity Factors (CF) to be introduced in two phases
• First phase intends to account for NOx emission levels of current Euro 6 diesel cars equipped with state-of-the-art after-treatment technologies
• JRC collected NOx emissions data obtained by stakeholders from existing PEMS tests
Objective
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 5
• JRC has received feedback from five RDE stakeholders and Emissions Analytics Ltd.
• JRC re-analysed own tests conducted for the development of the RDE data evaluation
• Data set comprises 36 diesel vehicles and 234 individual trips
• Data analysis started in September 2015
• First preliminary results available
Current Status
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Overview
6
• Objectives and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 7
Total number of trips with Euro 6 (NEDC tests ≤80 mg/km) Diesel vehicles 234
After-treatment technologiesSCR only De-NOx only De-NOx+SCR EGR only No information available
996034635
Engine rated power [kW]75-100 100-125 125-150 >150 (max 180) No information available
315247725
Model year
pre 2012 post 2012 No information available
11089 (3 post 2014)35
Mileage at test start [km]
≤20,000 km >20,000 km No information available
72127 (3 >100,000 km)35
Test vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 8
Total number of trips with Euro 6 Diesel vehicles 234
Test routesU+R+M (trips with all U/R/M portions driven) RDE-like (U: 29÷44%, R: 23÷43%, M: 23÷43%, U/R/M distances >16km each) RDE-compliant (RDE-like + compliance with 95th perc.tile v*apos, RPA, <1000m/km)
127
39
22Positive elevation gain of RDE-like tests [m/km]
≤1000 >1000 No information available
3216
Max altitude during RDE-like tests [m above sea level]≤700 700-1000 >1000 No information available
31701
Test routes
All tests performed within moderate Tamb boundary conditions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Overview
9
• Objectives and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
EGR only tests(tests with EGR only vehicles)
All tests
10
U+R+M tests(trips with all U/R/M shares driven)
RDE-like tests(U:29÷44%, R:23÷43%, M:23÷43%,
U/R/M distances >16km each)
RDE-compliant tests(=RDE-like + compliance with 95th perc.tile v*apos, RPA, <1000m/km)
SCR & SCR+De-NOx tests(tests with SCR+de-NOx vehicles)
De-NOx tests(tests with de-NOx vehicles)
Technology independent (4 cases) Technology dependent (12 cases)
Preliminary results
Cold start and DPF regenerations uniformly excluded
Test-average NOx emissions, unprocessed (w/o MAW or power binning)
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Overview
11
• Objectives and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 12
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
01 502 403 804 3005 3006 2907 1808 2109 1010 311 3012 613 614 415 416 317 418-36 1Total 234
Technology independent
• All tests (1/3)
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 13
• 234 tests from 36 diesel Euro6 vehicles
• Several vehicles represented by only one test (see previous slide)
• NOx emissions ranged roughly from 30mg/km to 700mg/km
• A single test exceeded the 800mg/km of NOx due to aggressive driving
• 5 tests (2% of the total) had CF≤1
• 41 tests (roughly 18% of the total) had CF≤2
Technology independent
• All tests (2/3)
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 14
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• Significant deviations can be mainly attributed to different driving styles
Technology independent
• All tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 15
Technology independent
• U+R+M tests (1/3)
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
01 502,14,15,17 403,05 804,06 707 1608 1709,12,13 610,16 311 1018-22,33-36 1Total 127
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 16
Technology independent
• U+R+M tests (2/3)
• 127 tests from 26 vehicles
• A maximum of 800 mg NOx/km was observed
• 4 tests (about 3% of the total) had CF≤1
• 28 tests (roughly 22% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 17
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A noticeable decrease of the average emissions and max/min deviations, per vehicle, was observed when comparing U+R+M trips with all tests for vehicles 11,08,05,04
Technology independent
• U+R+M tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 18
Technology independent
• RDE-like tests (1/3)
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
01 502 403 604 205 406 107 208 210 313 315-16 118-22 1Total 39
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 19
Technology independent
• RDE-like tests (2/3)
• 39 tests from 17 vehicles
• Several vehicles represented by only one test (see previous slide)
• A maximum of roughly 700 mg NOx/km was observed
• 2 tests (about 5% of the total) had CF≤1
• 11 tests (roughly 30% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 20
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A noticeable decrease of the average emissions per vehicle was observed when comparing U+R+M tests to RDE-like tests (e.g. vehicles 15,16,8,3)
Technology independent
• RDE-like tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 21
Technology independent
• RDE-compliant tests (1/3)
• RDE-compliant tests: U: 29÷44% R: 23÷43% M: 23÷43% U/R/M distances 16km 95th perc.tile v*apos and
RPA within permissible tolerances for each U/R/M trip portions
Elevation gain <1000m/km
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
01,02 303 105 406 107 213,15,16 118-22 1Total 22
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 22
Technology independent
• RDE-compliant tests (2/3)
• RDE-compliant tests: U: 29÷44% R: 23÷43% M: 23÷43% U/R/M distances 16km 95th perc.tile v*apos and
RPA within permissible tolerances for each U/R/M trip portions
Elevation gain <1000m/km
• Tests performed within moderate Tamb boundary conditions
• 22 tests from 14 vehicles
• 1 test (about 5% of the total) had CF≤1
• 9 tests (roughly 40% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 23
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A decrease in max/min emissions deviations were observed, e.g. vehicles 2,15
Technology independent
• RDE-compliant tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015
Overview
24
• Objectives and current status
• Test vehicles and test routes
• Preliminary results
Technology independent
Technology dependent
• Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 25
Technology dependent
• SCR and DeNOx+SCR vehicles:
U+R+M tripsRDE-compliant trips
• DeNOx vehicles:
U+R+M tripsRDE-compliant trips
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 26
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• U+R+M tests (1/3)
• U+R+M tests: trips with all U/R/M
shares driven
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
02,14 404 707 1610 311 1012,13 618,20-22 1Total 60
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 27
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• U+R+M tests (2/3)
• 60 tests from 12 vehicles
• A maximum of about 700 mg NOx/km was observed
• A minimum of roughly 80mg/km was measured among the available tests
• 13 tests (roughly 22% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 28
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A minimum max/min variation of about 30mg/km was observed for vehicle 14
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• U+R+M tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 29
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• RDE-compliant tests (1/3)
• RDE-compliant tests: U: 29÷44% R: 23÷43% M: 23÷43% U/R/M distances 16km 95th perc.tile v*apos and
RPA within permissible tolerances for each U/R/M trip portions
Elevation gain <1000m/km
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
02 307 213,18 120-22 1Total 10
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 30
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• RDE-compliant tests (2/3)
• 10 tests from 7 vehicles
• A maximum of about 600 mg NOx/km was observed
• 3 tests (i.e. 30% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 31
• No DeNOx+SCR tests found to be “RDE-like”
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A minimum max/min variation of about 30mg/km was observed for vehicle 2
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• RDE compliant tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 32
DeNOx
• U+R+M tests (1/3)
• U+R+M tests: trips with all U/R/M
shares driven
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
03 805 808 1719 1Total 34
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 33
DeNOx
• U+R+M tests (2/3)
• 34 tests from 4 vehicles
• A maximum of about 700 mg NOx/km was observed
• 2 tests (roughly 6% of the total) had CF≤2
• 7 tests (about 21% of the total) had CF≤2
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 34
• Error bars represent the maximum and minimum emissions per vehicle
• A minimum max/min variation of about 100mg/km was observed for vehicle 05
DeNOx
• U+R+M tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 35
DeNOx
• RDE-compliant tests (1/3)
• RDE-compliant tests: U: 29÷44% R: 23÷43% M: 23÷43% U/R/M distances 16km 95th perc.tile v*apos and
RPA within permissible tolerances for each U/R/M trip portions
Elevation gain <1000m/km
Vehicle ID Number of tests per vehicle
03 105 419 1Total 6
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 36
SCR and DeNOx+SCR
• RDE-compliant tests (2/3)
• 6 tests from 3 vehicles
• More data are needed
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 37
• RDE-compliant tests: U: 29÷44% R: 23÷43% M: 23÷43% U/R/M distances 16km 95th perc.tile v*apos and
RPA within permissible tolerances for each U/R/M trip portions
Elevation gain <1000m/km
• More data are needed
DeNOx
• RDE compliant tests (3/3)
Vehicles
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 38
• Euro 6 diesel vehicles can already today reach the Euro 6 NOx emissions limit during on-road driving
• NOx emissions scatter over a wide range, independent of the applied after-treatment technology
• Filtering of tests (“U+R+M”, “RDE-like” and “RDE-compliant”) and the exclusion of tests outside the RDE boundary conditions tends to exclude trips of high NOx emissions
• Feedback and suggestion for further analysis is welcome
Conclusions
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 39
Contacts
Martin Weiss: [email protected]
Pierre [email protected]
Barouch [email protected]
Theodoros [email protected]
RDE Working groupBrussels, September 2015 40
Conclusions