R&D Status of cancer therapy accelerator PAMELA
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Transcript of R&D Status of cancer therapy accelerator PAMELA
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
R&D Status of cancer therapy accelerator
PAMELA
Takeichiro Yokoi
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Particle physics -factory, muon source, proton driver
-factory-factory
FFAGMedical
Particle therapy, BNCT, X-ray source
Particle Particle therapytherapy
FFAG
Energy ADSR, Nucl. Transmutation
ADSRADSRFFAG
CONFORM CONFORM ((Construction of a Non-scaling FFAG for Oncology, Research and Medicine) aims to develop the Non-scaling FFAG as a versatile accelerator. (Project HP: www.conform.ac.uk)
EMMA
PAMELA
(PAMELA)
Introduction ...
• FFAG (Fixed Field Alternating Gradient) Accelerator has the ability of rapid particle acceleration with large beam acceptance. wide varieties of applications
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
• 3 parts of the project are funded
1. EMMA : Construction of electron NS-FFAG as a scaled down model of muon accelerator for neutrino factory
2. PAMELA : Design of proton and HI accelerator for particle therapy using NS-FFAG
3. (other Applications) : ex ADSR (THoreA)
• 3 parts of the project are funded
1. EMMA : Construction of electron NS-FFAG as a scaled down model of muon accelerator for neutrino factory
2. PAMELA : Design of proton and HI accelerator for particle therapy using NS-FFAG
3. (other Applications) : ex ADSR (THoreA)
Project manager : K.Peach (JAI, Oxford university) UK based : Birmingham University Brunel Utility Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Laboratory Gray Cancer Institute Imperial College London John Adams Institute Manchester University Oxford University Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
International CERN FNAL (US) LPNS (FR) TRIUMF (CA)
Project manager : K.Peach (JAI, Oxford university) UK based : Birmingham University Brunel University Cockcroft Institute Daresbury Laboratory Gray Cancer Institute Imperial College London John Adams Institute Manchester University Oxford University Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
International CERN FNAL (US) LPNS (FR) TRIUMF (CA)
• 3.5 years project (Apr. 2007~) with total funds £6.9m from STFC/EPSRC Basic Technology Fund (UK government)
CONFORM: project overview
J.CobbK. PeachS.SheehyT.WitteT.Yokoi
J.CobbK.PeachS.SheehyH.WitteT.Yokoi
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Scaling FFAG to NS-FFAG
B
B0
1 kxr0
k(k 1)
2!
xr0
2
...
In PAMELA, each multipole fielIn PAMELA, each multipole field up to decapole can be tuned id up to decapole can be tuned individually.ndividually. Flexible tunability of operaFlexible tunability of operating pointting point..
All FFAGs so far built are designAll FFAGs so far built are designed to form scaling magnetic field ed to form scaling magnetic field Hard tHard to change operating point after o change operating point after construction construction
B
B0
r
r0
k
B
B0
r
r0
k
KEK 150MeV FFAG
““Separated function FFAG”Separated function FFAG”
In fixed field accelerator (FFAG, cyclotron)…..In fixed field accelerator (FFAG, cyclotron)…..
Easiness of control Easiness of control Hardness of commissioning and tuning Hardness of commissioning and tuning
In fixed field accelerator (FFAG, cyclotron)…..In fixed field accelerator (FFAG, cyclotron)…..
Ease of control Ease of control Difficulty of commissioning and tuning Difficulty of commissioning and tuning
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
PAMELA:Particle Accelerator for MEdicaL Appl
ications • Advantage of particle therapy ( X-ray)
(1) better dose concentration
(2) better biological effectiveness
photon proton
Spot scanning
From PSI website
• Spot scanning with proton and carbon beam is aimed to realize in PAMELA (better conformal dose field).
• PAMELA : design study of particle therapy facility using NS-FFAG Prototype of versatile FFAG (ex ADSR)
• Advantage of NS-FFAG as particle therapy accelerator
(1) High intensity(synchrotron)
(2) Flexible machine operation (cyclotron)
IMPT (Intensity Modulated Particle therapy) requires high repetition rate time
Inte
gra
ted cu
rrent
FFAG
Step size controls dose
“Digital IM”
Beam intensity is modulated depth-wise
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
PAMELA: ring overview Ring #1 (p, c) Ring #2 (c)
Energy 30~250MeV (p)
8~68MeV/u (c)
68~400MeV/u
# of Cell 12 12
Diameter 12.5m 18.4m
K-value 38 41
Orbit excursion 18cm 21cm
Rev. freq 1.94~4.62MHz(p)
0.98~2.69MHz(c)
1.92~3.91MHz
Repetition rate 1kHz 1kHz
Magnet Triplet(FDF), SC Triplet(FDF), SC
length 57cm 113cm
aperture 25cm 33cm
Long Drift 1.3m 1.2m
Packing factor 0.48 0.65
Inj./Ext 1turn inj/ext
2 LD (each)
1turn inj/ext
2 LD (each
RF Max 8 LD Max 8 LD
Carbon ring
Proron ring
Injector(p): cyclotron
Injector(c): RFQ+LINAC
Long straight section (~1.3m) Small beam excursion (<20cm) Strong field (max 4T) SC magnet
High repetition rate (~1kHz) is a big challenge
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Beam dynamics
Tune stablization was achieved (∆H<0.1, ∆H<0.05) no need to worry about resonance crossing
2008 PPR
2009
FF
FF
DD
B/B0=(r/r0)k
RD/F(B·l)D/ (B·l)F
Tune can be varied over |∆|<0.25
Relation with field quality and tune drift was well studied
Downward crossing
Upward crossing
Know-how to tailor tune drift was obtained
Dynamic aperture is sufficiently large for proton accelerator (>400 mm mrad)
Understanding of beam dynamics is steadily going forward
Challenges: compatibility of stable tune and operational flexibilityChallenges: compatibility of stable tune and operational flexibility
Horizontal
Vertical
S.Sheehy
Horizontal@injection
Vertical@injection
By S.Sheehy
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Dipole
Superposition of helical field can form multipole field
Magnet
By H.WitteBy H.Witte
Unknowns …..Unknowns ….. Alignment schemeAlignment scheme Positioning error ….Positioning error …. Local field interference Local field interference
Prototyping is required !! Prototyping is required !!
Unknowns …..Unknowns ….. Mechanical accuracyMechanical accuracy ex positioning error ex positioning error coil windingcoil winding
Prototyping is requiredPrototyping is required
Challenges: Large aperture, short length, strong fieldChallenges: Large aperture, short length, strong field
Dipole Quadrupole
OctapoleSextapole
~23cm
55cm
SC magnet module
Tunability of Individual multipole flexible operation Improved coil configuration (Patent was recently filed)
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Beam extraction
Hardware R&D of kicker is under Hardware R&D of kicker is under planning (budget request) planning (budget request)
Challenges: Energy variable extraction in fixed field acceleratorChallenges: Energy variable extraction in fixed field accelerator
Vertical fast extraction was adopted in PAMELAVertical fast extraction was adopted in PAMELA
Advantages: (1) weaker kicker field,
(max 0.6kgauss1m for proton )
(2) good matching with FFAG transport
@kicker
CO
@septum
230MeV (Bkicker:0.6kgauss)
∆∆x>2cmx>2cm
FDF FDF
Kicker Septum
Specifications of kicker and septum are within feasible range of engineering for proton.
Kicker field (proton) By H.WitteSeptum field (proton)
Large horizontal beam excursion(ex PAMELA: ~10cm (70MeV230MeV)
Kicker Kicker SeptumSeptum
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
RF system Challenge : high duty cycle, high rate FM, high field gradient
1.1m
2 ferrite core layers
P=VP=V22/(2/(2QL)QL)
Power dissipation is the most serious Power dissipation is the most serious
problem in high repetition operationproblem in high repetition operation
Higher Q is favorableHigher Q is favorable
One solution : Ferrite loaded cavity * tuning bias current is required
Unknowns …..Unknowns …..
Ferrite Properties Ferrite Properties (ex Q-value, high loss effect, (ex Q-value, high loss effect, dynamic loss effect dynamic loss effect Phase error Phase error
Unknowns …..Unknowns …..
Ferrite Properties Ferrite Properties (ex Q-value, high loss effect, (ex Q-value, high loss effect, dynamic loss effect dynamic loss effect Phase error Phase error
Ferrite property measurement has started
* 1KHz repetition rate is 10 times larger than that of existing ferrite rf cavity Ferrite sample
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
(1) Extraction resonance extraction • unique feature of PAMELA. • extraction kicker can be eliminated
Upgrade options ( to carbon ring) For carbon ring, (doable) lattice was proposed.
Downward crossingReal challenges are extraction and acceleration In carbon ring, Z/A=2, max rigidity : 2.6 Real challenges are extraction and acceleration carbon(A/Z=2): hard to bend, accelerate
Resonance pointH
v
∆RD/F :0.017
∆v=0.5
(2) Acceleration multi-bunch acceleration • potentially, more efficient than ferrite cavity • well-matched with resonance extraction
PRISM rf cavity
Wave superposition
Energy Option 1
time
time
Energy Option 2
Option 1: P Nrep2
Option 2: P Nrep
Versatile technologies for high intensity accelerator (ex ADSR)
ESS
t
E “With Flattop”
(1)’ Extraction SC septum • HTS shield for stray field suppression
R0 [m]
Pack
ing
fact
or
Ldrift > 1.2m
Carbon, k=42
Bmax <3.5T
Max bore <35cm
By S. Sheehy
Multi-bunch painting
Direct IM
+=
Active chopper
Hori. field quality
Septum structure
Hori. field
ESS
(3) Intensity modulation(IM) Direct IM • IM@ion source +Active chopper • enhance effective repetition rate
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
R&D plan and resources By end of 2009, Overall ring design is to be finishedBy end of 2009, Overall ring design is to be finished
Budget request for hardware R&DBudget request for hardware R&D
1.1. Magnet : fabrication process, field distribution, Magnet : fabrication process, field distribution, field quality etcfield quality etc
2.2. Kicker : wide-aperture kicker, life time etcKicker : wide-aperture kicker, life time etc
3.3. RF system :ferrite property, dynamic loss effect RF system :ferrite property, dynamic loss effect etcetc. .
Proposal for full size machine (+facility) constructionProposal for full size machine (+facility) construction
( July 2009, PAMELA design review)
Collaboration with MPRG
Collaboration with nuclear engineering and particle physics (proton driver, ADSR etc)
Resource request
test bench + support from CE( rf development )
1 FTE
Resource request
test bench + support from CE( rf development )
1 FTE
11 Dec. 2009@Oxford univ. Particle Physics Project review
Accelerator for cancer therapy By T.Yokoi
Progress from 2008 to 2009
2008 PP project review
(1) Lattice Scheme fixed (∆>0.5**) ** resonance crossing is must
(2) Magnet Scheme : fixed
(3) RF Options: listed up
(4) Extraction Scheme : proposed
(5) Extension to Carbon ring ??
2008 PP project review
(1) Lattice Scheme fixed (∆>0.5**) ** resonance crossing is must
(2) Magnet Scheme : fixed
(3) RF Options: listed up
(4) Extraction Scheme : proposed
(5) Extension to Carbon ring
??
2009 PP project review
(1) Lattice Stable lattice (∆<0.1) **no resonance crossing
tune control scheme : fixed
(2) Magnet R&D work :started, patent :filed
(3) RF Scheme:Fixed, R&D work: started
(4) Extraction Scheme: Fixed R&D work: started
(5) Extension to Carbon ring lattice : propose
(6) Misc Resonance extraction, multi-bunch acceleration, direct intensity modulation etc…
2009 PP project review
(1) Lattice Stable lattice (∆<0.1) **no resonance crossing
tune control scheme : fixed
(2) Magnet R&D work :started, Improved winding (patent:filed)
(3) RF Scheme:fixed, R&D work: started
(4) Extraction Scheme: fixed R&D work: started
(5) Extension to Carbon ring lattice : proposed
(6) Misc Resonance extraction, multi-bunch acceleration, direct intensity modulation etc…
We are creeping forward to the goal !!