R&D Scintillators / Photodetectors @ IPN Orsay Joël Pouthas R&D Detector Department.

R&D Scintillators / Photodetectors

@ IPN Orsay

Joël Pouthas

R&D Detector Department

R&D Detector Departmenthttp://ipnweb.in2p3.fr/~rdd

Joël Pouthas May 2007IPN Orsay

Gaseous detectorsWire chambers, MPGD

ALICE @ CERNHADES @ GSI

R&D on Micromegas

5 engineers3 mechanical designers2 technicians in electronics4 technicians in detector assembly

ScintillatorsPhotomultipliers

G0 & DVCS @ Jefferson Lab.P.AUGER Observatory

PANDA @ GSI


Large PhotomultipliersStarted with AUGER Surface Detectors

PMT : PHOTONIS XP 1805 (9’’)

Base design : IPN Orsay (End of 2000)Production : 5000 pieces (2001-2005)Photonis, IPN Orsay, INFN Torino

Continue with R&D Programs

Climat Test Cabinet

IPN Orsay / PHOTONIS (Sept 03-Sept 06) Definition and construction of test benchesConstruction and measurements of different PMTs

(5”,8”,9”,10”)Photocathode characterization. Afterpulse measurements

IPN Orsay / PHOTONIS (Sept 06-Sept 09) End of measurements (12”,15”?). Afterpulse and glass studiesHybrid (Scintillator) PMT

IPN Orsay / LAL Orsay / LPP Annecy /PHOTONIS (2007-2010)

PMm2 (ANR Program) R&D for neutrino Megaton Detectors

Interestfor PARIS ?

Existing benches for PMT tests

Good connection to the PMT supplier PHOTONIS


Electromagnetic Calorimeters

424 crystals, 160 mm long, pointing geometry, ~ 1 degree/crystal,

APD readout

Inner calorimeter (PbWO4)

DVCS / CLASJefferson Lab , USA

2002 R&D and preliminary tests2003 Design and construction of a prototype2004 (Jan) Prototype test on beam2004 Final design and construction2005 (Mar) Experiment

PROTOTYPE 100 Crystals



DVCS / CLASJefferson Lab , USA

Interestfor PARIS ?

Mechanical integration

Studies on carbon fiber supports

Joël Pouthas IPN OrsayPANDA Collaboration

Existing GSI Facilities

FAIR : Future Facility at GSI Darmsdat, Germany

HESR

HESR : antiproton storage ring 1-15 GeV/cPANDA : 4π internal target detector


1999 - Letter of Intent2001 – CDR (Conceptual Design

Report)

Feb 2005 – Technical Progress Report

2012 - End of construction


What is PANDA ?

Central

Forwar

d

Central (Target Spectrometer)2 Tesla Solenoid Magnet

Micro vertex Straw tubes (or TPC)

DIRC-like CerenkovElectromagnetic

Calorimeter

HESR : antiproton storage ring 1-15 GeV/cPANDA : 4π internal target detector

1.9

4 m


PANDA Calorimeter Requirements

Geometry

CompactClose to 4π

PWO, Lead Tungstate (PbWO4)

BGO, Bismuth Germanate (Bi4Ge3O12)

New crystals (LSO, LYSO) ?

Energy range

10 GeVdown to 10

MeVMagnetic field 2T

Costs and available Plants 20 000 crystals of 20cm long

Cooled (-25°C)

CMS and ALICE Collaborations

ScintillatorLow radiation lengthLow Molière radius

APD

Photodetector: no PMT


PANDA Calorimeter R&D Programs

PWO, Lead Tungstate (PbWO4) Cooled (-25°C)APD

LAAPD, large size APD

Low noise electronics

Increase the PWO light yield

Mechanical design and cooling


PANDA Calorimeter Mechanical Design

BarrelLength: 2.5 mRadius: 0.57 m11 520 crystals(Front face 21x21mm2)(200 mm long)

16 slices of 720 crystals


PANDA Calorimeter

16 slices of 720 crystals

Bending: 0.25 mm under 750 kg

in 6 modules

Support beam

Close to CMS EMC … but, must be cooled to -25°

Mechanical Design


Mechanical Design

PANDA Calorimeter

4 crystals per alveole

Hold by the backAluminium insertwith 4 APDs and aquad preamplifier

Crystals wrapped in 70 µm ESR (VM

2000)

Carbon wall: 180 µm

Carbon alveoles


Mechanical Design

PANDA Calorimeter

Carbon alveoles

4 crystals per alveole

Deformation tests

In agreement (10%) with calculations onComposite material

(Max deformation 100 µm)


Mechanical Design

PANDA Calorimeter

Gluing tests

Thermal cycles ( – 25°C / + 60°C )

Carbon fiber + Al Insert

Loaded with10 kg of dummy crystals

Preamp.PWO

Insulated cooled box


Cooling studies

PANDA Calorimeter

Dedicated Set up

Model adjustment(Calculations on Flotherm)

Sensors

4 Preamp in a tight box


Cooling studies

PANDA Calorimeter

QuadPreampAPDs

4Crystal

s

4Crystal

s

Screen

Cry

stal

R1

T2

T1

Cold face

AP

DR2

R3

Cab

le

T4

T3

APD connection preamplifier :

Δ+4°C

Front face temperature:

Δ+0°C

Analytical model

APD Temperature

Stable : 20 mm Vacuum screen

Heatsource

50 mWper

Preamp

Cold face0.2 °C variation for 10°C external

variation

+20°C

-25°C

Zoom Temp scale

PANDA Calorimeter

Large Area Avalanche Photo Diodes

in collaboration withHamamatsu Photonics

CMS

5x5mm2 10x10mm2

New

bias voltage / V

amp

lifi

cati

on g

ain

-25oC-25oC -10oC

0oC

+10oC+20oC


Extensive studies

Low energy (Na22) with a small BGO crystal

Gain = f (V,T)

Resolution

R&D on APD


Next milestones

PANDA Calorimeter

“Straight Prototype” 25 crystals (22x22mm2, 200mm)

Beam tests à Mainz on February and June 2007

“Full size Prototype” 60 crystals Type 6 sub module

(22x22mm2, 200mm, tapered)

Ready by Spring 2007 Beam tests on Fall 2007

“PMT (crystal response)APD + Preamp

Calorimeter response (Step effect)Barrel integration test(Mechanics, APD , Quad Preamp, Cooling)



Interestfor PARIS ?

Mechanical integration on a large scaleFabrication of carbon fiber supports IPN OrsayStudies on cooling and thermal stabilities

PANDAFAIR, Germany

Knowledge about APDs in the Collaboration


R&D for NUSTAR @ FAIR

EXL

High VacuumGaseous target

Silicon Detectors

Calorimeter


R3BCalorimeter

H. Alvarez Pol GENP – Univ. Santiago de Compostela

Simulations: Geometry and Energy resolutionsDetector tests



Common R&D for the EXL and R3B CalorimetersBasic design : CsI(Tl) Studies on alternative solutions

R3BCalorimeter


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Measurements of CsI(Tl)

Jean Peyré

Milano - Oct 2006

22x22x22m

m3

22x22x220mm3

44x22x200mm3

66x22x200mm3

4 sizes of CsI(Tl) crystals from Saint-Gobain

Milano - October 2006

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• XP1912 Ø 19 mm (Active area 176mm2), bialkaly• XP5300B Ø 76 mm, green extended bialkaly• Quantum efficiency

» XP1912 29% at 439nm, 10% at 547nm» XP5300B 32% at 439nm, 16% at 547nm

XP5300B

XP1912

S8664-1010

PMTsPhotonis

APDHamamatsuActive area10x10 mm2

Quantum efficiency70% at 420nm85% at 550nm

Photodetectors


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Experimental setup

Source

Photomultiplier

Wooden black box

Translation of source

Source

Lead collimator

Lead collimator

Crystal

XP5300B


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Results CsI(Tl)+Teflon+XP5300B+137Cs

•Global Resolution is quite constant along the Crystal•Variation from 14% to 38% of collected light along the Crystal

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Position (mm) of Gamma source along the Xtal

Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ph

e-)

by

XP

5300

B

Xtal 22x22x22 teflon




TEFLON

6,55%

6,52%

8,18%

6,68%

Collected light for 137Cs peak VS

position of impact

EnergyResolutionFWHM


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Crystal wrapped with VM2000

Change of crystal wrapping


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+XP5300B+137Cs

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ph

oto

elec

tro

ns)

by

XP

5300

B

Xtal 22x22x22 teflonXtal 22x22x220 teflonXtal 44x22x200 teflonXtal 66x22x200 teflonXtal 22x22x22 VM2000Xtal 22x22x220 VM2000Xtal 44x22x200 VM2000Xtal 66x22x200 VM2000

TEFLON down

6,55%

6,52%

8,18%

6,68%

VM2000 up5,74%

5,86%6,70%

6,57%

•Problems with 22x22x22O CsI(Tl) crystal•Resolution better with VM2000 -> Chosen for all

next tests


position of impact


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1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200


Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ph

oto

elec

tro

ns)

Xtal 22x22x22 XP5300

Xtal 22x22x220 XP5300

Xtal 44x22x200 XP5300

Xtal 66x22x200 XP5300

Xtal 22x22x22 closed XP1912




XP5300B

XP1912

5,74%5,86%

8,05%

10,33%

6,70%

9,40% 12,28%

VM2000

6,57%

Results for PMT/VM2000+137Cs


position of impact

XP5300B

XP1912

2 PMT sizes (with different QE) Ø 76 mm and Ø 19 mm


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+VM2000+APD+137Cs

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 120,00 140,00 160,00 180,00 200,00


Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ele

ctro

n-h

ole

s)

Xtal 22x22x22 APD

Xtal 22x22x220 APD

VM2000 8,23%

9,39%


position of impact

APD

APD (S8664 – 1010) 10 x 10 mm2


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Problems close to the APD(Direct interaction of low energy γ-rays)

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Position (mm) of Gamma source

En

erg

y R

eso

luti

on

(F

WH

M)

APD

APD (S8664 – 1010) 10 x 10 mm2

Results CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD+137Cs


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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD/PMT+137Cs

5,74%

8,05%

8,23% 9,39%

6,70%

9,40% 10,33%

5,86% 6,57%

12,28%

22x22x22 22x22x220 44x22x200 66x22x200

XP

5300B

XP

1912

AP

D S

8664-1

010


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rEnergy Resolutions CsI(Tl)

+VM2000+XP1912+137Cs+60Co+56Co

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

0 50 100 150 200


Co

llec

ted

Lig

ht

(ph

oto

ele

ctr

on

s)

9,40%

60Co 1,33MeV

137Cs 0,66MeV

56Co 3,25MeV

6,45%

4,90%

Collected light for 137Cs, 60Co, 56Co peaks VS position of impact

XP1912


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2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

0 50 100 150 200


Co

llect

ed L

igh

t (e

lect

ron

-ho

les)

5,84%

9,39%

60Co 1,33MeV

137Cs 0,66MeV

56Co 3,25MeV

4,64%

Energy Resolutions CsI(Tl)+VM2000+APD+137Cs+60Co+56Co

Collected light for 137Cs, 60Co, 56Co peaks VS position of impact

APD

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New results and orientations

Tests on CsI(Na) crystals

Tests on LaCl3 and LaBr3

Timing measurements (LaCl3 , LaBr3)

Measurements with square shaped PMTs

Orsay - May 2007

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(Energy resolution)

0,0%

1,0%

2,0%

3,0%

4,0%

5,0%

6,0%

7,0%

8,0%

9,0%

0 keV 500 keV 1000 keV 1500 keV 2000 keV 2500 keV 3000 keV 3500 keV

Energy

60Co

137Cs

56Co

LaBr3

LaCl3

CsI(Tl)

CsI(Na)

E

A

22x22x22

22x22x22

Diam25x25

Diam25x25

Orsay - May 2007

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Orsay - May 2007

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0,0%

2,0%

4,0%

6,0%

8,0%

10,0%

12,0%

0 keV 1000 keV 2000 keV 3000 keV 4000 keV 5000 keV 6000 keV 7000 keV

Energy

LaBr3 diam25x25 measured @ IPNO

Orsay - May 2007

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Possible Calorimeter Design

RectangularCrystals

Square PMT(2 per envelop)

Testson a prototype


Concluding remarks

R&D are performed for other calorimeters

ScintillatorsPhotodetectorsMechanical assemblyElectronics (not discussed here)

Requirements from Physics must be clearly defined

Resolution (Energy, Angular, Time ?)Spatial coverage (dead zones)Counting ratesPossible coupling with other detectors ?

… with a clear consideration of the cost issues


Proposal

Animation of a Working Group

Technical synergies with other detectors

(close collaboration with Jean Antoine)

R&D Scintillators / Photodetectors @ IPN Orsay Joël Pouthas R&D Detector Department.

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Transcript of R&D Scintillators / Photodetectors @ IPN Orsay Joël Pouthas R&D Detector Department.