RATIONALISMOct 23

Do Now – 5 Minutes

Reflect back to Jonathan Edwards’ Sermon:

1. Why did the author use so much figurative language?

2. Was it effective? Why/why not?

3. If you could describe Edwards’ speech in one word, what would it be?

Text Structure

How information in a passage is organized

We will study six common patterns:

• Chronological• Cause and Effect• Compare and Contrast• Problem and Solution• Sequence / Process • Spatial / Descriptive

ChronologicalInformation is organized in order of time.

Chrono = time Logic = order

Example

Jack and Jill ranup the hill to fetcha pail of water.

Jack fell down and broke his crown.

Jill came tumbling after.

ALL stories are told chronologically.

Cause and Effect

An action and its results are explained.

Students did not learnthe material.

They performed poorly on the test.

Cause Effect

•Don’t confuse with chronological.•Won’t have a beginning, middle, and end.•Time won’t progress much.

Compare and Contrast

Tells how two things are similar and different.

Apples & Oranges

Alike Different

1. Both are fruits.

2. Both have skin.

1. People don’t eat orange skins.2. Oranges have more juice.

Require a licenseto buy spray paint.

Problem and Solution

A problem and answer are suggested.

Problem Solution

Property is beingspray painted.

•Don’t confuse with cause and effect.•It is presented as a PROBLEM.

4. Flip omelet.

3. Cook onone side.

2. Add cheese.

Sequence / Process Writing

Information is listed step-by-step.

Explains how to do it or how it happens.

1. Crack a few eggs.

Don’t confuse with chronological!

Does not occur at a specific time.

A closet by the TVA bed in the middle.

A television across from the bed.

Two windows on the west Wall

Descriptive Writing

Racial is to race as spatial is to space.

Describes something in order of space.

Describes how something looks.

TIME DOESN’T PASS in these passages.

My bedroom

Enumeration• Writing flows like a list: groceries, supplies,

characteristics

• Sometimes written as bullet points or numbered passages

Tuesday• Nine Weeks Exam

• Look Over These Notes & Complete the End of Class Assignment to be fully Prepared

RATIONALISM:Writers of the Revolutionary War

Characteristics of Rationalism/Revolutionary Lit. Political in nature, dealt with the Revolutionary War Differs from Puritans in that the lit.produced was public

and political, not private and religious Persuasive writing Newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, speeches, some

poetry (political in nature)

“Important Writers and Their Work”

• The Autobiography by Benjamin Franklin• The Declaration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson

• The Crisis by Thomas Paine• “Speech in the Virginia Convention” by Patrick Henry – Our Lesson

• The Constitution• The Federalist Essays by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay

Ben Franklin

Patrick Henry

Michel de Crevecoeur

Olaudah Equiano

Thomas Paine

Phillis Wheatley

“Colonial Culture and Art”• America began to establish its own cultural identity

• Theaters are built all throughout the colonies (although the plays are just imitations of British dramas)

• Colleges are established (ex: University of Tennessee and Chapel Hill, NC)

• Painters and musicians create works that are political and patriotic

Deism (as opposed to Puritanism)“My mind is my church." - Thomas Paine

Deists believe that

1.One cannot access God through organized religion.2. God has not selected a chosen people.3. Jesus is a teacher, philosopher, not the Son of God.4. Do not believe in miracles.5. Deists pray, but only to express their appreciation to God for his works. They generally do not ask for special privileges, or try to assess the will of God through prayer.

Our definition:

Oratorical Strategies

• Rhetoric - the ability to use language effectively to persuade (often in speeches)

• Repetition - the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device

• Parallelism - It refers to any structure which brings together parallel elements, be these nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, or larger structures Ex. “…of the people, for the people, by the people”

Parallelism• Common Parallelism Examples• Like father, like son.• The escaped prisoner was wanted dead or alive.• Easy come, easy go.• Whether in class, at work or at home, Shasta was always

busy.• Flying is fast, comfortable, and safe.

Parallelism In Literature

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair”.

A Tale of Two Cities , Charles Dickens

• Logical and emotional appeals – Statements meant to persuade by appealing to one’s emotions or sense of logic (Pathos, Logos, Ethos)

• Figurative Language• Metaphor – A comparison made between two dissimilar things

• Personification – applying human attributes to a non-human object or animal

• Simile – a direct comparison between two things using “like” or “as”

• Symbol - something used for or regarded as representing something else

• Hyperbole – An extreme exaggeration

Final terms

• Allusion – When a reference is made to a known element from history, religion, literature, etc. inside another text

• Rhetorical Question - a question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply

• Aphorism – A brief witty statement that makes a wise, observation about life.

Patrick Henry• 1736-1799

• Powerful Orator

• “Give me liberty or give me death”

• Powerful Political Leader within American Colonies

Reading“Speech in the Virginia Convention”

• Patrick Henry

• Pages 203 – 206

• When Finished: Answer the Following

• 1. What course of action does Henry want the Colonists to take?

• 2. What examples does Henry provide to support his position that compromise with the British is not a workable solution?

Exit Slip• Identify 3 Phrases That Show Us Henry’s use of

sophisticated diction (word choice)

• Identify Rhetorical Questions

• Appeal to Reason?

• Appeal to Emotion?

Homework

• Complete the 9 Weeks Review

• Due: Tuesday

• Grade: Quiz