Rashid, M.M (2011), Engineering Functions for Bangladesh Socio-Economic Development Aspects,...

8/3/2019 Rashid, M.M (2011), Engineering Functions for Bangladesh Socio-Economic Development Aspects, International Jour

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International Journal of Business and Management Tomorrow Vol. 1 No. 1

www.ijbmt.com Page |1

Engineering Functions for Bangladesh Socio-Economic

Development Aspects

Md Mamunur Rashid, Management Counsellor


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Abstract

The All branches of Engineers have in its roll more than 25000 engineers from 0.1 million

engineers from 142.319 million people of Bangladesh with about 30% in the category of

Fellows, 60% Members and the rest as Associate Members at the Institution of Engineers ofBangladesh for the commitment to develop better world. All Engineers in Bangladesh are acted

with science; mathematics and management function for socio economic development aspects in

Bangladesh. Besides, the sources of energy in nature are made useful to people in structures,

machines, products, systems and processes through engineering and management activities for

human being. While the most widely accepted functions of management are planning,

organizing, staffing, directing and controlling for economic value adding purposes. Generally

engineering activities is genetically compatible with management functions for also adding more

value. In this paper is focused on engineering activities with management functions for all

branches of engineering activities for socioeconomic aspect for human being in Bangladesh as

well as the globe.

Keywords

Engineering Activities; Management Functions; Value adding; Socio Economic Aspects.

1 Introduction

Problem can be caused any difficulty or inconvenience. Common function to all engineering

works can be solving these difficulties. Moreover, engineers normally face with the rapid

technological development, free market economy and Uruguay round agreements, depletion of

worlds natural resources, environment and development, human rights, role of government as

executing agency of development, phenomenon growth of electronics and information

technology [1-2]. The problems may involve quantitative or qualitative factors; physical or

economical; abstract mathematics or common sense [3]. Although all engineering problems can

be vary in scope and complexity [4]. For challenging the problems, an analysis of the situation

and a preliminary decision on a plan of attack can be considered. Subsequently, the problem can

be reduced to a more categorical question that can be clearly stated. Followed by the design can

be always checked for accuracy and adequacy. Finally the results for the simplified problems can

be interpreted in terms of the original problem and reported in an appropriate form [5].

According to above circumstances, management activity can be genetically worked with


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engineering activity for removing the difficulty for more value adding purpose in Bangladesh to

achieve the vision 2021. This article is focused for engineering functions, how to more

compatible with management functions to socio economic development in Bangladesh. The

paper is divided into five sections:

Disciplines of engineering Functional areas of all branches of engineering Discussion Recommendation Conclusion

2 Disciplines of Engineering

Many branches of engineering disciplines are in education and practices likes: Mechanical

Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Civil Engineering,

Computer Science & Engineering, Information Technology, Aerospace Engineering, Nuclear

Engineering, Military Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Petroleum Engineering, Naval

Architecture & Marine Engineering, Water Resource Engineering, Recycling Engineering, Deep-

sea Engineering, Micro-manufacturing Engineering, Ceramics Technology, Composite Materials

Technology, Bio-medical Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Mechatronics, Industrial &

Production Engineering, Metallurgical Engineering, Instrument Engineering, Plastics

Technology, Genetic Engineering, Renewable Energy, Artificial Intelligence, Engineering

Synthesis, Geo-system Engineering, Quantum Engineering and Information Physics, Robotics

Engineering, Telecommunication Engineering, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineering,

Power plant Engineering, Leather Engineering, Textile Engineering, Automobile Engineering ,

Refractory Engineering and Engineering Management. Among them of branches of engineering,

the functions of Mechanical Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Chemical

Engineering, Civil Engineering and Engineering Management are discussed as follows due to

their most important roles in Bangladesh:

2.1 Mechanical Engineering

The branch of mechanical engineering can be concerned with the design, manufacture

installation & operation of engines, machines and manufacturing process. Mechanical

engineering can be involved the application of the principles of dynamics, control,


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thermodynamics, heat transfer, fluid mechanics, computational fluid mechanics, and strength of

materials, material science, tribology, mathematics & computation [1-2]. While increasing

knowledge of electronics and in particular of microprocessor is now also required for mechanical

engineer in Bangladesh. However it can further added that the knowledge of economics,

language (for communication), law, accountancy, environment and management etc. is now an

integral part of mechanical engineering profession also considered in Bangladesh. According to

encyclopedia Britannica [8], four functions of the Mechanical Engineer are following: the first is

the understanding the Mechanical Science. Second is the sequence of research, design and

development to meet present and future needs through mechanical science. Third is production

of products and power, which embraces planning, operation, and maintenance. The goal is to

produce the maximum value with the minimum investment and cost while maintaining or

enhancing longer-term viability and reputation. Management oriented activities likes; Operations

research, value engineering, and PABLA (problem analysis by logical approach) can be linked

with mechanical activities for more value adding purposes. Moreover, mechanical engineers can

also analyze customer requirements, recommend satisfying needs economically, resolving

related problems and decide how assets to be used. In Bangladesh, mechanical engineers are

doing above functions including maintenance and installation management works in fertilizer/

chemical/power plant; roads and highway maintenance equipment maintenance management;

local government engineering works; water sanitation works; management consulting/counselor;

teacher for university/ College/polytechnic institutions for socio economic development aspects.

2.2 Electrical and Electronics Engineering

The following functions can be concerned of electrical and electronics engineering branch; basic

research in physics, other sciences, and applied mathematics in order to extend knowledge

applicable to the field of electronics; applied research based on the findings of basic research and

directed at discovering new applications and principles of operations; development of new

materials, devices, assemblies, and systems suitable for existing or proposed product lines;

design of devices, equipment and systems for manufacture; and field testing of equipment and

systems. Besides, management activities can be done by electrical and electronics engineers to

perform above tasks. In Bangladesh, electrical engineers are working above jobs including

engineering management in telecommunication industry, power distribution, rural electrification

and software/web development etc. for socio economic development aspects.


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2.3 Chemical Engineering

Roles of the chemical engineers are chemical engineers are employed in the design and

development of both processes and plant items; plant operation and control is increasingly the

sphere of the chemical engineer rather than the chemist, chemical engineering provides an ideal

background for the economic evaluation of new projects and in the plant construction sector for

marketing. The fundamental principles of chemical engineering underlie the operation of

processes extending well beyond the boundaries of the chemical industry and chemical engineers

can be employed in a range of operations outside traditional areas. Plastics, polymers and

synthetic fibers involve chemical-reaction engineering problems in their manufacture with fluid

flow and heat transfer considerations dominating their fabrication. The dyeing of a fibre is a

mass transfer problem. Pulp and paper manufacture involves considerations of fluid flow and

heat transfer. While the materials are different, these again are found in modern continuous

production of foodstuffs. The pharmaceuticals industry presents chemical engineering problems,

the solutions, which have been essential to the availability of modern drugs. The nuclear industry

can be made similar demands on the chemical engineering, particularly for fuel manufacture and

reprocessing. Fuel management can be involved specifying procuring and managing fuel

throughout its plant lifetime & beyond. Chemical engineers are involved in many sectors of the

metals processing industry, which extends from steel manufacture to separation of rare metals.

Moreover, in Bangladesh chemical engineers are served for management oriented activities canbe performed successfully to run the plant including hydrocarbon related activities like NG gas

identification, exploration and distribution related engineering management activities for socio

economic development in Bangladesh.

2.4 Civil Engineering

Civil engineers have to know their science, can be able to make use of that science and

understand the restrictions and uncertainties in their practicing art even more to face the

challenges. The functions of civil engineer can be divided into three categories [3]: those

performed before construction (feasibility studies, site investigation and design), those performed

during construction (dealing with clients, consulting engineers and contractors), and those

performed after construction (maintenance and research). No major project today is started

without an extensive study of the objective and without preliminary studies of possible plans

leading to a recommended scheme, perhaps with alternatives. Feasibility studies may cover


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alternatives methods e.g. bridge versus tunnels, in the case of a water crossing or once the

method is decided, the choice of route. Both economic and engineering problems must be

considered. An opening site investigation is part of the viability study, but once a plan has been

adopted a more extensive investigation is usually crucial. Money spent in rigorous study of

ground and substructure may save large sums later in remedial works or in changes made

necessary in construction methods. The loadbearing qualities and stability of the grounds are

important factors in any largescale construction. The engineering manager may be in charge of

setting the overall projects schedule and budget and needs to have the ability to keep big picture

perspective. In civil engineering perspective, the managing of a specific project during

construction, usually called construction engineering management, project director is done as

the main persons or company in charge of getting a project constructed, including preparing the

overall bid, managing subcontractors and maintain the relationship with owner for socio

economic aspects in Bangladesh.

2.5 Engineering Management

The engineering manager possesses abilities to apply engineering principles and skills in

organizing and directing people and projects through effectively and efficiently [6]. Engineering

management functions are linking for two types of jobs; the management of technical functions

(such as design, production and maintenance) and the top management of engineering and

technology companies [7]. Moreover engineering manager does not actually perform thetechnical engineering tasks through supervision the management of engineering and technology

policy development, technology assessment, technology transfer, research, development, design,

evaluation, production, commissioning or decommissioning of technical, electrical or electronic

equipment/system, but coordinates the overall project effort by assigning the different technical

tasks to the available staff. While management activities can be concerned include contract

management, project management, partnering, office management, professional practice and

development, financial management, human resources management, marketing and sales, ethics,

technology and innovation management, information management, continuing education,

organizational theory, strategic planning, conflict management, negotiating, risk management,

globalization, networking, change management, teamwork, team building, communication,

mentoring, coaching, and diversity for more value adding the engineering activity. All branches


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of engineering activity can be linked with management functions for better productivity in

Bangladesh also for the humanity.

3 Functional Areas of all Branches of Engineer in the Globe

From the above study has been come to the following decision for the work of all branches ofengineering and can be applied in Bangladesh for overcome the poverty, unemployment, GDP

growth etc to achieve the vision 2021:

3.1 Research and exploration

Using mathematical and scientific concepts, experimental techniques and inductive reasoning,

the research engineers in Bangladesh can be sought new principles and processes for advances of

technology for human being at efficiently and effectively to change socio economic condition in

Bangladesh.

3.2 Development and Improvement

Engineers can be applied the results of research to useful purposes through creative application

of new knowledge for a working model of a new electrical circuit, a chemical process, or an

industrial machine in Bangladesh for development and improvement socio economic situation of

Bangladesh people.

3.3 Design

In designing a structure or a product can be preferred methods, specified materials, determined

outlines, satisfied technical requirements and met performance specifications with the need of

Bangladesh people aspects.

3.4 Construction

Engineer is responsible for preparing the site , determining procedures that can economically

and safely yield the desired quality directing the placement of materials and organizing the

personnel and equipment for the need of Bangladesh.

3.5 Production

Plant layout and equipment selections are the responsibility of the production engineer, who

chooses processes and tools, integrates the flow of materials and components and provides for

testing and inspection for complying with the need with people/customer of Bangladesh.


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3.6 Operation

Engineer can controlled machines, plants, and organizations providing power, transportation and

communication; determines procedure and supervises personnel to obtain reliable and economic

operation of complex equipment.

3.7 Management and other functions

Almost industries engineers can be analyzed customer requirements, recommend units to satisfy

needs economically and resolve related problems for developed new product to accelerate the

socio economic development in Bangladesh.

4 Discussions

The author is observed different branches of engineer activity with line of engineering

management aspects in Bangladesh. In gist, at smaller companies, a single engineer can besuitable to perform most of this task. At larger companies, especially if working on enormous

scale projects, an engineer can be appropriate to effort mostly one functional area. Engineers

typically work in a team environment with constant communication among from each functional

area or several depending on the size and complexity of the organization/project/programme

using resources. The engineer can be made technological advances and availability of technology

for people. Moreover, engineer can be actively participated to see that such progresses do really

improve the welfare of people. The engineer can be concerned himself with the results of

technological progress such as its effect on the physical environment and its social and economic

impact, by virtue of his knowledge, skill and unique role in society. The results of engineering

activities can be contributed to the welfare of people by furnishing food, shelter, and comfort; by

making work, transportation and communication easier and safer; and by making life pleasant

and satisfying. A successful engineer can be prepared for decision making on complex problems

in broad areas; skilled in the use of sophisticated tools and creative in the development of new

techniques; conceived vast projects, analyzed as integrated man-machine-environment systems,

and the ability to predict technical performance and human impact. An engineer may be changed

his profession 3-5 times for fasting changing the world due to information technology; to be

flexible enough to adjust him with the changes in profession. Hence, engineering educational and

professional institutions may be significantly affected. In this perspective, Bangladeshs engineer


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are now educated in Master in Business Administration (MBA) for coping their management

activities with engineering activities for socio economic development aspects.

5. Recommendations

The author has been made following recommendations for engineering activities all over theworld all engineers not only for Bangladeshs engineers to make better world:

A comprehensive statutory registration system for engineers can be done by respectivegovernment of UN for regulating their jobs. This registration can be assisted in protecting

public health and safety, it also can be provided information for consumers protects the

community from unethical practitioners, reduced the costs of doing business.

An engineering organizations can be attempted to transform themselves to competesuccessfully in the future through variety of following management initiatives:

Total quality management Just-in-time (JIT) production and distribution systems. Time-based competition Lean production/lean enterprise Building customerfocused organizations. Activity-based cost management Employee empowerment and Reengineering etc.

The engineers can be executed the own work independently control and direction by the useof initiative, skill and independent judgment, for this purposes an environment can be created

by the respective authority /state/government.

Moreover, the consultant for engineering activity can be performed , but not be limited to, thefollowing:

Examine the type of services and work provided by engineers in all branches ofengineering and interrelated professions within the marketplace to determine the

interrelationship that exists between the various branches of engineers and other

interrelated professions.

Review and analyze educational requirements of engineers. Identify the degree to which supplemental or overlapping work between engineering

branches and interrelated professions occurs.


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Identify the manner in which local and state agencies utilize regulations and statues toregulate engineering work.

6. Conclusions

For all branches of engineering, setting up of exact specifications and precise measurements isone of the challenging aspects in the world of engineering functions in any engineering

organization as it reduces inventory problems and simplifies maintenance not only in

Bangladesh. It can be concluded that the manager for engineering functions and activities in an

organization can be developed a good leadership style such as the contingency theory of

leadership, which is flexible to accommodate the variety of problems and situations that keep

cropping up for socio-economic development perspective in the Earth. Each engineer in the

globe must be followed for human being advance with socio economic development aspects for

their own business. Hence the 50th

anniversary of independence of Bangladesh, percentage of

GDP with industrial ancestry can be grown from the present 28% to 40%, and where the proportion

of the labour force employed can be raised from the present 16% to 25% in 2021 according to

proposed industrial policy 2010. Bangladesh has to be a continuous development of human

resources, especially where it concerns manufacturing and energy security. The government of

Bangladesh can remain steadfast in taking environmentally-friendly and technologically-modern

initiatives aiming at accelerating the growth of all important industrial sectors such as energy and

fuel, agriculture and forestry, acquiring and processing of minerals, tourism and hospitality,

construction, information and communications technology by mobilizing capital and manpower

especially engineers.

Md Mamunur Rashid*Management Counsellor

Bangladesh Institute of Management

4, Sobhanbag, Mirpur Road, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh

Email: [email protected]

Phone:88-02-8117405~07


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References

1. Azim, AM (2000), Mechanical Engineering in the 21st century, Proceedings of Annual Papermeet and International Conference, The Institution of Engineers, Bangladesh, mechanical

Engineering Division, 17-19 February 2000, Lecture no.1 pp 1-7.2. Azim, AM (1999), Paradigm shift in engineering profession and the flexible engineer,

Journal of Multidisciplinary, Vol. 23-24 (1-2) PP.1-5

3. Sobhan, AM (1999), Direction of civil engineering profession in twenty first century, Journalof Multidisciplinary, Vol. 23-24 (1-2) PP.14-21

4. Mohiuddin, GM (1999), Direction of engineering profession in twenty first century, Journalof Multidisciplinary, Vol. 23-24 (1-2) PP.22-30

5. Rashid, M.M. (2002), Engineering Functions in the 21st Century. Proceedings of the First Annual Paper Meeting and the First International Conference on Electrical Engineering,

February 9, 2002, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, pp. 171-175.

6. Daniel L. Babcock, (1978), Is the Engineering Manager Different? Machine Design, March9, 1978, pp. 82-85.

7. Dhillon, B.S. (1987) Engineering Management, Technomic Publishing Company Inc.,Lancaster, PA, 1987.

8. http://www.britannica.com/; logging date July 5, 2011.

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