Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI-D Center...

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Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI/D Center: Emergency Preparedness & Crisis Management Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI/D Center: Emergency Preparedness & Crisis Management Bridget Bennett, MD, SCI/D Chief Maria Fides Pacheco, MD, SCI/D Clinical Operations Manager Maria Castro MSN, MHA, RN, CCRN, NE‐BC, SCI/D Chief Nurse Tiffany Villamin MSN, RN, CRRN, SCI/D Nurse Manager

Transcript of Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI-D Center...

Page 1: Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI-D Center ...2019.summitpva.org/sites/2019.summitpva.org/files/pdf/talks/P1934.pdf1. Describe the Multidrug Resistant Organism (MDRO): Carbapenamase‐

Rare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI/D Center: Emergency Preparedness & Crisis ManagementRare Multidrug Resistant Organism in SCI/D Center: Emergency Preparedness & Crisis Management

Bridget Bennett, MD, SCI/D ChiefMaria Fides Pacheco, MD, SCI/D Clinical Operations ManagerMaria Castro MSN, MHA, RN, CCRN, NE‐BC, SCI/D Chief Nurse Tiffany Villamin MSN, RN, CRRN, SCI/D Nurse Manager

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Disclosures• Bridget Bennett, Maria Fides Pacheco , Tiffany Villamin, and Maria 

Castro have no financial nor non‐financial interests to disclose.This continuing education activity is managed and accredited by Affinity CE in cooperation with PVA. Affinity CE,PVA, as well as all accrediting organizations, do not support or endorse any product or service mentioned in this activity. Disclosure will be made when a product is discussed for an unapproved use.

Affinity CE staff and PVA Staff, as well as planners and reviewers, have no relevant financial or non‐financial interests to disclose.

Commercial Support was not received for this activity.

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Learning Objectives1. Describe the Multidrug Resistant Organism (MDRO): Carbapenamase‐

Producing Carbapenem Resistant Enterococci New Delhi metallo‐beta lactamase‐1 (CP‐CRE NDM1)

2. Discuss reporting requirements for rare MDRO3. Discuss strategies in addressing rare MDRO4. Discuss lessons learned from crisis related to rare MDRO5. Describe strategies to address nurse staffing during a crisis with limited 

resources

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Background• Recurrent bacterial infections of the urinary tract, respiratory system and 

skin or bone are a known occurrence in patients with Spinal Cord Injury.  • Patients are generally treated with a course of antibiotics.  • In the last decade, there has been an increase in multidrug‐resistant 

organisms (MDRO), necessitating the use of more potent antibiotics, as well as need for isolation and cohorting when they are in the hospital. 

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Background• A Veteran who directly admitted to a SCI/D Center from a foreign country 

was found to have a rare MDRO: Carbapenamase‐Producing Carbapenem Resistant Enterococci with a New Delhi metallo beta lactamase‐1 enzyme (CP‐CRE NDM‐1).

• The CP‐CRE NDM‐1 strain was also found in the rectal swab of two other patients on the unit.  

• Therefore, the unit was closed for admissions and all Veterans were placed in contact isolation precaution.  

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Carbapenamase‐Producing Carbapenem Resistant Enterococci New Delhi metallo‐beta lactamase‐1 (CP‐CRE NDM‐1)

• MDRO – Multidrug Resistant Organisms

• CRE – Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacter– KPC: Klebsiella pneumonia 

carbapenemase– NDM: New Delhi 

Metallobetalactamase

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Enterobacteriaceae Large family of gram negative rods with >25  recognized genera

• Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli,  Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp.,  Proteus spp.

Normal gut flora & opportunistic pathogens Most common family encountered in clinical  microbiology labs In 2015, 3.1% of Enterobacteriaceae associated  with HAI were

carbapenem‐resistant1

1Woodworth et al, MMWR (2018). 67 (13)

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Opportunistic pathogen Pneumonia, urinary tract, bloodstream,  surgical site infections In 2014, 19% of infections associatedwith  HAIs were carbapenem

non‐susceptible 2015 pilot surveillance in 5 states: 9% were  carbapenem resistant

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Highly Resistant Gram Negative Bacteria

Limited treatment options High mortality (e.g., 50%) with serious infections Potential for epidemic spread (some strains)

– Highly transmissible organisms– Transmissible resistance

Antibiotic Resistant Threats in the United States, 2013, CDC

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Carbapenemases 5 of primary public health concern

– K. pneumoniae carbapenemase  (KPC)

– New Delhi Metallo‐β‐lactamase  (NDM)

– Verona Integron Mediated Metallo‐  β‐lactamase (VIM)

– Imipenemase (IMP)– OXA‐48‐type

Logan et al., J Infect Dis. 2017. Feb 15

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Spread of Carbapenemases Can Rapidly Increase the Percent Carbapenem Resistant

Friedman N, et. al. (2017). doi:10.1017/ice.2017.42

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Reporting Requirements• Dallas County : within 1 working day• State of Texas : within 1 working day• Notifiable Disease Surveillance Starts at State and Local Levels

– It is mandatory that reportable disease cases be reported to state and territorial jurisdictions when identified by a health provider, hospital, or laboratory

– It is voluntary that notifiable disease cases be reported to CDC by state and territorial jurisdictions (without direct personal identifiers) for nationwide aggregation and monitoring of disease data

• VHA : within 1 working day (of reporting to the state)

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Report Sent to:• VA North Texas Health Care System (VANTHCS) Infection Prevention and 

Control Service• VANTHCS Executive Leadership Team• Dallas County • State of Texas • CDC

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Strategies in addressing CP‐CRE NDM‐1Contact tracing• TheraDoc – Infection control & monitoring software

– Identify Veterans cohorted with Veteran Zero• Veteran Zero admitted to SCI & transferred to 5A Telemetry & 5A CCU

– SCI: 3 room changes– TheraDoc: 3 cohorted– Manual assignment verification: 2 additional cohorted

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Strategies in addressing CP‐CRE NDM‐1Veterans• Place all Veterans in contact isolation

– Restricted to their rooms• Perirectal screening swabs performed• Therapy performed at the bedside – not in the gym• CHG bathing daily• Restricted admissions

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Strategies in addressing CP‐CRE NDM‐1Meal preparation• Collaborate with food & nutrition service• All food transferred to disposable plates & cutlery before entering the room by nursing staff • Approximately 30 – 45 minutes to deliver trays forthe unit 

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Strategies in addressing CP‐CRE NDM‐1Staff• Infection control – enforce strict contact isolation precautions

– Nursing staff requested surgical disposable scrubs whenworking 1:1 with CP‐CRE NDM‐1– Regular isolation gowns for non 1:1 care

• Education • Dedicate equipment for 1:1 rooms• Sign‐in sheet for all personnel entering room of confirmed cases

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Strategies in addressing CP‐CRE NDM‐1Environment• EMS staff

– Cleaned isolation rooms in bunny suits– WexCide/PDI wipes daily

• Infection prevention & control service inspected rooms• Trash disposal

– Additional receptacles placed in every room– High volume of gowns & gloves

• Therapy area closed temporarily for terminal cleaning

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Crisis Management

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Crisis Management• COMMUNICATION

– Veterans on the unit– Staff in SCI/D unit– Staff throughout the facility

• Managing perception & transparency• Service‐level & Executive leadership involvement• Avoiding blame

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Lessons Learned• Microbiology report 

from the hospital in Thailand

• Review charts thoroughly when accepting patients from another country

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Lessons Learned• Contact tracing – must be accurate & verified• Discharge process• EMS team – terminal cleaning procedure

– Biofilm still present post‐terminal cleaning• Include therapy areas for terminal cleaning

– Equipment with high contact– MDRO patients should be scheduled for the end of the day

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Lessons Learned – CDC Q&A session• Recommendations for 1:1• Is PPE required for the CP‐CRE NDM‐1 in outpatient areas or home care?• Can they go out in public or on the unit? Or are they “quarantined”• Veterans discharged home – education for transmission to other family 

members?

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Nurse staffing• 3 Veterans on 1:1 with licensed staff

– Rotate 1:1 among all staff– Average daily census for the 2‐week period: 23

• OT for coverage• Cross‐train nurses throughout the facility• Contacted SCI/D Center in San Antonio & Houston

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Nurse staffing – Outcome • SCI/D staff were able to handle the spike in workload• Approximately 540 hours of OT in a 2‐week timeframe • Cross‐train nurses

– Only one RN came to orient, but did not return to pick up shifts• Contacted SCI/D Center in San Antonio & Houston• Is your SCI/D Center equipped to handle this type of workload?

– DUSHOM Memo & increase in SCI/D nurse staffing

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Crisis Management: The Nurse Leader’s Role• Core mission

– Maintain safety & meet basic needs of patients & staff• Communication

– Timely & Transparent• Coordination

– Build bridges & partnerships with other organizations/services• Visibility• Organizational readiness plans 

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Veteran Outcomes

• Patient Zero – hospice care on SCI/D unit, passed away

• Patient 1 – discharged– Acute rehabilitation during incident

• Patient 2 – discharged after 8 month admission, passed away

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Questions?

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