RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND … EIA EMP.pdf · 3.5 Windrose diagram of IMD data of...

MEGHALAYA CEMENTS LTD.

RAPID

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

FOR

EXPANSION OF CEMENT PLANT (FROM 900 TPD TO 2600 TPD AND 18 MW CPP)

AT

VILLAGE. THANGSKAI, LUMSHNONG DISTT. JAINTIA HILLS, MEGHALAYA

APRIL, 2008

Prepared by:

M I N M E C C O N S U L T AN C Y P V T . L T D . A - 1 2 1 , P a r y a v a r a n C o m p l ex , I G N O U R o a d , N e w D e l h i – 1 1 0 0 3 0

Ph : 29534777, 29532236, 29535891 ; Fax: 091-11-29532568 Em ai l :m in_m ec@vsn l . c om; W eb s i t e : ht tp: / /www.minmec .co . in

Estb. 1983

An ISO 9001:2000 approved company

Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd.

REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) i

CONTENTS

Sl. No. Description Page No.

CHAPTER 0 : COMPLIANCE OF TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 General 1-1

1.2 Proposed project and products 1-1

1.3 Justification 1-2

1.4 State scenario 1-4

1.5 Markets 1-9

1.6 Legal aspects 1-11

1.7 Environmental impact assessment and management plan 1-11

1.8 Location and communication 1-12

CHAPTER 2 : PROJECT DETAILS

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 Cement plant 2-1

2.3 Environmental protection 2-18

2.4 Manpower 2-19

2.5 Colony details 2-21

2.6 Captive limestone mines 2-23

2.7 Captive power plant 2-25

CHAPTER 3 : PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

3.1 General 3-1

3.2 Physiography 3-1

3.3 Climate and meteorology 3-2

3.4 Ambient air quality 3-12

3.5 Water resources 3-15

3.6 Noise level and traffic density 3-18

3.7 Seismicity 3-19

3.8 Land use 3-19

3.9 Ecology 3-23

3.10 Socio-economic conditions 3-27

3.11 Industries around the project area 3-31

3.12 Places of tourist/religious/historical interest 3-33

3.13 Environmental sensitivity analysis using GIS 3-33

3.14 Digital elevation model of core project area of Meghalaya Cements Ltd.

3-42


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) ii


CHAPTER 4 : ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

& MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 General aspects 4-1

4.2 Air environment 4-2

4.3 Noise environment and traffic density 4-11

4.4 Water environment 4-14

4.5 Land environment 4-16

4.6 Ecology 4-20

4.7 Socio-economic environment 4-23

4.8 Occupational health and safety measures 4-23

4.9 Impact on sensitive targets 4-24

4.10 Impact prediction scenario based on GIS technique 4-24

4.11 Environmental impact evaluation 4-28

CHAPTER 5 : CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 General 5-1

5.2 Air environment 5-1

5.3 Noise environment 5-5

5.4 Water environment 5-5

5.5 Land environment 5-6

5.6 Ecology 5-6

5.7 Socio-economic environment 5-7

CHAPTER 6 : ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.1 Site alternatives 6-1

6.2 Technology alternatives 6-1

CHAPTER 7 : MONITORING, FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND FISCAL ESTIMATES

7.1 Introduction 7-1

7.2 Proposed set up 7-1

7.3 Monitoring schedule and parameters 7-3

7.4 Fiscal estimates 7-4


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) iii


CHAPTER 8 : DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

8.1 Type of disaster at cement plant and CCP 8-1

8.2 Accident level 8-1

8.3 Disaster preventive measures 8-2

8.4 Contingency plan for management of emergency 8-3

8.5 Miscellaneous preventive measures 8-6

CHAPTER 9 : PROJECT BENEFITS

9.1 Direct benefits to the national and state exchequer 9-1

9.2 Other benefits 9-1

CHAPTER 10 : DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED 10-1


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Particulars Page No.

0.1 Point wise compliance to terms of reference (Combined for Cement Plant and CPP)

0-1

1.1 Salient features of the project 1-1 1.2 National cement consumption in the last 10 years (MT) 1-2 1.3 National cement demand forecast (MT) 1-3 1.4 Estimated future effective cement capacity (MT) 1-3 1.5 Future demand supply gap (MT) 1-4 1.6 Past cement consumption in Assam (MT) 1-4 1.7 List of plants in Assam 1-5 1.8 Future cement consumption in Assam (MT) 1-5 1.9 Future capacity additions in Assam 1-6 1.10 Future supply capability of Assam 1-6 1.11 Future demand supply Gap in Assam (MT) 1-6 1.12 Market size for rest of north east (figures for FY07) 1-7 1.13 Past cement consumption of rest of north east (MT) 1-7 1.14 List of plants in rest of north-east 1-8 1.15 Future cement consumption in rest of north-east 1-8 1.16 Future capacity additions in rest of north-east 1-9 1.17 Future supply capability of rest of north-east 1-9 1.18 Future demand supply gap in rest of north-east (MT) 1-9

2.1 Consumption norms 2-2

2.2 Operating hours for main machinery 2-2

2.3 Norms for storage capacities 2-3

2.4 Details of plant layout and flowsheets 2-10

2.5 Manpower existing as on 31-03-2008 2-20

2.6 Manpower requirement for expansion to 2600 TPD 2-20

2.7 Colony details 2-22

2.8 Details and status of mining leases 2-24

3.1 Monthly average max. & min. temperature (1996-2006) 3-2 3.2 Annual rainfall observed at Shillong 3-4 3.3 Average monthly relative humidity from 1996-2006

(IMD station, Shillong) 3-5

3.4 Summary of monitored micrometeorological data (November 1, 2007 to January 31, 2008)

3-9

3.5 Wind frequency table of data monitored at Meghalaya (01/11/2007 TO 28/01/2008)

3-9

3.6 Location of air sampling stations 3-12 3.7 Procedure for determining various air quality parameters 3-14 3.8 Summary of ambient air quality monitoring results

(Winter, 2007-08) 3-14

3.9 Stack monitoring results (December, 2007) 3-15


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) v

Table No. Particulars Page No.

3.10 Location of water bodies in study area 3-16 3.11 Location of water sampling stations 3-17 3.12 Water analysis report 3-18 3.13 Ambient noise levels 3-18 3.14 Traffic density 3-19 3.15 Present landuse within project area 3-20 3.16 Land use details of study area (Ha) 3-20 3.17 Soil sampling stations 3-21 3.18 Plantation carried out in the core zone 3-23 3.19 Tree flora at Mynkre (P4) 3-25 3.20 Tree flora at Shiehruphi (P1) 3-26 3.21 Tree flora at Umstain (P2) 3-26 3.22 Tree flora at Wahiajer (P3) 3-26 3.23 Male and female wise population (Census 2001) 3-27 3.24 Demographic details (Census 2001) 3-28 3.25 Employment pattern within the study area (Census 2001) 3-29 3.26 List of industries in the study area 3-31

4.1 Characteristics of proposed stacks 4-4 4.2 Calculated ground level concentration (µg/m3)

(Towards three predominant wind directions) 4-5

4.3 Main stacks and SPM control equipment 4-10 4.4 Noise pollution level of the equipments 4-11 4.5 Cumulative increase in traffic due to various activities 4-13 4.6 Anticipated change in land use within project area 4-19 4.7 Year wise proposed plantation programme 4-21 4.8 Environmental evaluation 4-28 4.9 Environmental evaluation : Environmental pollution 4-28 4.10 Environmental evaluation : Aesthetics 4-29 4.11 Environmental evaluation : Human interests 4-30 4.12 Summary of Environmental valuation 4-30

5.1 Characteristics of existing and proposed stacks 5-2

5.2 Calculated ground level concentration (µg/m3) (Towards three predominant wind directions)

5-3

5.3 Main stacks and SPM control equipment 5-4

7.1 Proposed list of equipment in the environmental laboratory 7-2

7.2 Monitoring schedule and parameters 7-3

7.3 Estimated cost of pollution control equipment and arrangements

7-4

7.4 Recurring cost for environmental protection 7-5

8.1 Hazardous area with concerned accidents 8-1

8.2 Different fire extinguishers at different sites 8-7


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) vi

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Particulars Page No.

1.1 Location map 1-13

2.1 Plant layout 2-11

2.2 Flow sheet for raw material preparation 2-12

2.3 Flow sheet for raw material grinding & transportation 2-13

2.4 Flow sheet for C.F Silo, kiln feed 2-14

2.5 Flow sheet for pre-heater, kiln and cooler 2-15

2.6 Flow sheet for coal handling, grinding & feeding 2-16

2.7 Flow sheet for clinker storage and transport 2-17

2.8 Water balance diagram of CCP 2-30

3.1 Topography of core zone and hydro-morphological map of study area

3-3

3.2 Monthly average max. & min. temperature (°C) at

IMD station, Shillong (1996-2006)

3-4

3.3 Monthly average rainfall (mm) at IMD station, Shillong

(1996-2006)

3-5

3.4 Monthly relative humidity (%) at IMD station, Shillong

(1996-2006)

3-6

3.5 Windrose diagram of IMD data of Shillong at 8:30 hrs 3-7

3.6 Windrose diagram of IMD data of Shillong at 17:30 hrs 3-8

3.7 Windrose diagram of monitored data 3-11

3.8 Location of sampling stations 3-13

3.9 Land use pattern in the study area as per satellite imagery 3-21

3.10 Land use map of satellite imagery 3-22

3.11 Break up of SC & ST in the study area (Census 2001) 3-28

3.12 Literacy level in the study area (Census 2001) 3-28

3.13 Employment pattern in the study area (Census 2001) 3-30

3.14 Break up of main workers in the study area (Census 2001) 3-30

3.15 Locations of industries and mines 3-32

3.16 Dispersion sensitivity map of project area 3-35

3.17 Aerial (Landuse Sensitivity) of project area 3-35

3.18 Ground water potential regime of project area 3-37

3.19 Ground water table depth zonation of project area 3-37

3.20 Infiltration regime of project area 3-38

3.21 Groundwater pollution sensitivity map of project area 3-38

3.22 Surface water use regime for project area 3-41

3.23 Surface water quality regime for project area 3-41

3.24 Surface water flow map of project area 3-43

3.25 Surface water pollution sensitivity map of project area 3-43


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) vii

Figure No. Particulars Page No.

3.26 DEM of core project area 3-45

3.27 DEM draped with false colour composite of LISS IV satellite imagery

3-45

4.1 GLC prediction of SPM study area within 10 km radius 4-6

4.2 GLC prediction of SO2 study area within 10 km radius 4-6

4.3 GLC prediction of NOx study area within 10 km radius 4-7

4.4 GLC prediction of CO study area within 10 km radius 4-7

4.5 GLC prediction from road transport 4-9

4.6 Stone mine conceptual plan 4-17

4.7 Proposed plant layout 4-22

4.8 Cumulative impact assessment of the project 4-26

4.9 Cumulative impact assessment of the project on water bodies 4-26

4.10 Cumulative impact assessment of the project on village settlements

4-27

4.11 Cumulative impact of the project on forest area 4-27

7.1 Pollution control management 7-2

8.1 General coordination among on site emergency team members

8-5


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) viii

LIST OF ANNEXURES

Annex. No. Particulars

I Climatological data recorded at IMD station, Shillong

II Micro-meteorological monitored data

III Ambient air quality test results

IV National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS)

V Water quality test results

VI Test characteristics for drinking water

VII Noise levels within the study area [Leq in dB(A)] and within the plant area

VIII Damage risk criteria for hearing loss occupational safety & health administration (OSHA)

IX Ambient air quality standards in respect of noise

X Traffic density

XI Soil test results

XII List of flora in the study area & core zone

XIII List of fauna in the study area & core zone

XIV Village wise population and literacy within the study area (Census 2001)

XV Village wise employment pattern in the study area

(Census 2001)

XVI Village wise amenities in the study area as per (Census 2001)

XVII Digital elevation model of core project area

XVIII Dispersion model for anticipating the ground level concentration (GLC's) of air pollutants due to plant

XIX GIS & remote sensing study of impact

XX TOR issued by SEAC

XXI Fugitive dust model (FDM) for anticipating GLCs along road due to emission of transport vehicles


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) ix

ABBREVIATION

ACW : Auxiliary Cooling Water AMSL : Above Mean Sea Level

A/C : Air Conditioning

AHP : Ash Handling Plant

BMCR : Boiler Maximum Continuous Rating

°C : Degree Centigrade CW System : Cooling Water System CCW : Circulating Cooling Water CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

cusec : Cubic Foot Per Sec

C&I : Control & Instrumentation

CO : Carbon Monoxide

CT : Cooling Tower

CPP : Captive Power Plant

Cumd : Cubic metre per day

CHP : Coal Handling Plant

DM : Demineralization Plant dB : Decibels EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment ESP : Electrostatic Precipitator EMD : Environmental Management Division

EOT : Electric Overhead Traveling

GLC : Ground Level Concentration

GIS : Geographical Information System

HP : High Pressure

IMD : India Meteorological Department IS : Indian Standard KWH : Kilowatt Hour KM : Kilometre LDO : Light Diesel Oil

LDO : Light Diesel Oil

LP : Low Pressure

MTPA : Million Tonnes Per Annum MW : Mega Watt MWH : Mega Watt Hour MoEF : Ministry of Environment & Forests MOU : Memorandum of Understanding

MVWS : Medium Velocity Water System

MSPCB : Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board

MCC : Motor Control Centres

NOx : Oxides of Nitrogen

NFPA : National Fire Prevention Association

SO2 : Oxides of Sulphur

SPM : Suspended Particulate Matter

PLF : Plant Load Factor

RPM : Respirable Particulate Matter

REIA : Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment

SCAPH : Steam Coiled Air Pre-Heater

SH : State Highway

Sq. Km : Square Kilometre


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) x

TG : Turbine Generator

TPP : Thermal Power Plant

TPS : Thermal Power Station TPH : Tonnes Per Hour TPD : Tonne per day TG : Turbine Generator

TAC : Tariff Advisory Committee

UPS : Uninterrupted Power Supply


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) xi

B I B L I O G R AP H Y

Sl. No. Particulars

1. EIA Notification dated 14th September, 2006 of MOEF, N. Delhi 2. “Pollution Control Acts, Rules and Notifications issued there under”

by CPCB, January, 2006. 3. “Industrial Air Pollution Handbook” 1997 edited by Albert Parker. 4. “Spatial Distributions of Hourly Mixing Depth _____ Indian Region”

by CPCB, MoEF, July, 2002. PROBES/88/2002-03 5. Assessment of Impact to Air environment: Guidelines for

conducting Air Quality, Modeling by CPCB, Delhi. PROBES/70/1997-98

6. “Detailed Project Report for 1X18 MW Captive Power Plant at

Thangskai” July 2000 by AKB Power Consultant PVt. Ltd., Kolkata. 7. “Techno-Economics Feasibility Report” , “Augmentation of

Clinkerisation Capacity from 900 TPD to 2600 TPD at Thangskai, Meghalaya, July 2007 by Holtec Consulting Pvt. Ltd.

8 Flowers of the Himalaya-by Oleg Polunin & Adam Stainton 9 The Wild life (Protection)Act 1972 (as amended 1991) 10 Horticultural Crops of Assam-2005 by Department of Agriculture,

Assam and Assam Agriculture University 11 Divisional Forest Officer, Assam State Zoo, Guwahati (1997-98)

Supplement to Plant inventory of Assam State Zoo cum Botanical Garden, Guwahati-5.

12 Ali Salim (1979), The book of Indian Birds- published by Bombay

Natural History Society 13 Red Data Book of Indian Plants in three volumes by Botanical

Survey of India


REIA/EMP for Expansion of Cement Plant of MCL at Thangskai (Meghalaya) 0-1

CHAPTER 0

COMPLIANCE OF TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) The chapter deals with the compliance of terms of reference (TOR) for

expansion of cement plant of Meghalaya Cements Ltd located at village Thangskai, distt. Jaintia hills from existing capacity of 900tpd to 2600tpd clinker along with captive limestone mines and captive power plant (capacity 18 MW). incorporated into REIA/EMP report as given by EAC Committee, Meghalaya.

Prior Environmental clearance has been obtained and letter specifying the

Terms Of Reference (TOR) has been issued by the State EAC vide their letter No SEAC/ Misc./29 dt 26-11-2008 for Cement Plant expansion, letter No. SEAC /1 dt 17th December, 2007 for Thermal Power Plant and letter No SEAC/ Misc./9 dt 15-01-2008 for amalgamation of both the TORs. All points of amalgamated TOR have been incorporated in the REIA which is now to be processed for Public Hearing.

The ‘Terms of References’ issued by SEAC are attached as Annexure XX.

Table 0.1 gives the point wise compliance to the terms of reference. The terms of reference are addressed in the Environment Impact

Assessment Report and the Environment Management Plan. These are in addition to the generic structure envisaged in Appendix III and Appendix IIIA of the EIA Notification dated 14th September 2006 issued by Government of India. The project area includes the core zone and buffer zone (impact zone) extending upto 10 kms radius from the periphery of the core zone.

TABLE 0.1

POINT WISE COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE (COMBINED FOR CEMENT PLANT AND CPP)

Sl. No.

Questions Answers

1 Hydrogeological Environment a Information and data on

hydrogeology and geology of the project area and preparation of hydro-morphological map of the project area.

Refer para 3.5.1.2, page 3-16 and 3-17 of EIA and para 3.13.3 / 3.13.4, page 3-36 of EIA. For details refer Annexure XIX. Hydro-morphological map is shown in Fig 3.1 at page 3-3.

b Study of geomorphological features of the project area analyzing relief, slope and drainage pattern. Preparation of suitable drainage map of the project area. Please add a note on changes that could have occurred in drainage pattern after

Refer para 3.13.9 page 3-40 of EIA & 3.14 page 3-42 & 3.14.1 page 3-44 of EIA for present scenario. For drainage map refer Fig 3.1 page 3-3 of EIA and Fig 10 of Annexure XIX. For change in drainage and topography refer para 4.5.2 a & b, page 4-18



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

the project has been initiated till date.

c Map of major and minor fracture zones in the project area.

Please refer para 3.13.5 page 3-36 & Fig 3.20 page 3-38 of EIA.

d Preparation of watershed and sub-watershed boundary map within the project area.

Refer Fig 3.1 page 3-3 of EIA.

e Study on availability of groundwater in the area. Please add a note on change in availability of groundwater after initiation of the project till date.

Refer para 3.5.1.3 page 3-17 of EIA & para 3.13.3 page 3-36 of EIA. No impact on availability of ground water is anticipated as no ground water is proposed to be abstracted (Refer para 4.4.1 page 4-14)

f Determine hydrogeological cycle and water budget of the area. Please add a note on change in the water budget since the initiation of the project till date.

Hydrological cycle and water budget: Rainfall:(2044 mm) - Surface runoff: (67%) - Evaporation: (30%) - Infiltration: (3%)* Total: 100% * It ultimately becomes base flow

g Estimation of peak rate of run off (through Rational Method of Curve Number Method) from the core project area. Predict the volume of runoff from the core project area into nearby streams through derivation of rainfall run-off relationship.

The highest recorded 24 hours rainfall at Shillong is 2444 mm which may generate overland flow of 9.687 ham from the core zone of 59.269 ham, considering run off factor as 67%. (Refer para 3.2.2 page 3-1 of REIA)

h Impact on the catchment, watershed areas, and water courses running in the project area.

Refer para 3.13.7 page 3-39 & 3.13.8 page 3-40 of EIA.

i Impact on local aquifers contiguous to the project site. Please add a note on the impact on the local aquifers on account of existing operation.

No impact, as no groundwater is proposed to be used. (Refer para 4.4.1 page 4-14)

j Impact on ground water quality and relating to permeability in the area and location of major fracture zones

No impact on ground water quality is anticipated as the plant is based on zero discharge concepts. Refer para 4.4.2, page 4-14, para 3.13.5 page 3-36 and 3.13.6 page 3-39 of EIA.

2. Soil environment

a Determine hysico-chemical characteristics of soil (such as Texture, porosity, WHC, pH, SOC, TKN, P, S, Ca, K. M. Mg. and Fe),

Refer para 3.8.5 page 3-21 of EIA and Annexure XI.



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

sail analysis shall be done once only and during winter season. At least three sites each for buffer and once area to be taken for soil sampling.

b Permeability rate in different soil horizon.

Refer para 3.13.5 page 3-36 of EIA.

c Analysis of impact of the project on soil

The plantation over 33% of area shall improve soil condition. Refer para 4.5.2 a,b,c,d page 4-18 and 4-19 of EIA.

3. Air Environment a Micrometeorology: Collect

micrometeorological data with respect to hourly wind velocity and wind direction, relative humidity ambient air temperature, cloud cover, and daily rainfall data. The corresponding frequency distribution of wind behaviour with wind rose diagram shall be prepared to provide input to Air Quality Prediction Model.

i. Hourly micrometeorology: Refer para 3.3 page 3-9 and Annexure II

ii. Frequency distribution: Refer Table 3.5 page 3-9

iii. Wind rose: Refer Fig 3.7 page 3-11

b Baseline ambient air quality: SPM, RPM, SO2 NOx, & CO at least 4 locations. Data to be collected for 24 hours, twice a week at each location of 16 weeks spread over four seasons covering both core zone and buffer zone. Please include the baseline data obtained before initiation of the project

Refer para 3.4 page 3-12 to 3-15 of REIA and Annexure III

c Prepare inventory of point, and area sources.

Refer para 4.2.1.A, B.i, Bii page 4-2 to 4.3 and Table 4.1 page 4-4 of REIA

d Evaluate cumulative effect of point, and area sources using appropriate model in preliminary estimation and Gaussian. Plume Model in subsequent analysis to establish source and receptor relationship

Refer para 4.2.1.A, B.iii, and iv page 4-2 and 4-3 of REIA along with Annexure XVIII

e Quantify emissions from all existing sources in the project area.

Refer para 4.2.1.A, B.i, Bii and Table 4.1 of REIA page 4-2, 4-3 and 4-4

f Quantitative prediction of air pollutants in the form of incremental Modeling Software (for eg. using ISC-AEROMOD-ICST developed by USEPA or any other equivalent model).

Refer para 4.2.1, B.iii, and iv page 4-4 to 4-5 of REIA along with Annexure XVIII and “Table 2 of Annexure XIX”. Fig 4-1 to 4.4 page 4-6 to 4-7



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g Calculate maximum resultant GLC at identified locations taking into consideration background GLC and predominant wind direction.

Refer “Table 2 of Annexure XIX” of REIA

h Estimate comprehensively the damages that have already occurred in the core and buffer zone due to air pollutants in the area by taking help of air quality data prior to setting up of the industry.

No damages have occurred due to the past operation of the plant in core zone and buffer zone as is evident from the monitored data which very much within the limits prescribed by CPCB/SPCB refer Table 3.8 page 3-14 of REIA).

i Analysis of the current transportation arrangements and predict the impact of the vehicular emissions due to enhanced transportation.

The current status of transportation is given in para 3.6.B page 3-19, Table 3.14 page 3-19, the emissions of which have been assimilated in the AAQ data monitored in core and buffer zone. The future status is cover under para 4.3.3 page 4-13 of REIA. Emissions Incremental values of GLCs due to transportation activities on road connecting the plant to the NH-44 is covered in para 4.2.1,B2,V page 4-8 and Fig 4.5 page 4-9 of REIA.

4. Noise Environment

a Assessment of present and projected noise levels in the project area.

Assessment of present noise levels is given in para 3.6.A page 3-18 and projected noise levels in para 4.3.1 page 4-11.

b Identification of sources of noise Refer Table 4.4 of REIA page 4-11, para 4.3.1 page 4-11 & 4-12

c Prediction and evaluation of noise levels, their duration and diurnal variation if any.

Refer para 4.3.1 page 4-11 and relavant standards in Annexure IX.

d Identification of high noise level zones along with their duration and suggestions for mitigation measures. Please add a note on success or failure of mitigation measures already taken after the initiation of the project.

Refer para 4.3.2 page 4-12 of REIA and Annexure VII

e Monitor noise levels on hourly basis during 24th cycle, twice a week, for 16 weeks spread over four seasons. Prepare table of C-weighted peak levels in db(pKC) and equivalent continuous sound levels (Leq) in dBA.

Refer Annexure VII



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Questions Answers

5. Water Environment a Identify sources of water bodies

including streams, and bore wells in the project area.

Refer para 3.5.1 page 3-16 & 3-17 of EIA.

b Identify present and future designated use of water including impact of the project on the water availability for different users.

Refer para 2.2.6.1 on page 2-9 for water use. No impact on ground water as no ground water is proposed to be drawn. Refer Para 3.5.1 page 3-16, para 4.13.7 page 4-39 & 3.13.9 page 3-14 of REIA

c. Identify sources of water pollution from the project activities.

Refer para 4.4 page 4-14 & 4-15 of EIA & para 3.13.6, 3.13.7, 3.13.8 page 3-39 & 3-40 of EIA. However main sources are: Industrial effluent Domestic effluent Power plant effluent

d Assess surface water and ground water quality with respect to parameters prescribed by CPCB. Please add a note on change in quality parameters since the initiation of the project

Refer para 3.5.2 of EIA, page 3-17 and 3-18, Annexure V.

e Prepare water budget of the area. Refer 1.f above. Refer para 3.2.2 page 3-1 under heading “drainage”, 3.5.1, page 3-16 under the heading “groundwater resource”.

f Details of Water Treatment Plant and Sewage Treatment Plant installed or to be installed / capacity enhanced in the project area.

Refer para 4.5.2 (a) page 4-18.

6. Land Environment

a Assess existing land use pattern and provide a detailed land use map of the project area.

Refer para Fig 2.1 at page 2-11 and 3.8.1 page 3-19 along with Table 3.15 at page 3-20

b Preparation of Digital Elevation Model of the core project area in 1:10,000 seale to enable topographic/terrain analysis.

Refer Fig 3.1 at page 3-3 and Annexure XVII

c Estimation of total limestone reserves in the project area with map showing the extent and locations. Determination of the quantity of limestone that could be sustainably extracted from the project area without altering the delicate geological balance of the area. This study should be duly authenticated by appropriate organization. Please also state the

Refer para 2.6.2 page 2-23 and para 2.6.4 page 2-24



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anticipated need of the industry during its entire life span keeping in view the projected cement production capacity. Please add a note on limestone reserves available at the time of initiation of the project and correlated the cement produced with the decline in the sanctioned limestone reserve.

d Prepare an inventory of waste, and waste disposal sites and plan for recycle or use of the same. Please add a note on measures that have already been taken since the project has become operational.

There would be no waste generated from the cement plant. The ash generated from the CPP will be used for clinker manufacture. The solid waste generated by the mines will be utilised for backfilling followed by reclamation of mined area.

f Impacts of the project on land use and related activities.

Refer para 4.5.1 at page 4-16, Fig 4.6 page 4-17, Fig 4.7 page 4-22 and Table 4-6 page 4-19

g Indicate the presence of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Reserve Forests, Architectural monuments and limestone cave network in the vicinity of the project area (within a radius of 25 km) and the impact of the proposed project on them.

Refer para 3.12 at page 3-33, para 4.9 at page 4-20, Fig 3.15 at page 3-32

h Certificate from the PCCF that land over which the Thermal Power plant project is due to be located is non-forest Survey of Indian and deemed forest definition as arrived at by Hon’ble Supreme Court in W.P.(c)202/1995 in T.N. Godavarman Vs Union of India.

Certificate applied

7. Biological and Ecological Environment

a Vegetation: Described the vegetation types, existing forest cover and its characteristics including lower plants and microflora.

Refer para 3.9 page 3-23, Fig 3.10 page 3-22

b Information of flora: Comprehensive list of plants found in the area grouped according to taxonomic groups and their uses, and volume of trees present. Animals found in the area grouped according to classes. Density and diversity of aquatic flora and fauna.

Refer para 3.9, page 3-23, Fig 3.8 page 3-13 for location of phyto sociological sampling locations and Fig 3.10 page 3-22 for land cover map, Also refer Annexure XII and XIII for comprehensive list of flora and fauna. There is no flight route passing over the area



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

Identification of threatened categories of species of flora and fauna, indicating their status. Migratory routes of animals and precautionary measures to be taken regarding flight pattern of migratory birds. Please add a note on increase or decrease in flora after the initiation of the project.

c Impact of project activities on the biodiversity in general.

Refer para 4.6.1 at page 4-20

d Possible impact of the project on the existing forest in the project area.

There is no forest in project area

e Blue print for greenbelt program covering atleast 33% of the core project area.

Refer para 4.6.2.i at page 4-21 and Fig 4.7 page 4-22

f Information of Fauna: Birds, reptiles, fish and mammals and precautionary measures to be taken, flight pattern of migratory birds.

Refer para 3.9 page 3-23, Fig 3.8 page 3-13 for location of phytosociological sampling locations and Fig 3.10 page 3-22 for land cover map, Also refer Annexure XIII for comprehensive list of fauna. There is no flight route passing over the area and there are no migratory birds found in the area

g Aquatic flora and fauna : Density and diversity of aquatic flora and fauna including phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic communities.

Shalennai and Kha bah fishes are found. For details of aquatic fauna refer Annexure XIII.

h Threatened categories of species: Identification of threatened categories of species of flora and fauna, indicating theirs status.

Threatened species is Monkey of Schedule II (refer para 3.9.2 page 3-27 of REIA). There is no threatened species of flora.

8 GIS – Remote sensing study

a GIS – Remote sensing tool shall be employed for analyzing the impact of project on existing forest cover, water bodies and settlement areas. The analysis should be performed / authenticated by an appropriate Government organization

Refer para 3.13 page 3-33 of REIA and Annexure XIX.

9 Socio-economic Environment

a Collection of secondary data on village wise population, sex ratio, literacy, occupational structure, number of households and percentage of main workers and

Refer para 3.10.1 to 3.10.2 at page 3-27 to 3-29 of REIA and Annexure XIV and XV.



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

non-workers. b Collection of primary information on

social amenities, infrastructure facilities in the study area.

Refer para 3.10.4 at page 3-30 of REIA and Annexure XVI.

c Assessment of the impact on socio-economic environment.

Refer para 4.7 page 4-23 of REIA

d Activities to be undertaken under corporate social and environmental responsibility. Please furnish details of activities that have been undertaken so far as per the EIA of the existing project. In case of failure to meet the responsibility, what additional measures are being considered.

Refer Chapter 9

10. Issues to be addressed in Environment Management Plan

a Details of procurement of latest plant machineries well equipped with pollution control measures alongwith details of all pollution control equipments with their working efficiency. Please furnish details of existing plant machineries and their efficiency in pollution control measures for the present.

Please refer Chapter 2

b Environmental Management plan during constructional phase

Refer para 4.2.2.A page 4-8, para 4.3.2 page 4-12, para 4.3.4 page 4-14, para 4.6.2 page 4-21 of REIA

c Analysis of optimum use of resources in the form of raw material water, fuel and energy, process optimization for more production and less waste generation, preventive maintenance to minimize leakage and spillage and waste utilization plan.

Ash generated from the CPP will be utillised for manufacture of clinker. Biodegradable waste will be used as manure. Hazardous high calorific value will be utiled in the kiln. The oil and grease will be transported and stored in leak proof containers. Efficient machinery will be utilised and will be regularly maintained.

d Details of EMP at operational stage covering full details relating to solid waste disposal.

Refer para 4.5.1 page 4-16 and para 4.5.2 page 4-18 of REIA

e A detailed note on air pollution control measures at different emission points with respect to air quality management.

Refer para 4.2.2 page 4-8 of REIA

f Analysis of design aspects, collection efficiency and emission norms from the attached stacks of Air Pollution Control Equipments

Refer Table 4.3 page 4-10 of REIA



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

(APC). g Discussion on management and

disposal of solid waste and effluents generated from these APC equipments. Please add a note on the current practice being followed at the existing project.

Refer para 4.5.2 page 4-19 for management of liquid and solid waste. The dust collected in the bag filters and ESPs is resed in the clinker manufacture. Fly ash, generated from the CPP, will be utillised for manufacture of clinker

h Fugitive dust emission from the different storage and transfer points and the haul road emissions and their detailed control aspects.

Refer para 4.2.2.A,B.1 at page 4-8, 4.2.2.B.1 at page 4-8 of REIA

i Water management plan for most efficient use of fresh water.

The project is designed on zero discharge concept, resulting into most efficient use of water.

j Waste water management dealing with treatment methodologies and recycling / reuse of treated waste water. Comprehensive Waste Water Management Plan to achieve zero discharge norms.

The clinker manufacturing plant does not produce any industrial effluent. The treatment of effluents from CPP is shown in Fig 2.8 page 2-30 after which it utilised gainfully.

k Creation of water harvesting ponds Refer para 4.5.1 (c) page 4-18. Water harvesting pond is shown in Fig 4.7 page 4-22.

l Details of solid waste inventorization, their characterization and their usage potentially.

Refer para 4.5.2 page 4-18 of REIA

m Steps taken towards non-generation of process hazardous waste

n Noise control devices with different equipments at design stage, protective measures at work zone sites and supply of protective gears to affected personnel.

Refer para 4.3.2 at page 4-12 and para 4.8 at page 4-23 of REIA

o Rehabilitation measures for threatened categories of plants and animals. Please include information on rehabilitation measures that have been already adopted.

There are no threatened species of plants. Monkey of Schedule II is the only threatened species. No special measures are required except that the employees as well as the population of surrounding villages will be educated for conservation and protection of the Monkey through specially arranged camps and continuous campaign through posters at prominent places. Refer para 4.6.2 at page 4-21.

p Details of comprehensive plantation program covering allocation area, fund allocation, selection of species and maintenance plan. Please

Refer para 4.6.2 at page 4-21 for plantation programme. Refer para 7.4 page 7-4 and 7-5 for fund allocation. The survival is more than 70%



Sl. No.

Questions Answers

include a note on the success or failure of plantation program undertaken so far.

q Details of peripheral development plan that would include development in infrastructure, health, education and socio-cultural aspects. Please furnish details of development plan already put into use

Please refer Chapter 8

r Details of EMP Cell with respect to monitoring laboratory, equipments, technical man power including their educational qualification and expertise in operating the installed facilities, and find allocation.

Refer para 7.2 at page 7-1, Fig 7.1 page 7-2.

S Details of monitoring program with respect to pollution parameters, monitoring schedule and reporting as per statutory requirements.

Refer para 7.3 at page 7-3

T Safety and disaster management plan with onsite emergency plan to ………..……………….

Refer Chapter 8.

u Computation of total impact score taking into consideration environmental degradation due to project implementation and consequent environmental management plan followed by post project benefits

Refer para 4.11 page 4-28 of REIA

V Delineation of Management Plan in relation to Air Pollution, Accoustic Environment, Water Pollution, Land Environment, and Biological Environment.

Discussed in detail in Chapter 4 and 5



CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Meghalaya Cement Ltd. (MCL), a company promoted by leading

industrialists and Businessmen, intend to increase the capacity of its existing plant at Thangskai in District Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya, India from 900 TPD clinker to 2,600 TPD clinker along with a 18 MW captive thermal power plant and captive limetone mines includind 33.45ha ML . The plant is based on nearby limestone deposits in the villages of Moing, Kheliegari and New Kheliejari and proposed in South Khlehjeri in Jaintia hills district of Meghalaya. The Techno - Economic Feasibility Report (TEFR) for the project has been prepared by Holtec Consulting Private Limited, Gurgaon.

1.2 PROPOSED PROJECT AND PRODUCTS

The proposed project is for setting up expansion facilities for cement

manufacturing to produce 2600 TPD (0.858 MTPA) of clinker after expansion from 900 TPD. Pulverized coal will be used as fuel. About 59.269 ha of land is already available with MCL for the colony and the plant. The plant is already operational, only production capacity is to be increased.

Salient features of the project are given in Table 1.1.

TABLE 1.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PROJECT

Company Name Meghalaya Cement Ltd. Location Villages Thangskai, Tehsil-Lumshnong, District

Jaintia Hills, meghalaya

Product Cement Total Installed Capacity of expanded clinker manufacturing unit

0.858 MTPA (2600 TPD)

Land required No additional land is required (Already available 59.269 ha)

Raw materials Limestone, mill scale and shale. Source of limestone Captive mines adjacent to the plant site Estimated project cost Rs. 15,105 lakhs for cement plant and 8036.69

lakh for TPP Residential colony The Company has constructed residential houses

in the plant premises and more are under construction. Existing houses for managerial, supervisory & skilled personnel are considered adequate. The details of the colony are given in Table 2.7 in Chapter 2. Unskilled and semi skilled manpower will come from surrounding villages.



1.3 JUSTIFICATION 1.3.1 Preamble The justification for the expansion is covered in the following paragraphs. 1.3.2 National scenario

1.3.2.1 Demand

The cement consumption (including mini cement plants) in the last 10 years

is given in the Table 1.2. Cement consumption has grown steadily and exhibits a cumulative average growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% over the last 10 years and 8.0% over the past 5 years.

TABLE 1.2

NATIONAL CEMENT CONSUMPTION IN THE LAST 10 YEARS (MT)

Year Total Domestic Cement Consumption

Growth year on year (%)

1997-98 80 8.4

1998-99 86 7.3

1999-00 98 14.3

2000-01 96 (1.9)

2001-02 105 9.1

2002-03 114 8.2

2003-04 120 5.4

2004-05 129 7.7

2005-06 142 9.6

2006-07 155 9.2

1.3.2.2 Capacities & exports

The total effective capacity of all cement plants (including mini-cement

plants) during 2006-07 was around 170.8 million tonne (MT). In FY 2007, cement and clinker exports were of the tune of 5.8 MT and 3.1

MT, respectively. In cement equivalent terms, exports amounted to 9.1 MT. However, with new capacities coming up in the Middle East, exports are likely to reduce to around 4.0 MT by FY 2012.

After subtracting 9.1 MT for exports from the total effective capacity, the capacity available for supply to the domestic market was 161.7 MT. With the domestic demand at 154.9 MT, the surplus capacity was 6.8 MT during FY 2007.

Currently there is no import of cement in India. We do not expect imports to

pose a significant threat to domestic players in the future, even in a WTO regime.



1.3.2.3 Future consumption

Growth in cement consumption in India over the last decade has exhibited a

strong correlation to the GDP. Based on various statistical analyses, including time series and correlation

with GDP, the CAGR for the ten-year period 2007-08 to 2016-17 is estimated to be around 10.2 %. The cement demand for the next 10 years is given in Table 1.3.

TABLE 1.3

NATIONAL CEMENT DEMAND FORECAST (MT)

Year National Demand

2006-07 155

2007-08 170

2008-09 187

2009-10 206

2010-11 227

2011-12 252

2012-13 277

2013-14 306

2014-15 337

2015-16 371

2016-17 409

1.3.3 Future domestic cement capacity Estimates of future capacity at the national level, after making adjustments

of retirement factor of 1.5% and capacity utilisation of 90% - 95%, are given below in Table 1.4.

TABLE 1.4

ESTIMATED FUTURE EFFECTIVE CEMENT CAPACITY (MT)

Year Effective supply capabilities at the national level

2006-07 172

2007-08 181

2008-09 210

2009-10 250

2010-11 302

2011-12 344

1.3.4 Demand supply gap Based on expected demand and supply figures worked out in previous

sections, the demand supply gap is shown in Table 1.5.



TABLE 1.5 FUTURE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP (MT)

Item Year 2006-07 07-08 08-09 09-10 10-11 11-12

Total Effective Capacity

172 181 210 250 302 344

Less Estimated Exports

9 6 5 4 4 5

Domestic Supply 163 175 205 246 298 339 Domestic Demand 155 170 187 206 228 252 Surplus/ (Deficit) 8 5 18 40 70 87

Thus, at the national level, based on current estimates of consumption

growth as well as future capacity additions, there is likely to be a surplus at the national level within the next few years. Though a surplus is likely at the national level in the next five years, we expect the actual surplus indicated in the Table above to be lower, because many of the projects could be delayed due to land acquisition problems, time taken for various clearances, delays by equipment suppliers, etc.

1.4 STATE SCENARIO 1.4.1 Assam Past consumption and supply

Cement consumption for the past 10 years in Assam is given in Table 1.6.

TABLE 1.6 PAST CEMENT CONSUMPTION IN ASSAM (MT)

Year Consumption from Major

Plants

Consumption from Local

Players*

Total Consumption

Growth Rate %

FY98 0.55 0.38 0.93 21

FY99 0.63 0.38 1.01 9

FY00 0.85 0.38 1.23 22

FY01 0.93 0.38 1.31 7

FY02 0.83 0.38 1.21 (8)

FY03 1.12 0.38 1.50 24

FY04 1.27 0.38 1.65 10

FY05 1.36 0.43 1.78 8

FY06 1.14 0.62 1.76 (2)

FY07 1.16 0.46 1.62 (8) * Players like Vinay etc.

Cement consumption has grown at a CAGR of 6.3% pa in past 10 years

(FY98-FY07). Past 2 years have seen a drop in cement consumption because of instability in the region. But situation is improving now as both



the Central and State governments are focusing on the improvement of the state.

1.4.2 Present capacities Presently Assam has a capacity of 0.60 MTPA. List of main plants is given

in Table 1.7.

TABLE 1.7 LIST OF PLANTS IN ASSAM

Plant Capacity in MTPA

CCI, Bokajan 0.20

Vinay Cement, Umarganshu 0.40

Total 0.60

The supply pattern of cement into Assam for FY07 based on CMA data, is

depicted in the chart below: 1.4.3 Future scenario Time series analysis shows a future growth rate of 4.4%. As the cement

demand in the state has not been growing at a uniform rate, State has grown at a CAGR 6.3% in last 10years. There has been a dip in cement demand in last 2 years but this does not show any trend and therefore results obtained using the statistical tools are not very accurate and based on the developments envisaged to take place in the state, we expect the cement demand to grow at a CAGR of 9% pa.

The growth in cement consumption can be attributed to the improved

security in the region. Both the Central and State governments are focusing on the improvement of the basic infrastructure in the state. Investment is being done to improve the road network, especially by NHAI, in the entire North East. Large projects are being undertaken by government agencies like NHPC, NEEPCO, NTPC etc., which are contributing to the overall growth in cement consumption.

Even the private sector investment, especially in the field of real estate

development is on a high due to encouragement from the state government, which is very much evident from the construction projects including residential, malls, hotels etc.

Estimates of future demand are given in Table 1.8.

TABLE 1.8 FUTURE CEMENT CONSUMPTION IN ASSAM (MT)

Year Demand in MT

FY08 1.76

FY09 1.92

FY10 2.09



Year Demand in MT

FY11 2.28

FY12 2.49

FY13 2.71

FY14 2.95

FY15 3.22

FY16 3.51

FY17 3.82

1.4.4 Future capacity Assam is expected have a capacity of 2.0 MTPA in FY12. Future capacity

additions are given in Table 1.9.

TABLE 1.9 FUTURE CAPACITY ADDITIONS IN ASSAM

Plant Location Year of Addition

Additional Capacity in MTPA

Local Players - FY11 0.40 Expected future supply capability for next 5 years is given in Table 1.10. It

has been assumed that in the year of commissioning, a plant supplies only 50% of it’s installed capacity and works on 100% capacity utilization from next year onwards:

TABLE 1.10

FUTURE SUPPLY CAPABILITY OF ASSAM

Year Capacity in MTPA

FY08 0.60

FY09 0.60

FY10 0.60

FY11 0.80

FY12 1.00

1.4.5 Demand supply gap The demand supply gap is given in Table 1.11.

TABLE 1.11 FUTURE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP IN ASSAM (MT)

Year Demand Supply Surplus/ (Deficit)

FY08 1.76 0.60 (1.16)

FY09 1.92 0.60 (1.32)

FY10 2.09 0.60 (1.49)

FY11 2.28 0.80 (1.48)

FY12 2.49 1.00 (1.49)



1.4.6 Other north east states Past consumption and supply

Cement consumption of states in Rest of North East is given in the Table

1.12.

TABLE 1.12 MARKET SIZE FOR REST OF NORTH EAST (Figures for FY07)

Markets Market Size in MT % Share

Meghalaya 0.26 20

Tripura 0.31 24

Mizoram 0.21 16

Manipur 0.16 12

Nagaland 0.16 12

Arunachal Pradesh 0.21 16

Total 1.30 100

Cement consumption for Rest of North East is given in Table 1.13.

TABLE 1.13 PAST CEMENT CONSUMPTION OF REST OF NORTH EAST (MT)

Year Consumption from Major

Plants

Consumption from Local

Players*

Total

Consumption

Growth Rate %

FY98 0.30 0.13 0.43 10

FY99 0.27 0.13 0.40 (7)

FY00 0.37 0.13 0.50 25

FY01 0.52 0.13 0.65 30

FY02 0.45 0.13 0.58 (11)

FY03 0.42 0.13 0.55 (4)

FY04 0.47 0.27 0.74 35

FY05 0.71 0.22 0.94 26

FY06 0.72 0.39 1.11 19

FY07 0.74 0.56 1.30 17

* Players like CMCL, MCL, etc Cement consumption has grown at a CAGR of 13.3% pa in past 10 years

(FY98-FY07). 1.4.7 Present capacities Presently Rest of North East has a capacity of 1.00 MTPA. List of main

plants is given in the Table 1.14.



TABLE 1.14 LIST OF PLANTS IN REST OF NORTH EAST

Plant Capacity in MTPA

Mawmuluh Cherra Cement Limited (MCCL) 0.20

Meghalaya Cement Limited (MCL) 0.40

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL) 0.40

Total 1.00

The supply pattern of cement into Rest of North East for FY07 based on

CMA data, is depicted in the chart below: 1.4.8 Future scenario

Time series analysis shows a future growth rate of 14.5% for Rest of North

East. The region has grown at a CAGR of 13.3% in last 10 years. We expect the cement demand to grow at a CAGR of 14% pa.

Rest of North East states has seen a Growth in cement consumption as a

result of number of Hydel Power projects undertaken by NHPC, NEEPCO etc. and National Highway construction & up gradation projects undertaken by NHAI. Apart from this there has been an increase in the cement consumption on account of individual housing construction.

Estimates of future demand are given in Table 1.15.

TABLE 1.15 FUTURE CEMENT CONSUMPTION IN REST OF NORTH EAST

Year Demand in MT

FY08 1.46

FY09 1.63

FY10 1.83

FY11 2.05

FY12 2.30

FY13 2.57

FY14 2.88

FY15 3.23

FY16 3.61

FY17 4.05

1.4.9 Future capacity Rest of North East is expected have a capacity of 5.36 MTPA in FY12.

Future capacity additions are given in Table 1.16.



TABLE 1.16 FUTURE CAPACITY ADDITIONS IN REST OF NORTH EAST

Plant Location Year of Addition

Additional Capacity in MTPA

Cement Manufacturing Company Limited (CMCL)

Lumshong FY08 0.60

Megha Tech Engg. Pvt. Ltd. (CMCL)

Lumshong FY08 0.40

Mawmuluh Cherra Cement Limited (MCCL)

Cherrapunji FY10 0.08

Meghalaya Cement Limited (MCL) Lumshong FY10 0.44

Hill Cement Limited Jaintia Hills FY09 0.26

Adhunik Cement Limited Lumshong FY10 0.50

FY11 0.50

JUD Cement Private Limited Lumshong FY09 0.26

Local Players - FY11 0.40

Expected future supply capability for next 5 years is given in Table 1.17.

TABLE 1.17 FUTURE SUPPLY CAPABILITY OF REST OF NORTH EAST

Year Capacity in MTPA

FY08 1.50

FY09 2.26

FY10 3.03

FY11 3.99

FY12 4.44

1.4.10 Demand supply gap

The demand supply gap is given in Table 1.18.

TABLE 1.18 FUTURE DEMAND SUPPLY GAP IN REST OF NORTH EAST (MT)

Year Demand Supply Surplus/ (Deficit)

FY08 1.46 1.50 0.04

FY09 1.63 2.26 0.63

FY10 1.83 3.03 1.2

FY11 2.05 3.99 1.94

FY12 2.30 4.44 2.14

1.5 MARKETS MCL has plans for selling the entire clinker to Topcem, which is setting up a

cement-grinding unit in Guwahati. MCL proposes to sell clinker at Rs 1900 per T.



Quantitative forecasts

The weighted average growth rate was considered as the future cement

consumption growth rate. For the purpose of quantitative forecasting of cement demand, independent

variables considered are:

1) Time 2) National State Domestic Product (NSDP)

The results of each are given below. 1.5.1 Market wise results Assam

The following table gives a summary of the results obtained by using the

above techniques.

Sl. No.

Technique Growth Rate (%)

Weightage

1 Regression NSDP 9.2 0.5 2 Time Series Analysis 8.9 0.5

Weighted Average Growth Rate 9.0%

The weighted average growth rate for Assam works out to be 9.0%.

Therefore, a growth rate of 9.0% is considered for estimation of future cement demand.

1.5.2 Other north-east states The following table gives a summary of the results obtained by using the

above techniques.

Sl. No. Technique Growth Rate (%) Weightage

1 Regression NSDP 12.3 0.5 2 Time Series Analysis 11.9 0.5

Weighted Average Growth Rate 12.1%

The weighted average growth rate for other North East states works out to

be 12.1%. Therefore, a growth rate of 12.1% is considered for estimation of future cement demand.

1.5.3 Justification for the site The plant site has been selected keeping the various factors in view viz. raw

material (high grade lime stone reserves near plant site, sufficient reserves of clay and laterite near plant site) and availability of other infrastructural facilities e.g. land, power, water, transport, communication, approach road



and access distances from the nearest highway, with due consideration of above factors the plant site has been located close to the mining area. The plant location is 1 km from National Highway NH-44.

1.6 LEGAL ASPECTS The relevant NOC’s and licenses will be obtained from the statutory

agencies under the following Acts, Rules and amendments and MCL will adhere to the guidelines specified in:

1. The Factories Act, 1948

2. The Explosive Act, 1884 and the Explosive Rules 1983

3. Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules 1989 amended in 2000.

4. The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 under the Environment (Protection) Act – 1986 and its amendments to date

MCL will comply with the prescribed limits laid down for air, effluent and

noise emissions for protection of the environment under the following Acts, Rules and amendments:

1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977

3. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

4. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 which is also called umbrella act or legislation

5. The Environment Impact Assessment, Notification, 2006 issued under Environment (Protection) Act 1986 and Environment (Protection) Rules 1986 and amendments thereafter to date.

Compliance to State Rules and Notifications will also be ensured. 1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT PLAN

1.7.1 Need for EIA/ EMP Cement plants appears at SI. No. 27 in Schedule – I, and requires

environmental clearance from the Central Government under “The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification, 2006”. As a result, obtaining environmental clearance before its establishment is a statutory requirement for which EIA has to be prepared. Prior Environmental clearance has been obtained and letter specifying the Terms Of Reference (TOR) has been issued by the State EAC vide their letter No SEAC/ Misc./29 dt 26-11-2008 for Cement Plant expansion, letter No. SEAC /1 dt 17th December, 2007 for Thermal Power Plant and letter No SEAC/ Misc./9 dt 15-01-2008 for amalgamation of both the TORs. All points of amalgamated TOR have been incorporated in the REIA which is now to be processed for Public Hearing.



1.7.2 Objective of EIA/ EMP The major objectives of the EIA/ EMP are listed below: -

- To establish the present environmental scenario.

- To anticipate the impacts of proposed cement project, power plant and mines during construction and operation phases, on the environment.

- To suggest preventive and mitigative measures to minimise adverse impacts and to maximise beneficial impacts.

- To prepare a detailed action plan for the implementation of mitigation measures.

1.7.3 Methodology for EIA/ EMP The project area is termed as "core zone". The area within 10 km radius

from the periphery of the plant boundary has been considered for identifying and assessing impact in respect of air, water, noise, land use, land based biota and socio-economic environment. This has been referred to as "buffer zone". The core zone and buffer zone together comprise the "study area".

The baseline data on parameters of the above-mentioned aspects over a

season provides means for identifying possible impact- positive and adverse. An Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan comprising an overall assessment of the impact due to project activity over base line condition of the existing environment and a mitigating action plan to counter the adverse impact is defined. An environmental monitoring programme is also chalked out to provide scientific support to future actions of environmental protection.

1.7.4 Scope of EIA The EIA study envisages characterization of the existing status of air, soil,

water, sociology, land use pattern, socio-economic and heritage of the study area of 10 km radius and quantifying impacts on the environmental parameters. Based on the study, the EIA evaluates the proposed control measures by the project and prepares an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), outlining additional proposed activities and delineates the requirements of Environmental Monitoring Programme.

1.8 LOCATION AND COMMUNICATION 1.8.1 Location

The location map of the area is shown in Fig 1.1. The study area of the

proposed project falls in Survey of India Toposheet No. 83C/SW (Restricted) and is bounded by the following coordinates:

Latitude : N 25° 12’ 05” – N 25° 13’ 12” Longitude : E 92° 22’ 42” – E 92° 23’ 25”



1.8.2 Communication Road Link : The plant site is at a distance of about 1 km from NH-44, the

site is connected to all the states of north-east region through a Network of National and State Highways. The distances of major towns from the proposed project site are as under:

Khlierhat : 23 km

Jowai : 56 km

Shillong : 125 km

Silchar : 115 km

Guwahati : 250 km Rail Link : The nearest railway station is at Badarpur which is at about 78

km from the plant site by the road. Air Link : The nearest airport is at Shillong which is at about 125 km from

the plant site. The airport at Guwahati is about 250 km from the site. Guwahati is connected to all the major cities.



CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DETAILS

2.1 INTRODUCTION M/s Meghalaya Cement Ltd. (MCL), intend to increase the capacity of its

existing plant at Thangskai in District Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya from existing 900 TPD clinker to 2,600 TPD clinker along with a 18 MW captive thermal power plant and proposed captive limestone mines (33.45ha). The plant is based on nearby limestone deposits in the villages of Moing, Kheliegari and New Kheliejari and proposed in South Khlehjeri.

The sizing of main machinery for the cement plant is based on the Indian

cement industry experience and kiln capacity. This chapter covers the broad technical concept of the plant viz. the plant

capacity, size and type of main machinery and storage, design of various systems and a suggested plant layout.

The technical concept shall be drawn in relation to various other pertinent

criteria which have been dealt in detail in other chapters of this report and are as under :

- Industry Scenario and Market Study - Raw Material Characteristics, Availability and Raw Mix - Infrastructure viz. Power, Fuel, Water, etc.

2.2 CEMENT PLANT 2.2.1 Plant capacity

- The additional clinker produced will be transferred to Topcem India Ltd., Gauwahati. Therefore, there is no problem for markets for the additional product.

- Based on the information available, the raw materials are expected to be adequate for around 30 years for the proposed expanded plant capacity of 2,600 TPD clinker.

- Infrastructurally also, no constraints are envisaged for expanding the plant.

Based on the above, the envisaged plant expansion from present capacity

of 900 TPD to 2,600 TPD clinker is considered to be in order. 2.2.2 Selection of main machinery Selection of main machinery is based on following considerations:



- High operational safety and reliability - Ease of operation and maintenance - Ease of logistics of supplies (inflow) and dispatches (Clinker) - Organisational aspects (higher automation, optimum manpower) - Environmental Protection

Based on the above, an optimum technical concept has been visualized. 2.2.3 Norms for sizing of main machinery and storages 2.2.3.1 Consumption norms

Consumption Norms, based on the raw mix design are given below in Table

2.1.

TABLE 2.1 CONSUMPTION NORMS

Sl. No.

Parameter Value

01 Clinkerisation Factor 1.545

02 Raw Mix (%)

• Limestone 99.44

• Clay/Shale 0.4

• Iron Ore 0.16

03 Fuel Consumption (Kcal/kg Clinker) 850

04 Calorific Value of Coal (Kcal/kg) 5,800

05 Fuel Consumption (%) 14.66

06 Gypsum addition in OPC / PPC (existing cement grinding)

2% / 1.5%

2.2.3.2 Operating hours for main machinery

Operating norms for main machinery are given in Table 2.2.

TABLE 2.2 OPERATING HOURS FOR MAIN MACHINERY

Sl. No.

Department Operating Hrs/day

Operating Days/year

Operating Hours/year

Design Safety Factor

1. Mines 15 312 4,680 -

2. Crusher 15 312 4,680 1.15

3. Raw Mill 21 330 6,930 1.15

4. Kiln 24 330 7,920 1.0

5. Coal Mill 21 312 6,552 1.15

2.2.3.3 Norms for storage capacities

Norms adopted for storage capacities are given below in Table 2.3.



TABLE 2.3 NORMS FOR STORAGE CAPACITIES

Sl. No.

Section Storage Capacity in Kiln Days

1 Limestone Storage 7

2 Clay/shale 30

3 Iron Ore 30

4 Raw Meal Storage (Active) 1

5 Clinker 13

6 Coal 9

2.2.4 Broad sizing of main machinery and storages 2.2.4.1 Plant capacity (after expansion)

Clinkerisation

• Daily : 2,600 TPD

• Annual : 2,600 x 330 TPD : 8,58,000 tpa Cement Grinding (Existing)

• Daily :1,200 TPD

• Annual :3,96,000 tpa 2.2.4.2 Limestone crushing

The required limestone crusher capacity will be 333 TPH The existing limestone crusher having capacity of 350 TPH will be sufficient

for meeting the requirements based on 3 shift operations. The crushed limestone shall be transported either to the existing limestone

bunker or to new Limestone preblending stockpile through a set of belt conveyors.

2.2.4.3 Limestone and correctives storage

The required storage capacity of limestone preblending stockpile

considering 7 days of kiln requirement works out to be 27,962 t. Thus a rectangular in-line type of covered limestone preblending stockpile,

of capacity 2 x 30,000 t has been considered for storage of crushed limestone. The limestone preblending will be covered considering the climatic conditions.

The broad technical details of the system envisaged are as under :



- Stacking Capacity : 450 TPH - Type of Stacker : Luffing boom conveyor type traveling on a trolley on

rails - Reclaim Capacity : 300 TPH - Type of Reclaimer : Scraper Chain type

The reclaimed material shall be transported to existing Limestone bunker

through a set of belt conveyors. The existing limestone bunker of capacity 4,500 Ts will be used for storage

of limestone for both the raw mills. Correctives

The corrective materials, clay and iron ore, are received in trucks, unloaded

and stored in storage yards of about 5,000 t and 500 t, respectively.

Required clay/shale storage yard is 482 T. The existing clay yard is sufficient even after expansion.

Required Iron ore storage yard is 193 T. The existing iron ore yard is

sufficient even after expansion.

Hence existing storage yard for clay and iron ore will be used for stock after expansion. There is no need of extra storage yard for these requirements.

The various correctives, from the respective stockpiles, shall be reclaimed

with the help of front-end loaders and fed to the dump hopper of the crusher. Materials after crushing shall be transported to raw mill hoppers through set of belt conveyors.

2.2.4.4 Raw material drying and grinding

The required raw material drying and grinding capacity, considering

clinkerisation factor of 1.545, 330 days/a of kiln operation, 6,930 hrs/a of mill operation and design safety factor of 1.15, works out to be 6,930 or 220 TPH

Existing Raw mill = 100 TPH

(Raw mill optimized by reducing feed size, changing mill liners and reducing

moisture content of feed material) Required Raw mill = 120 TPH

Thus a closed circuit ball mill of 120 TPH has been considered to meet the

raw material drying and grinding requirements.

The capacities of raw mill hoppers has been considered as under :



- Limestone : 4,500 t (Existing) Existing hoppers has 2 outlets.

Presently one outlet is used for existing raw mill. Second outlet will be used for new raw mill.

- Clay : 100 t - Iron Ore : 100 t

The hoppers shall be suitably deducted with reverse air jet type bag dust

collectors. Apron type weigh feeders shall be provided under existing bunker to feed belt weigh feeder and belt weigh feeder under clay and Iron ore hoppers which shall further transport to the mill by belt conveyors. For collecting the ground raw meal from the ball mill and dedusting of vent air, a suitably sized Reverse Air Bag House (RABH) has been considered. The dust emission level shall be less than 50 mg/Nm3, which will meet the Pollution Control Board requirements. Bag House dust shall be transported to the blending silo through a set of chain conveyors, air slides and bucket elevator.

2.2.4.5 Blending & storage and kiln feed

The plant has 1 no. continuous blending-cum-storage silo of 7,500 t

capacity. The capacity has been considered based on 1 day of active storage in the silo for the expanded plant. The plant will have 2 raw mills after expansion.

Kiln feed will be transported by a set of air slides and bucket elevator for

feeding the preheater. Existing Air slide capacity shall be increased to meet the requirement after expansion. This Proposed air slide shall feed to new bucket elevator having capacity to feed both existing and proposed Preheater. Existing bucket elevator shall work as stand- by to feed Existing Preheater.

2.2.4.6 Preheater, precalciner, kiln, cooler and clinker transport

The plant has 4 stage preheater with precalciner and kiln of 3.6 m dia. x 54

m long. The Kiln is capable of producing 2,600 TPD clinker. Additional 5/4 stage preheater with precalciner is proposed. Clinker cooler area will be increased from 36 m2

present to 59 m2. There is provision in the layout for increasing the cooler area. Cooler ESP is to be modified for handling increased quantity of vent gases.

Sl. No.

Description After Expansion 2,600 TPD

1. Specific Volumetric load (TPD/ m3) 5.98

2. Specific Thermal load of sintering zone (G cal/hr / m2) 4.58 Based on above loads, Kiln is capable of producing 2,600 TPD clinker.



2.2.4.7 Clinker storage and transport

The Additional clinker produced by expansion (2,600-900= 1,700 TPD) shall

be partially transferred to Topcem India, Ltd., Gauwahati and partially to existing grinding unit. MCL has stockpile of capacity 10,000 T and one new clinker silo of capacity of 25,000 T is proposed to store the clinker stock of 13 days.

2.2.4.8 Coal Mill

The required capacity of coal mill works out to 22.4 TPH

Existing Coal mill : 10 TPH Required Capacity: 13 TPH

Thus a ball mill of 13 TPH capacity has been considered for drying and

grinding of coal. The ground coal from the ball mill shall be collected in a bag filter. Raw coal hopper of 25 T has been envisaged. The ground coal shall be stored in fine coal bins. Metering of fine coal being fired in kiln and precalciner will be arranged. Existing Raw coal storage of capacity 3,500 t, is capable to store 9 days stock after expansion and no extra storage required for expansion.

2.2.4.9 Cement grinding

No additional grinding capacity is proposed at existing location of MCL

plant. 2.2.4.10 Cement transport, storage and extraction

The clinker produced by expansion shall be partially transferred to Topcem

India, Ltd., Gauwahati and partially to existing grinding unit. Clinker shall be extracted by two Deep Pan Conveyors. Both of DPC shall discharge to a common DPC. This DPC shall feed either to Clinker bin of capacity 100 T for truck loading arrangement or to a belt conveyor feeding clinker to existing cement mill hoppers.

2.2.4.11 Cement packing and dispatch

No additional clinker grinding is envisaged with expansion, so no additional

packing and dispatch capacity is proposed. 2.2.4.12 Gypsum handling and storage

No additional clinker grinding is envisaged with expansion, so no additional

Gypsum Handling and Storage department required. 2.2.4.13 Coal unloading, storage and transport

The coal, available locally, is received in trucks and unloaded in the covered

storage. Coal is reclaimed with front end loader and fed to coal dump



hopper of the crusher from where it shall be transported to coal mill hopper through a set of belt conveyors. Existing coal crusher capacity of 50 TPH is adequate to meet the requirement of expansion. The ash generated by the CPP to the tune of about 1000 TPA will be completely utilised for manufacturing cement within the premises.

2.2.5 Utilities and services

2.2.5.1 Power distribution system

Electrical Control & Instrumentation

(A) Power Requirement and Source The power demand of the plant, after the proposed expansion to 2,600

TPD, is estimated at about 15 MVA.

Existing plant is fed from MESEB at 132 KV. It is proposed to increase the max contractual power demand from 10 MVA to 15 MVA.

Power cuts are affected during peak hours, therefore captive power plant of

18 MVA is proposed to meet total plant requirement. (i) 132 kV Main Receiving Station

Existing 132 KV Main Receiving sub-station shall be used. Power from the

MESEB at 132 kV is terminated on a gantry in the 132 kV outdoor receiving station of MCL. The outdoor receiving station has one incoming and two outgoing 132 kV bays including isolators with earth switches, CTs, PTs, Lightning arrestors and 132 kV breakers. Power is stepped down to 6.6 kV.

(ii) Construction Power

It is envisaged that power requirement for construction at site shall be made

available from a feeder from LT PCC at existing Load Centre. (iii) Captive Power Existing 6 Nos 1.5 MVA DG sets have been considered to supply power to

the plant in case of power outage from the Grid. (iv) High Voltage Distribution High Voltage Distribution shall be done in accordance with the distribution of

existing plant. The power received from MESEB at 132 kV is stepped down to 6.6 kV. The

secondary of the Power transformer is feeding the main 6.6 kV switchboard of double bus design, located in the Main sub-station adjacent to the switchyard.



(v) Medium Voltage Power Distribution and Load Centres The power supply to various process departments will be distributed via

Load Centre, located close to the process section. Power at 6.6 kV shall be stepped down to 415V at the load and connected to LT switchboards to cater to the LT loads of the plant. A single bus system is proposed at 6.6 kV switchboard located at the Load Center, which will be feeding large motors and the distribution transformers. The MV circuit breaker shall be of SF6 /

VCB technology for 6.6 KV switch board. 6.6/ 0.433 KV Step Down Transformer shall have natural cooling with "OFF" load tap changer. The capacity of transformer envisaged is 2 MVA. 415 V LT distribution board is considered to feed Motor Control Centers. The LT board shall receive power from 6.6 / 0.433 kV transformers. Functional MCCs i.e. MCC controlling a group of interconnected and simultaneously operated drives during the process are envisaged.

(B) Power Factor Improvement

The capacitor banks shall be sized to maintain the overall plant power factor

of 0.95 lag, and above. Earthing and illumination systems have been appropriately designed.

(C) Fire Detection System for Electrical Buildings For detection of fires in electrical buildings, ionisation type dual chamber/

dual source smoke detectors will be used where incipient fires are likely, e.g. in cable cellars, switchgear rooms, control rooms etc. Fixed temperature cum rate of rise type heat detectors shall be installed in transformer rooms, battery rooms etc.

Multizone type fire alarm panels will be installed in electrical buildings. On

detection of fire/ fault in any zone, audio-visual alarm will be sounded in the control panel and also by electronic hooters fixed at various locations in the electrical buildings. The alarm shall also be sounded at a central location.

(D) Pressurisation and Ventilation (P&V) and Air Conditioning System P & V systems are considered for the electrical load centre whereas the

central control room shall be provided with air-conditioning. This will provide for a dust free atmosphere and lower ambient temperature to give a trouble free operation of the electrical equipment.

2.2.5.2 Control and instrumentation system

Control System

An elaborate process Instrumentation comprising of field sensors,

transducers etc. shall be set up for monitoring of processes.



Intercommunication Equipment

Existing Public Address System with paging and party facility shall be expanded for CCR operator to contact the field operator and vice versa in order to facilitate plant operations.

Telephone Exchange for inter-department communication and for administrative purpose shall be expanded. The Telephone Exchange shall also supplement the Public Address System. Walkie-talkie sets, operated at allotted frequencies have been considered for all important plant executives in order to locate them expeditiously.

Process Instrumentation

Necessary field sensors shall be installed to monitor process variables like pressure, temperature, flow, level, speed, etc. The sensors shall be linked to Plant Control System through field transmitters/ transducers to display the parameters on Operator Station and exercise the desired controls.

Un-interrupted power supply (ups)

UPS shall be used to provide 2 hours stable power to automation

equipment, microprocessor based sub-control systems, field instruments etc.

2.2.6 Plant location and infrastructure 2.2.6.1 Water supply

The water distribution scheme shall take care of process water, cooling

water, potable water and other services comprising of fire fighting, horticulture, sanitation etc. Existing water supply system will be augmented to take care of proposed expansion.

The existing water requirement is 792.9 cum/day (680.6 industrial cum/day

+ 105.6 cum/day domestic +6.7 cum/day miscellaneous). The total water requirement for the proposed expansion (cement plant) is estimated at 500 M3/day and 2784 M3/day for the proposed CPP. Ultimate water requirement including all expansion activities will be 39329 M3/day. The additional water requirements will be met from the existing source Chynryntong - Umparti river located at an areal distance of about 4.1 km from the plant.

2.2.6.2 Compressed air supply

It is proposed to install additional compressors/ root blowers in the plant to

meet additional air requirement.

2.2.6.3 Machinery stores, workshop, laboratory and engineering office, time

office and security office, weigh bridge, empty bags go down

• Existing facilities are adequate



The flow sheets for various process sections are given below in Table 2.4.

TABLE 2.4 DETAILS OF PLANT LAYOUT AND FLOW SHEETS

Sl. No.

Figure No

Description

1. 2.1 Proposed Plant Layout

2. 2.2 Raw Material Preparation

3. 2.3 Raw Material Grinding and Transportation

4. 2.4 C.F. Silo and Kiln feed

5. 2.5 Preheater, Kiln and Cooler

6. 2.6 Coal Handling, Grinding and Feeding

7. 2.7 Clinker Storage and Transport

2.2.7 Civil engineering considerations 2.2.7.1 Seismicity

The proposed plant-site area falls in Seismic Zone V as per IS 1893:2002

(Part-1), which is a highly sensitive seismic zone. This aspect will be duly considered during detailed engineering stage.

2.2.7.2 Sub-surface conditions

As such isolated foundations shall be adopted for the civil structures in line

with the findings of the detailed soil investigation report. 2.2.7.3 Ground water

The ground water table is expected to be encountered at about 5-6 m below

ground level. Special precautions regarding waterproofing would need to be considered during the design engineering.

2.2.7.4 Availability of construction materials

Cement is available from existing operating plant. Other construction

materials like cement, Te boulders, coarse aggregate and sand are available in the vicinity of the proposed project site. However, other construction materials like reinforcement steel, structural steel, CGI sheets, AC sheets, etc., which shall be required in larger quantities, shall be procured from Khlierhat/ Badarpur or Shillong.

2.2.7.5 Applicable standards

Indian Standards shall be used for all design and detailing work unless

otherwise specified. Form V is enclosed for reference.



FIG 2.1



FIG 2.2



FIG 2.3



FIG 2.4



FIG 2.5



FIG 2.6



FIG 2.7



2.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2.3.1 Objective The proposed project site is located in a thinly populated area. The

application of the state-of-art technology with respect to pollution control would ensure minimal adverse affect. Adequate and efficient measures will be applied in particular to keep the dust emissions at a bare minimum so as to keep the ecology of the area undisturbed.

2.3.2 Protection from dust pollution Efficient collection of dust, dedusting using efficient pollution control

equipment and recycling the dust to the process is the prime objective. Primary dust sources of the manufacturing process are in following unit

operations :

• Raw Material Crushing

• Raw Material Grinding

• Clinkerisation

• Coal Grinding As per the technical concept envisaged for the proposed project, raw

material grinding and clinkerisation are to be considered as a common process unit since kiln gases are used for drying of raw materials in the raw mill. For dedusting of Kiln/Raw Mill gases, RABH has been envisaged which shall keep the dust content in exhaust gases below 50 mg/Nm3. Actual dust content in clean exhaust gases are expected to be below 30 mg/ Nm3.

For dedusting of gases from the clinker cooler, existing ESP modification

has been considered which shall keep dust content in exhaust gases below 50 mg/Nm3.

For drying of coal in the drying-cum-grinding operation of coal, kiln exhaust

gases shall be used. Bag filter has been envisaged for dedusting of coal mill vent gases which shall maintain a clean dust content of less than 50 mg/Nm3.

The main exhaust stack of the kiln will be kept sufficiently high to enable the

dispersion of the dust particles over a larger area. All other dust sources are considered as secondary sources as these are

not process implied. These dust sources may occur wherever relatively dry or dusty material is handled, conveyed, pumped or extracted. These dust sources would not affect the distant region around the proposed project site. However, it is in the interest of the plant management to keep the plant clean from dust, other than being a loss is a nuisance for staff and harmful to various mechanical and electrical equipment. As such, for all these places, suitable reverse air jet type bag filters shall be considered.



2.3.3 Landscape / reforestation Mines

Due care shall be taken during the mining operations to preserve the

landscaping. The mining concept foresees the refilling of the mine pit by overburden as soon as part of it is fully exploited. This will, on one hand, reduce the requirement of a dump yard for overburden and on the other hand enable conservative afforestation of the mine. Similarly, afforestation of the overburden dump yard will be done. The pit left, without reclamation, would be used for collection and storage of rain water which shall have a positive effect on the overall hydrography of the area.

Plant and Colony

Due care shall be taken to keep the natural settings/ greenery in and around

the plant and colony. The plant and colony layout shall be developed keeping in view the above and also for rain water harvesting.

The colony shall be suitably located, keeping in view prevalent wind

directions so that any possible dust nuisance can be avoided to the maximum possible extent. For the purpose of landscaping, it is intended to plant trees and bushes wherever it is possible and practical.

In addition, trees/ saplings would be planted all along the plant roads and

boundary. 2.3.4 Rain water harvesting As discussed above, the plant layout would be evolved in such a manner so

that rain water collected in the plant area is collected and stored which can be used for plant operations and shall also have a positive effect on the overall hydrography of the area.

2.3.5 Sewage treatment The technical concept of the plant includes the provision of a sewerage

system for the collection and disposal of sewage from the plant and colony. The sewage will be mechanically and biologically treated in a common sewage treatment plant.

While the purified water shall be re-used for the cement manufacturing

process, the sewage sludge which is an excellent fertlizer shall be set out in the areas where reforestation is anticipated. There are no other process effluents in a cement plant.

2.4 MANPOWER The manpower existing at plant site at present is as given in Table 2.5.



TABLE 2.5 MANPOWER EXISTING AS 0N 31-03-2008

SL. NO.

DEPARTMENT MANAGERIAL STAFF WORKMEN TRAINEES TOTAL

1 GEN.ADMN 2 0 0 0 2

2 FINANCE 1 0 0 1 2

3 ELECTRICAL 1 1 2 2 6

4 MECHANICAL 5 1 9 2 17

5 CPP 1 0 0 1 2

6 VEGILIANCE 0 0 0 0 0

7 MINING 6 6 16 4 32

8 EDP 0 0 0 0 0

9 CIVIL 1 5 0 2 8

10 HR&A 3 9 2 3 17

11 STORES 2 5 0 1 8

12 PRODUCTION 3 0 5 1 9

13 QC 4 7 1 6 18

14 INSTRUMENTATION 2 0 0 2 4

15 PKG & DIST 1 3 0 0 4

16 COMMERCIAL 1 1 0 0 2

17 GEO&PLANNING 1 4 0 0 5

18 GENERAL 0 2 0 0 2

Total 34 44 35 25 138

The indicative additional manpower requirement for the plant, in the

operational phase, Manpower Requirement is as shown in Table 2.6.

TABLE 2.6 MANPOWER REQUIREMENT FOR EXPANSION TO 2600 TPD

REQUIREMENT FOR 2800 TPD

SL.NO. DEPARTMENT MANAGERIAL STAFF WORKMEN TRAINEES TOTAL

1 GEN.ADMN NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

2 FINANCE 1 1 NIL NIL 2

3 ELECTRICAL 2 NIL 3 3 8

4 MECHANICAL NIL 2 3 3 8

5 CPP 4 2 6 6 18

6 VEGILIANCE NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

7 MINING 2 4 8 3 17

8 EDP 1 1 NIL NIL 2



REQUIREMENT FOR 2800 TPD

SL.NO. DEPARTMENT MANAGERIAL STAFF WORKMEN TRAINEES TOTAL

9 CIVIL 3 3 NIL 3 9

10 HR&A NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

11 STORES 1 2 NIL NIL 3

12 PRODUCTION 4 NIL NIL 2 6

13 QC 2 2 NIL NIL 4

14 INSTRUMENTATION 2 NIL 4 2 8

15 PKG&DIST 1 2 NIL 2 5

16 COMMERCIAL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

17 GEO&PLANNING NIL 1 1 2 4

18 GENERAL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

Total 23 20 25 26 94

So the total manpower requirement will be 138+94=232 The various assumptions made in arriving at the expected manpower

requirements are as under:

- Directors being common for various units have not been included in the above manpower requirements.

- Management staff has not been included in the above manpower

requirements because proposed expansion is the existing plant location. Manpower of running plant will be sufficient to manage the expanded plant also.

- Mining including transportation upto respective crusher heads has

been considered to be carried out on a contract basis. - During the construction phase, MCL to use the manpower and

services of a Consultant. - The following activities have been considered to be carried out by

contract personnel. Security, Bag Loading on trucks, Unloading of various input raw materials,

Unloading of other materials received at stores, Lifting and shifting of materials, Sweeping and Cleaning, Maintenance of colony, Horticulture and Canteen.

2.5 COLONY DETAILS Colony details are given in Table 2.7.



TABLE 2.7 COLONY DETAILS

SL. NO.

TYPE OF FLAT TOTAL ROOMS

OCCUPIED VACANT REMARKS

1. 2 BED ROOM 24 23 1

2. 1 BED ROOM 24 23 1

3. 3 BED ROOM 12 10 2

4.

GUEST HOUSE 4 4 0 FOR GUEST

5.

GUEST HOUSE

(SINGLE BED ROOM)

24 24 0

6.

GUEST HOUSE

(FAMILY ROOM)

11 11 0

It is proposed to provide 89% housing satisfaction to the employees. Topcem Colony

3 Blocks (120 Rooms) are under construction meant for Staff and Workmen

will be completed by end of May’08. Staff Colony

A Block with 24 Flats is under construction for junior level Managerial

Employees. This will be completed by June’08. Labour Colony

This colony is for Contractor’s workmen having the capacity of 300 rooms Guest House

18 rooms (2 Blocks 9 rooms in each Block) for our Managerial Employees

(Bachelor) and Guests are under construction. Community Hall

This Hall is used for our cultural programmes having the capacity of 600

persons. Recreation Club

This club is for our employee’s entertainment with the facility of Table

Tennis, Carom, Chess and Badminton. A reading room with Magazines and Newspapers is also provided for the benefit of employees.



2.6 CAPTIVE LIMESTONE MINES 2.6.1 Local geology and structure at project site The rock formation of the area belongs to Lakadong formation of the Sylhet

stage. In general, the area is covered by dense vegetation and the outcrop can only be seen in the valley portion and in excavated mine faces only. The limestone shows horizontal disposition and is thickly bedded, hard and compact. The limestone is overlain by Umlatdoh sandstone which contains a few impersistent coal seams ranging in thickness from 0.50 to 6.0 m. The sandstone, in turn, is overlain by Umlatdoh limestone. Structurally and topographically the deposit is quite complex. A few strike faults are discernable in the area which has resulted in dislocation and break in continuity of the limestone deposit.

The major planes of failure and the numerous associated fractures have

provided easy access to the agents of weathering, especially water, which has percolated down along these planes dissolving the limestone which has resulted in the development of sink holes, solution cavities and channels. The geology of the mining area as established by the MCL, based on the boreholes drilled in the area, consists of top soil (about 0-1.0 m), Sandstone (about 0-5.0 m ) and Limestone ( about 40-50 m).

2.6.2 Limestone Reserves available

Directorate of Mineral Resources (DMR) Meghalaya has mentioned in their

report that the Inferred reserve of upper Sylhet Limestone as reported by G.S.I, is 652 million tones. DMR, Meghalaya indicated a reserve of 291.21 million tones of lower and middle Sylhet Limestone covering an area of 2.50 sq. km. DMR, Meghalaya further Proved a rserve of 22 million tones of cement grade limestone in 0.2 sq. km area out of above mentioned 2.50 sq. km area.

Limestone reserve available with the company at the time of initiation of the

project was 24. 20 million tones of cement grade limestone. 2.6.3 Proposed captive limestone mine (33.45 Ha)

The proposed mine lease area of 33.45 ha is an integral part of this proposal for environmental clearance which is located at an aerial distance of 3 km in ENE in village Thanskai. Distt Jaintia Hill, Meghalaya.

The general stratigraphy comprises about 1m uppermost layer of topsoil

followed by a sandstone layer of about 6m thickness. Below this lies limestone of about 28m average thickness. Thus the OB:Mineral ratio is 1:4 (T:T)

Production for every 5 years period for entire

1) For first five years -- Area utilized as Mining Pits 10.00 Ha



Planned production - 2800 TPD For one year (330 days) - 924000 T For 1st 5yrs - 4620000 T

2) For second five years (6th to 10th year) - Area utilized as Mining Pits,

10.00 Ha. Planned production as stated above is 2800 metric tones, per day.

3) For third five years (11th to 15th year) - Area utilized as Mining Pits,

9.20 Ha.

Planned production - 2500 TPD For one year (330 days) - 825000 T For 3rd 5 yrs - 4125000 T

The opencast method of mining will be used. The equipment envisaged is

shovel with 2-2.5 cum bucket capacity with 10T tipper trucks. For every tonne of limestone produce, 0.20 T of waste will be produced out

of which 2.87 T will be top soil. The average density of waste as well as limestone can be adopted as 2.5T/cum.

2.6.4 Other captive limestone mines

There are other three small limestone mines adjoining to the plant each with

less than 5 ha ML area. The general stratigraphy comprises about 1m uppermost layer of topsoil followed by a sandstone layer of about 6m thickness. Below this lies limestone of about 28m average thickness.

For every tonne of limestone produce, 0.20 T of waste will be produced out

of which 2.87 T will be top soil. The average density of waste as well as limestone can be adopted as 2.5T/cum.

The details of all the leases existing and applied is given in Table 2.8.

TABLE 2.8 DETAIL AND STATUS OF MINING LEASES

Sl. No.

Name of Mining

Lease

Reserve

(Mineable)

Status as on Date Remarks

1. Khliehjari Limestone Mines (4.90hect)

1.33 million tonnes.

ML executed on 21/06/06. Mining operation start from Sept- 2006. (Mining Plan approved). Obtained Consent to Operate from Meghalaya State Pollution Control Board (MSPCB).

At present limestone produced from this mine is being consumed by cement plant.



Sl. No.

Name of Mining

Lease

Reserve

(Mineable)

Status as on Date Remarks

2. Moiong Blok-1 Limestone Mines (4.80hect)

2.28 million tonnes

ML executed on 8/03/07.

Mining operation will start from 12/06/07. (Mining Plan approved). Obtained Consent to Operate from MSPCB.

Limestone produced from this mine will also be utilized for present capacity of plant.

3. East Khliehjari Limestones Mines (4.88hect)


ML applied and is at the final stage of grant. (Mining Plan prepared yet to approved). Applied to MSPCB for their consent to operate.

Limestone produced from this mine will be consumed by plant after its expansion in capacity from 900tpd to 2600 tpd.

4. South Khliehjari Limestones Mines (33.45 hect)


ML applied on 30/03/07 at office of the DC, Jaintia Hills, Jowai. (Mining Plan is under preparation).

Limestone produced from this mine will be consumed by plant after its expansion in capacity from 900tpd to 2600 tpd.

2.7 CAPTIVE POWER PLANT Meghalaya Cements Limited (MCL) proposes to set up an 18 MW Captive

Power Plant for it Cement plant consumption. It shall be of commensurate capacity that keeps the cement plant operational and the future requirement of power without dependence on the import of power from the state board Grid at Thangskai Village of Jaintia Hills district in Meghalaya.

The MCL have decided to go for High efficiency Circulating fluidized boiler

of 70 tph capacity operating at 88 bar (g) and 540 +/-5 0C. The power generation turbine will be uncontrolled extraction cum condensing type. Uncontrolled extraction shall be taken out at various pressures to improve the heat rate of the cycle.

The Meghalaya coal having the calorific value of would be used as the fuel

for the boiler. The condenser is cooled by the water cooled condenser. The ash generated by the plant would be used in the Meghalaya Cement Plant. The power generated would be consumed in the cement plant.

The total project cost including interest during construction (IDC) of the

proposed plant estimated as Rs 8036.69 lakhs. The MCL company is planning to invest 30 % of the total project cost i.e. Rs 2411.01 lakhs the balance amount of Rs 5675.68 lakhs will be term loan from the banks. The bank will be providing the loan at about interest rate of 10 %.



2.7.1 Land requirement The land required for the Captive Power Plant is about 20 acres. The layout

will consist of:

1. Fuel Storage Area 2. Boiler Layout 3. TG Building Layout. 4. Electrical and Control Rooms 5. Ash Handling System

2.7.2 Fuel system The MCL is going to get the coal from the western part of Meghalaya Hills

The MCL has obtain the required quatum of coal for the power plant from the western part of the Meghalaya. Coal deposits are available in all districts of Meghalaya and particularly in the southern slopes of the state. The coal bears low ash content and its calorific value ranges between 5200 to 6700 KCal/Kg i. e. average 6000 Kcal / Kg. Annual Fuel consumption is estimated to be 63072MT with landed cost of Rs. 1800 / MT.

2.7.3 Ash management The ash generated in the CFBC boiler will be conveyed in dry form using

dense phase pneumatic conveying system and same will be used in the Cement plant. Considering maximum ash content of 20 % in Meghalaya Coal, Annual Ash Generation is about 12615 MT with following break up:

• Bottom Ash : 2523 MT annual

• Fly Ash : 10092 MT annual Bed ash quantity being very small can be utilized for mine filling, whereas fly

ash will be fully consumed by the Cement plant. Ash Handling System : Ash is collected from various locations of the boiler

plant. Ash collection and discharge out of equipment's at 3 to 4 locations. Suitable hoppers are provided with various equipments like APH, Boiler bank etc., which are mounted at bottom. RALV continuously discharge the collected ash.

Ash Handling : The ash handling systems are designed for the maximum

quantity of ash generation. The fluidised bed system is of proven design capable of continuous and reliable operation suitable for firing the specified fuel. The nozzle design permits the fluidising at lower loads with provision to shut the individual compartments.

The fly ash from Electrostatic Precipitator Hoppers will be dry and powdery

in nature and occasionally with hot solids. The temperature of ash will be around 200°C maximum.



Ash hoppers at the bottom of Air Pre-Heater with Rotary Air Lock valves for continuously discharge of ash.

The 600 mm wide 4 ply Nylon conveyor to convey ash from boiler ash

discharge points to a single point at discharge elevation of 3 mtrs. Outside boiler house. The driving arrangement consists of gearbox and motor.

2.7.4 Plant/equipment details Boiler

This power plant will be using the combustion technology. This project will be using the fuel as 100% Coal. The MCL have decided to go for Circulating fluidized boiler of 70 tph capacity operating at 88 bar (g) and 540 +/-5 0C. The basic steps involve, fuel handling, boiler, turbo generator and evacuation system.

As the proposed power plant will be operating with the boiler outlet steam

parameters of 88 bar (g) and 540 ± 5 0C, a feed water management program will be implemented whereby the complete feed water requirements of the boiler will be met essentially by the condensate. The steam Condensate will be available at nearly 600C and will be directly used in the feed water circuit. The make up for the plant operation will be demineralized water and a Demineralized water treatment plant of adequate capacity will be provided.

Fuel feeding and firing system

Each unit is having the separate fuel feeding system. Fuel from the yard will

be reclaimed through dozers/front end loaders and will be fed on to the ground mesh of 200 by 200 size. The coal which stay above the mesh are broken manually and fed into the conveyer. The fuel is suitably sized in the crusher. The sized fuel is transported by the cam operated oscillating screen. The screen is used to filter the fuel for the size of 6 mm. The belt conveyor is used for conveying fuel from screen discharge point to fuel bunker. The driving arrangement consists of gearbox and motors for screen and conveyor. The layout of the fuel feeding systems will be such that each system is accessible and maintainable. All feeders and distributors will have independent drive arrangement for the each system.

Boiler shall have separate bunkers for Coal & Lime stone. Lime stone

charging shall be resorted to as absorbent to reduce the effect of SO2 in the exhaust gas. 85 % Sulphur will be reduced by Lime stone charging, whereas effect of balance sulphur will be catered by choice of suitable Chimney height as per CPCB formula.Bunker capacity of both Coal & Lime stone shall be of minimum 12 hours each.

The other fuel feeding and firing system are secondary air system, fire

doors, draft system, forced draft fan, induced draft fan, primary air fan, high pressure feed water heater, low pressure heater, ducting system, and



chemical dosing system provided with a tri-sodium phosphate based High pressure (HP) dosing system and a hydrazine and ammonia based Low Pressure (LP) dosing system. The HP dosing system will continuously add the chemicals to the boiler water and to maintain the phosphate reserve and to increase the boiler water pH.

Turbo - generator system

The power generation turbine will be uncontrolled extraction cum

condensing type. Uncontrolled extraction shall be taken out at various pressures to improve the heat rate of the cycle

The power generation in the turbo generator will be at 6.6 kV level. The

entire power requirements of the plant and the power requirements of the auxiliaries of the power plant will be met by the power generated in the turbo generator.

The complete plant instrumentation and control system shall be based on

Distributed Control System (DCS) philosophy, covering the total functioning requirements of measuring, monitoring, alarming and controlling, logging, sequence interlocks and equipment protection etc.

The turbine will be preferably single cylinder, single exhaust, uncontrolled

condensing type. All casing will be horizontally split and the design will be such as to permit examination of the blading without disturbing shaft alignment or causing damage to the blades. The components of the turbo-generator system are bearings, lubrication and control oil system, oil coolers, filters, oil reservoir, oil purifier, steam turbine governing system which shall have the function of Speed control, Over speed control, Load control and speeder gear and Steam pressure control.

Turbo generator’s Auxiliaries consist of water cooled condendor, Condenser

Air Removal Equipment, Condensate System, Condensate Extraction Pumps, Condensate Water System and Deaerator

2.7.5 Auxiliary plant and equipment Electro Static Precipitator

The boiler will be equipped with a four field Electro Static Precipitator, which

will remove the dust and ash particles from the flue gas, before the ID fan could handle it. The efficiency of the precipitator will be 98% and the dust concentration at the outlet of the ESP will be 50 mg/Nm3.

Chimney

The Chimney is constructed as self supporting in RCC with height of 75

metre minimum to meet the CPCB norms for reducing the effect of SO2 considering following formula::



Minimum Chimney height = 14 (SO2)0.3 Reserve Storage (CPP)

Reserve storage of 350 m3 will be provided in the raw water storage tank

with a suitable partition to cater to the water requirements of the fire protection system. In view of the above, pump house elevation will also be suitably lowered at the location of the fire water pumps as compared to the floor elevation at the location of the raw water pumps.

Raw Water

It is proposed to pump the raw water from the near by Chynryntong -

Umparti river located at an areal distance of about 4.1 km from the plant. The raw water is pumped from the stream wells through pumping station.

The elevation from the stream to the plant is about 350 M. The total water requirement proposed power plant is 116m3/hr water. This raw water is used as a makeup of the losses in the boiler blow down, service water etc. This raw water is used as a makeup of the losses in the cooling tower, boiler blow down, service water etc. A reservoir suitable for minimum 3 days storage will be built up to cater the requirement of entire Cement Plant, auxiliary services like Colony etc. as well as CPP.

The total water requirement only for proposed 18 MW Power plant is about

2784 m3/day. The water balance diagram of CCP is given in Fig 2.8. DM Plant

The DM plant shall be designed to have single stream with a capacity of 5

M3/hr. The DM plant shall be designed based on the raw water analysis furnished elsewhere in this section of this report. D.M. Tank capacity shall be 50 M3.

The demineralized water quality at the outlet of the DM plant shall be as

follows:

• Hardness (ppm) : 0

• pH @ 25 °C : 8.8-9.2

• Conductivity @ 25°C (microsiemens/cm) : 0.05

• Oxygen (max) (ppm) : 0.005

• Total iron (max) (ppm) : 0.01

• Total copper (max) (ppm) : 0.01

• Total silica (max) (ppm) : 0.02

• Residual Hydrazine (ppm) : 0.01-0.02 The raw water at the inlet of the DM plant will be delivered at a pressure of

3.0 bar. The treated water at the outlet of the DM plant will be delivered at a pressure of 3.0 bar.



All vessels shall be designed with adequate free boards. Only seamless pipe shall be used wherever rubber lining is done. All fabricated vessels shall be designed according to IS 2825.

The regenerants like Hydrochloric acid and Caustic Soda shall be stored in

bulk in the DM plant premises, and pumped to the DM plant for regeneration. Manual handling of the regenerants shall be avoided to the maximum extent.

Adequately sized neutralizing pit shall be provided near the DM plant for

collecting the discharges from the DM plant and effectively neutralizing the same before pumping the waste to the plant’s effluent treatment system.

Cooling Tower

The cooling tower shall be RCC counter flow induced draft cooling tower of

capacity of 4200 m³/hr capacity having two (2) cells. The cooling tower shall be designed for a cooling range of 8°C, and an approach of 7 °C while operating under the atmospheric wet bulb temperature of about 25°C.

Major Pumps are provided for boiler feed, condensate extraction, cooling water, DM water and raw water.

Air-Conditioning and Ventilation System

The following areas in the power plant will be air-conditioned.

- The main control room housing the control panels of boiler and TG, switchyard control panels and auxiliary panel room housing the associated system cabinets.

- Instrument maintenance room Power Evacuation

The power generated from the proposed power plant will be evacuated at

6.6 kV through over head transmission line/HT, XLP cables to Plant 200% of generated capacity. Transformer will be based on a maximum estimated load of about 22.5 MVA at 0.8 pf. to be evacuated at 6.6 kV through cables/OH lines for interconnection with the grid/plant switch gear.

In case O/H transmission is opted, the 6.6 kV switchyard shall consist of

single busbar arrangement, with one incomer from transformer and one outgoing feeder for connecting the 6.6 kV line from SEB.

415 V System

The 415V 3 phase, 4 wire power for the 415 V auxiliaries would be obtained

from the auxiliary transformer. The 415 V switchgear would be of metal enclosed design with symmetrical short circuit rating of 50 kA.



2.7.6 Fire protection system Fire protection are proposed to be provided for the power plant in the form

of Hydrant system for the entire plant and Portable fire extinguishers. The fire protection will basically comply with the Tariff Advisory Committee (TAC) requirements. This plant is having elaborate fire hydrant systems consisting of Jockey pump motor driven, Main pump motor driven and Engine driven pump.

It is proposed to provide an adequate number of wall/column mounted type

portable fire extinguishers in various areas of the plant including the control room, administration building, canteen, stores, workshop, pump house, etc., These portable fire extinguishers would basically be of carbon dioxide and dry power type.

Apart from the boiler and turbo generator, the power plant will consist of fuel

handling system, boiler feed water system, cooling water system, electrical system, power evacuation system, control system, utilities like compressed air system, ash handling system, fire protection system etc.

Fire Alarm System

A fire alarm system would be installed to provide visual and audible alarm in

the power station for fire detection at the incipient stage. This system would comprise manual call points located at strategic locations in areas which are normally manned, and automatic smoke and heat detectors located at important points such as the cable vault, the control room, switchgear room etc., to detect fire at an early stage, and provide visual and audible alarm.

Fire Containment

Strategic areas in the plant like transformer portion /HT Switch Gear rooms

would be separated by adequately rated firewalls. All openings for switchgears and cable entry would be sealed by fireproof seals to prevent spread of fire from one area to another.



CHAPTER 3

PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 3.1 GENERAL 3.1.1 Sources of environmental data The information on micro meteorological data, ambient air quality, water

quality, noise levels, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated M/s Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Meteorological data recorded at the nearest IMD location and data generated at site has been used. Apart from these, secondary data have been collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey and Land use Organisation, District Industries Centre, Forest Dept. etc.

3.1.2 Study area To facilitate uninterrupted availability of the main raw material, there are

three captive limestone mines, located adjacent to the cement plant (having area 4.8 ha towards south, 4.9 ha towards north east and 33.45 ha towards ENE). For the description of baseline environmental scenario, the cement project area has been considered as the core zone. The area falling within a distance of 10 km from the boundary of the core zone has been considered as the buffer area. The core zone and the buffer zone, combined together form the study area for determination of baseline status and for assessment of impacts.

3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY 3.2.1 Geomorphology The limestone deposit forms a part of the Shillong Plateau characterized by

a rugged hilly topography. The geo-tectonic activities in the past have resulted in the development of deep gorges, valleys & steep cliffs, several streams dissect the hilly terrain. The elevation of plant area is 754m RL. The captive mines with ML area less than 5 ha are adjoining the plant. The proposed Ml of 33.45 ha is at 3 km distance at a level topography.

3.2.2 Drainage

The plateau area around village Thangskai is dissected by numerous

streams which drain the area and ultimately join the rivers Prang and Lubha.

The rainfall is very high, with the average annual rainfall being 2415 mm.

The water immediately flows down from the higher ranges downwards due to steep slopes. These drains hold water during most of the year and some



of them become dry during summer. One of the nearby perennial stream is a topography of the core zone and hydromorphological map of the study area based on satellite images is enclosed as Fig 3.1.

The highest recorded 24 hours rainfall at Shillong is 2444mm which may

generate overland flow of 9.687 ham from the core zone of 59.269 ham, considering run off factor as 67%.

3.3 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY 3.3.1 Climate The climate of the Khasi and Jaintia hills districts is uniquely pleasant. It is

warm and humid except in winter. 3.3.2 Long-term meteorology The nearest meteorological station of IMD is at Shillong, which is

approximately 125km by road (65km aerial) to the NW of the project area. The following meteorological parameters for the period 1996 to 2006 for Shillong station have been collected from India Meteorological Department for study of long-term meteorology of the study area, and are appended as Annexure I. The data in respect of various parameters are briefly discussed in the following paragraphs.

Temperature

Monthwise average maximum and minimum temperatures for the thirteen

year period from 1996 to 2006 as recorded at IMD station Shillong, have been furnished in Table 3.1 and visualised in Fig 3.2.

TABLE 3.1

MONTHLY AVERAGE MAX. & MIN. TEMPERATURE (1996-2006)

Months Temperature (°C)

Maximum Minimum

January 15.13 5.77 February 17.68 8.27 March 21.30 11.28 April 22.94 14.04 May 23.53 15.85 June 24.38 17.56 July 24.12 18.15 August 24.18 17.88 September 23.42 16.88 October 22.07 14.55 November 19.27 11.08 December 16.47 7.45 Mean 21.21 13.23



Fig 3.1: Topography of core zone and Hydromorphological map of study area Contours in the Core Project Area (Source: Study on Digital Elevation Model of Core Project Area of Meghalaya Cements Ltd.)

Source: Study “GIS& Remote Sensing Study”

R

WATERSHED

DRAINAGE

ROAD

PLANT SITE

HIGH

MEDIUM

LOW

GROUND WATER POTENTIOL REGIME

MEDIUM

GROUND WATER TABLE REGIME

25°

13' 30"

25°

13' 30"

25°

8' 00"

25°

8' 00"

92° 20' 30"

92° 26' 00"

92° 20' 30"92° 26' 00"



The mean of monthly minimum temperatures recorded at IMD station Shillong ranges from 5.77°C in January to 18.15°C in July. The mean of monthly maximum temperatures ranges from 15.13°C in January to 24.38°C in June.

Rainfall

It may be observed from Annexure I that the rainfall does not show any

cyclic occurrence and shows wide and erratic variations. The average annual rainfall for the period 1996 to 2006 was 2044.64 mm, with a minimum annual rainfall of 1019.7 mm during 1999, and the maximum annual rainfall of 2444.1 mm during 1999. The annual rainfall recorded at IMD station Shillong for the period of 1996-2006 is given in Table 3.2 and the monthly average values of rainfall are shown in Fig 3.3.

TABLE 3.2

ANNUAL RAINFALL OBSERVED AT SHILLONG

YEAR RAINFALL, mm

1996 1797.40

1997 2121.80

1998 2126.10

1999 2444.10

2000 2257.00

2006 1019.70

Average 2044.64

FIG 3.2 : MONTHLY AVG. MAX. & MIN. TEMPERATURE (°C) IMD STATION, SHILLONG (1996-2006)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Months

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Max. Avg. max. Min. Avg. min.



Humidity

The average monthly relative humidity data recorded at Shillong IMD station

during the period from 1996 to 2007 is given in Table 3.3 and graphically represented in Fig 3.4.

TABLE 3.3

AVERAGE MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY FROM 1996-2006 (IMD STATION, SHILLONG)

Month Relative Humidity (%)

0830 Hrs 1730 Hrs

January 57 88

February 55 76

March 52 65

April 64 73

May 75 82

June 83 85

July 85 86

August 84 88

September 81 90

October 71 90

November 62 88

December 58 89

Average 69 83

FIG 3.3 : MONTHLY AVERAGE RAINFALL (mm)

IMD STATION, SHILLONG (1996-2006)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450


Months

Ra

infa

ll (m

m)



It is seen from the above that relative humidity is higher during the period of

monsoon and lower during other months varying from 52 to 85 at 0830 hrs and 65 to 90% at 1730 hrs.

Wind Speed and Wind rose

The Morning and Evening windrose diagram for the period from 1996 to

2001 moniotred at Shillong IMD stationareis presented in Fig. 3.5 and 3.6 respectively.

An observation of the evening windrose shows that the predominant wind

direction is from SW in the months of March to October, when the predominance is from SW from May to August and from W between February and April in the morning hours; in December, January, they are from E. The wind speeds are usually less than 19 km/hr.

FIG 3.4 : MONTHLY RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)

IMD STATION, SHILLONG (1996-2006)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


Months

Rela

tive H

um

idity

(%

)

Rel. hum. at 0830 hrs Average Rel. hum. at 1730 hrs Average



FIG 3.5 : WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF IMD STATION, SHILLONG (AT 8:30 HRS)



FIG 3.6 : WINDROSE DIAGRAM OF IMD STATION, SHILLONG (AT 17:30 HRS)



3.3.3 Micro-meteorology The micro-meteorological data of the study area have been recorded by Min

Mec R&D Laboratory, New Delhi with an automatic weather station for the winter season from 1st November, 2007 to 31st January, 2007. The daily average of the monitored micro-meteorological data is given in Annexure II and summarized in Table 3.4. The various parameters are discussed in subsequent paragraphs.

TABLE 3.4

SUMMARY OF MONITORED MICROMETEOROLOGICAL DATA (NOVEMBER 1, 2007 TO JANUARY 31, 2008)

Parameter Maximum Minimum Mean

Temperature (°C) (Dry bulb) 27.20 3.00 17.05 Relative humidity (%) 79.90 33.90 61.96

Wind speed (km/hr) 25.37 0.00 6.08 Predominant wind direction from W (20.54% Readings )

The above table shows that temperature was recorded as a minimum of

3.0°C and maximum of 27.20°C, relative humidity as a minimum of 33.90% and maximum of 79.90% during the monitoring period. The wind speed varies between calm to 25.37 km/hr and the predominant wind direction was observed from W with 20.54% of occurrences. The wind frequency table is given in Table 3.5 and the corresponding wind rose diagram is shown in Fig 3.7.

TABLE 3.5

WIND FREQUENCY TABLE OF DATA MONITORED AT MEGHALAYA CEMENTS LTD (01/11/2007 TO 28/01/2008)

Wind % of readings in different ranges of wind speed (km/hr)

direction Calm 1.8-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 >20 Total Ex-calm

from DAY (6 hrs to 17 hrs)

E 0.96 0.48 4.32 2.69 0.00 0.00 8.45 7.49

ENE 0.48 1.15 6.24 5.66 0.19 0.00 13.72 13.24

NE 0.58 0.67 5.18 2.98 0.00 0.00 9.41 8.83

NNE 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.30 0.30

N 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00

NNW 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

NW 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00

WNW 0.38 0.48 0.58 0.29 0.00 0.00 1.73 1.35

W 0.48 2.59 12.48 2.69 0.58 0.19 19.01 18.53

WSW 0.58 3.07 8.73 1.92 0.19 0.00 14.49 13.91

SW 0.96 2.50 1.15 0.10 0.00 0.00 4.71 3.75

SSW 1.34 0.86 0.86 0.10 0.00 0.00 3.16 1.82

S 0.96 0.77 1.92 0.19 0.00 0.00 3.84 2.88

SSE 1.06 1.82 2.02 0.86 0.00 0.00 5.76 4.70

SE 0.10 0.96 4.03 2.02 0.00 0.00 7.11 7.01

ESE 0.19 0.67 4.89 2.11 0.00 0.00 7.86 7.67 TOTAL 8.55 16.12 52.50 21.71 0.96 0.19 100.03 91.48



Wind % of readings in different ranges of wind speed (km/hr)

direction Calm 1.8-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 >20 Total Ex-calm

from NIGHT (18 hrs to 5 hrs)

E 1.06 0.48 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.74 0.68

ENE 0.39 1.06 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.41 2.02

NE 0.96 0.68 1.45 0.10 0.00 0.00 3.19 2.23

NNE 0.58 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 0.10

N 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00

NNW 0.19 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.10

NW 0.96 0.48 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.63 0.67

WNW 1.54 1.83 1.16 0.48 0.00 0.00 5.01 3.47

W 2.99 5.40 10.13 2.60 0.77 0.19 22.08 19.09

WSW 2.80 4.05 15.81 2.99 0.87 0.00 26.52 23.72

SW 4.05 4.53 5.30 0.10 0.00 0.00 13.98 9.93

SSW 4.44 3.66 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.58 4.14

S 4.63 1.74 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.56 1.93

SSE 2.12 1.16 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.67 1.55

SE 1.06 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.54 0.48

ESE 0.87 0.48 0.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.83 0.96

TOTAL 28.93 26.13 36.74 6.37 1.64 0.19 100.00 71.07

COMPOSITE

E 1.01 0.48 2.21 1.39 0.00 0.00 5.09 4.08

ENE 0.43 1.11 3.61 2.84 0.10 0.00 8.09 7.66

NE 0.77 0.67 3.32 1.54 0.00 0.00 6.30 5.53

NNE 0.29 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.20

N 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00

NNW 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.05

NW 0.63 0.24 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.97 0.34

WNW 0.96 1.15 0.87 0.38 0.00 0.00 3.36 2.40

W 1.73 3.99 11.30 2.65 0.67 0.19 20.53 18.80

WSW 1.68 3.56 12.27 2.45 0.53 0.00 20.49 18.81

SW 2.50 3.51 3.22 0.10 0.00 0.00 9.33 6.83

SSW 2.89 2.26 0.67 0.05 0.00 0.00 5.87 2.98

S 2.79 1.25 1.06 0.10 0.00 0.00 5.20 2.41

SSE 1.59 1.49 1.20 0.43 0.00 0.00 4.71 3.12

SE 0.58 0.72 2.02 1.01 0.00 0.00 4.33 3.75

ESE 0.53 0.58 2.69 1.06 0.00 0.00 4.86 4.33

TOTAL 18.72 21.11 44.64 14.05 1.30 0.19 100.01 81.29 Note : CALM is cut off at wind speed <1.8 km/hr as per CPCB



3.4 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 3.4.1 Ambient air sampling To establish the ambient air quality, ambient air quality study has been

carried out by M/s Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. The study was carried out to cover the period from 2/11/2007 to 28/1/2008.

3.4.2 Location of ambient air sampling stations Eight air sampling stations were established in and around the core and

buffer zone to study the present ambient air quality. The sampling station locations are given in Table 3.6 and the same are marked in Fig 3.8.

TABLE 3.6

LOCATION OF AIR SAMPLING STATIONS

Station code

Name of the village

Distance from project site (km)

Direction from project site

A1 Core zone MCL Plant

- -

A2 Wahiajer 0.5 S

A3 Umrasian 4.5 W

A4 Shiehruphi 1.3 N

A5 Thangskai 2.0 E

A6 Musniang 3.0 NW

A7 Untyra 5.2 NE

A8 Mynkre 3.2 NW

3.4.3 Sampling schedule and air quality parameters 24 hourly samples were collected twice a week from each station during the

sampling period. 3.4.4 Air quality parameters The following parameters were determined for each sample:

- Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

- Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM)

- Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

- Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

The sampling and testing of ambient air quality parameters was carried out

as per relevant Parts of IS: 5182. The brief details of testing procedure adopted are given in Table 3.7.



W2

W1

W8

W9W7

W6

W5

W4

W3

A8

A7

A6

2

3

1

A5

A3

A4

A2A1

SURFACE WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

NOISE SAMPLING STATIONS

SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS

AIR SAMPLING STATIONS

TRAFFIC MONITORING STATION

W

A

S

N

T

10K

M R

AD

IUS

VILLAGE LOCATION

RIVER/CANAL

ROAD

PLANT SITE

PLANT SITE

W10

S1

S2

PHYTO-SOCIOLOGICAL SAMPLING STN. P

P1

P4

P3

P2

T



TABLE 3.7 PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING VARIOUS AIR QUALITY PARAMETERS

Parameters Testing procedure

SPM Gravimetric method using high volume air samplers IS : 5182 (Part IV)1973

RPM Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) NOx Absorption in dil. NaOH and then estimated colorimetrically with

sulphanilamide and N(I-Nepthyle) Ethylene diamine Dihydrochloride and Hydrogen Peroxide (IS:5182 1975, Part VI)

SO2 Absorption in Sodium Tetra Chloro-mercurate followed by Colorimetric estimation using P-Rosaniline hydrochloride and Formaldehyde (IS : 5182 Part. II. 1969)

The summarised results of the air quality studies are given in Tables 3.8

and the details are given in the form of Annexure III and ambient air quality standards is given in Annexure IV.

TABLE 3.8

SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY TEST RESULTS (WINTER, 2007-08)

Parameter Location Concentrations (µg/m3)

Maximum Minimum Average 98 %tile

Suspended particulate matter (SPM)

Core zone MCL Plant

80 51 66 80

Wahiajer 69 49 58 68 Umrasian 61 47 54 60 Shiehruphi 73 48 61 72 Thangskai 77 51 64 76 Musniang 65 45 54 65 Untyra 68 47 57 68 Mynkre 75 48 63 75

Respirable particulate matter (RPM)

Core zone MCL Plant

44 29 37 44

Wahiajer 38 27 33 38 Umrasian 34 26 30 34 Shiehruphi 41 27 34 40 Thangskai 43 28 36 43 Musniang 36 25 30 36 Untyra 38 26 32 38 Mynkre 42 27 36 42

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

Core zone MCL Plant

11.8 BDL 9.5 11.8

Wahiajer 10.5 BDL 7.3 10.4 Umrasian 8.5 BDL 6.6 8.5 Shiehruphi 8.9 BDL 6.5 8.9 Thangskai 9.5 BDL 7.3 9.5 Musniang 7.4 BDL 5.7 7.4 Untyra 7.1 BDL 5.5 7.1 Mynkre 8.0 BDL 6.4 7.9



Parameter Location Concentrations (µg/m3)

Maximum Minimum Average 98 %tile

Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Core zone MCL Plant

8.3 BDL 6.5 8.2

Wahiajer 7.6 BDL 5.8 7.6 Umrasian 6.5 BDL 4.8 6.2 Shiehruphi 6.4 BDL 5.0 6.4 Thangskai 7.1 BDL 5.0 7.1 Musniang 5.8 BDL 4.7 5.8 Untyra 6.1 BDL 4.6 6.1 Mynkre 6.5 BDL 5.0 6.4

24 hourly average SPM levels were always found to be below 200 µg/m3 at

all the locations. SO2 and NOx values are much on the lower side. The concentrations of respirable particulate matter (RPM) are within limits. The CO levels were found always below 1000 µg/m3 .

3.4.5 Stack monitoring The stack monitoring was carried out during the monitoring period and the

results are giver in Table 3.9.

TABLE 3.9 STACK MONITORING RESULTS (DECEMBER, 2007)

Sl. No. Particulars SPM, mg/Nm3

1. Coal Mill 51.3

2. Packing Plant 44.4 3. Cement Mill 54.7 4. Primary Crusher 42.7 5. Secondary Crusher 41.3 6. Cooler E.S.P. 51.5 7. Kiln & Raw Mill (RABH) 56.80

The monitoring results show that the stack emission results are within limits

prescribed by SPCB/CPCB. 3.5 WATER RESOURCES The Hydrological cycle and water budget is given below

Rainfall (2044 mm)

Surface runoff (67%)

Infiltration (3%)

Evaporation (30%)

Base flow



3.5.1 Water regime 3.5.1.1 Surface water

The project area forms a part of Meghna river basin in the extreme upper

portions. The area is drained by number of southerly flowing sub parallel drainage net work and the important one are lyber and Umlunat. The drainage of the area is seasonal in nature, over flooding their banks during the rainy season and being fed through subsurface flow of water during summer season. The annual rainfall over the area based on rainfall data of Shillong is moderately high amounting 2044.6mm. The major part of annual rain occurs through southwest monsoon during April to October every year. The topography of the area is steep thus giving rise to high runoff. As already mentioned, it is a heavy rainfall area, hence there is no dearth of water for utilisation in plant related activities. However, the plant area is at a plateu at higher elevation so water flows down to the streams along steep slopes. The rainy season is long stretched and the water in the nearby nalas is throughout the year. There are water seepages along slopes of hill sides and this gives rise to streams (springs) emanating from the hill slopes in the study area of 10kms. This water is used for domestic use by the villages in surrounding area. That is why, there are no open wells or tube wells found in the area.

The distance of various water bodies present in the study area is given

below in Table 3.10.

TABLE 3.10 LOCATION OF WATER BODIES IN STUDY AREA

Sl No Particulars Distance, km Direction

1. Lyber River 4.2 KM NW

2. Um Lunat River 1.7 KM E

3. Laphyrwi River 3.8 KM NW 4. Wah lariang River 9.6 KM SW 5. Subi River 5.0 km E

Present water utilisation is 792.9 cum/day (680.6 cum for industrial +105.6

cum for domestic + 6.7 cum for miscellaneous purposes) 3.5.1.2 Ground water / hydrogeology

The entire study area is underlain by fluvial sediments directly overlying

Jaintia group of formations belonging to Eocene period. These formations comprises shale, marl, sandstone and limestone. Field investigators have indicated absence of any wells/tubewell in the study area. The local population depends on surface water to meet their drinking water need. The ground water occurs within the looses fractured compact formation in the area. Wherever the water table cuts the topography, it forms spring. Mostly in nala section exposure of water table is common at lower reaches. There are two locations where the water table is observed by Central Ground



Water Board. These station are located about 32 km west of the project area in the valley parts. The locations of these stations are Dauki and Jowai. The water table over the major portion of valley is less than 5m with seasonal variation ranging between less than a metre to 3m.

3.5.1.3 Ground water resources

In absence of any water level data the annual groundwater resources has

been evaluated based on rainfall infiltration method. The annual rainfall observed at Shillong is 2044 mm. As the major portion of study area has slope more than 15% hence the infiltration is likely to be low which is taken as 3% only. The total study area is 380.13 sq.km based on satellite imagery. Therefore the annual groundwater resources would be of the order of 23.32 mcm. As the area is devoid of any cultivable land and the population depends on surface water to meet the domestic requirement, hence the entire infiltration ultimately is lost through existing drain/stream as base flow. The long term water level records of CGWB in the Meghalaya State as well does not reflect any change in ground water regime which indicate a near equilibrium conditions of ground water storage. That is the annual replenishment out flow as base flow leaving the ground water storage stable.

3.5.2 Water quality Ten water samples from surface sources were collected from various

locations within the study area and were analyzed. The details of water monitoring stations are shown in Table 3.11.

TABLE 3.11

LOCATION OF WATER SAMPLING STATIONS

Sl. No. Station code

Location of water sampling stations

Distance from project

site (km)

Direction from

project site

1 SW1 MCL Plant 0.0 -

2 SW2 Sonapur river 2.7 E

3 SW3 Lumshnong drinking water 6.6 SSE

4 SW4 Umbadoh stream water 3.0 S

5 SW5 Wahiajer 1.0 S

6 SW6 Thangskai 1.0 SE

7 SW7 Mynkre 2.9 N

8 SW8 Laphyrwi nala 7.7 NNW

9 SW9 Mynkre nala 3.7 NW

10 SW10 Shiehruphi drinking water 1.4 N

The results of the analysis are given in Annexure V, the summary of which

is given in Table 3.12.



TABLE 3.12 WATER ANALYSIS REPORT

Characteristics SURFACE WATER

SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10

pH 7.81 6.73 7.73 7.37 7.43 7.85 7.81 7.5 7.63 7.93

TDS (mg/l) 198 114 162 210 222 180 144 156 174 54

Alkalinity (mg/l) 145 11 112 134 117 117 123 128 151 33

Iron (as Fe) mg/l 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.11 0.05 0.03 0.04 BDL

Total hardness (mg/l) 172 72 132 160 168 128 112 120 136 60

Copper (as Cu) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Manganese (as Mn) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Chloride as Cl (mg/l) 8 10 8 12 10 8 8 10 6 6

SO4 (mg/l) 35 52 21 44 47 25 3 3 3 0.5

Fluoride (mg/l) <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01

Nitrates (mg/l) 1.06 0.31 3.1 0.53 2.69 0.26 0.22 0.04 0.04 0.09

It can thus be observed that the concentrations of all constituents is within

the desirable and permissible limits for drinking water as given in Annexure VI.

3.6 NOISE LEVEL AND TRAFFIC DENSITY A Noise level Background noise levels were monitored at eight locations in and around

the site and 3 locations within the plant premises. The noise levels around the site are given in Table 3.13. Details for core and buffer zone are given in Annexure VII. The OSHA damage risk criteria are reproduced in Annexure VIII and the Ambient Air Quality Standard in respect of noise is given in Annexure IX.

TABLE 3.13

AMBIENT NOISE LEVELS

Station code

Location of noise monitoring Station

Distance from project

site, km

Direction from site

Noise levels (Leq)

Day Night

N1 Umbadoh 3.0 S 52.9 48.5

N2 Thangskai 1.0 E 54.5 52.3

N3 Shiehruphi 1.4 N 54.1 46.9

N4 MCL plant 0.0 - 60.2 50.1

N5 Wahiajer 1.0 S 44.7 44.2

N6 Mynkre 2.9 N 42.5 41.9

N7 Umtyra 6.0 N 46.7 40.4

N8 Umrasong 4.0 SW 52.4 46.3

The ambient noise levels in the study area were found within the

permissible limits for residential and rural areas. The day and night time Leq within core zone at 3 locations (Road opposite to Raw Mill, Inbetween



crusher and clay shed and Inbetween cement mill and Elect. SS) were found between 73.39-67.65, 57.5-56.93 and 68.06-67.03 dB(A) respectively

B Traffic density A traffic density survey was conducted round the clock from 18.12.2007 to

19.12.2007 on NH-44 (Shillong-Silture road) near the point where the plant road meets the NH-44. The traffic monitoring station is shown in Fig 3.8.

Table 3.14 shows the summary of the movement of the various types of

vehicles during the survey period. The details of daily movement of various types of traffic are given in Annexure X.

TABLE 3.14

TRAFFIC DENSITY

Traffic vehicle Total No. of traffic

H.M.V 1802

L.M.V 1002

Two/Three wheeler 21 Total 2825

The traffic density with respect to two wheelers and three wheelers is

generally very low. The movement of heavy motor vehicles are almost uniform through out the 24 hour period. The movement of light motor vehicles is low during the night hours.

Traffic density was also monitored at road connecting the plant to the NH-44

which was found to be 154 (140 HV+14 LV). 3.7 SEISMICITY The area lies in one of the high seismic zones in the country. The area falls

in Zone V of the seismic zoning map of India prepared under the auspices of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS Code : IS 1893 : Part-I : 2002). The seismic zone V is broadly associated with seismic intensity of IX or more on MM scale. It may be mentioned that the intensity IX on MM scale corresponds to horizontal ground acceleration of 250 cm/sec2 in any horizontal direction. The damage to the buildings founded on sandy soil is higher than the similar type of buildings having their foundation on hard bedrock. Natural disaster such as earthquake can cause damage to the Civil structures. The plant structure will be designed to with stand the recorded Severity of earthquake/cyclones etc.

3.8 LAND USE 3.8.1 Core zone The land use pattern in the core zone (cement plant premises) is industrial

as all the area measuring 59.269 ha has been already acquired by the proponent. The layout plan is shown in Fig 2.1 in Chapter 2.



TABLE 3.15 PRESENT LAND USE WITHIN PROJECT AREA

Sl. No. Particulars Area, ha Percentage

1. Plant area 11.898 20.07

2. Road 7.759 13.09

3. Truck Yard 0.227 0.38

4. Limestone stock yard 2.245 3.79

5. Colony 4.549 7.68

6. Office & Store 0.733 1.24

7. Garage & Workshop 0.962 1.62

8. Green belt area 4.000 6.75

9. Balance area 26.896 45.35

Total 59.269 100.00

The part of the balance area of 26.896 ha will be utilised for the proposed

CPP and green belt as explained in Chapter 4. The land use of 33.45 ha of ML area of lime stone mine is barren land which

has been acquired by the Company. Only bushes of broom grass were seen in the area.

3.8.2 Buffer zone Break up of land use pattern based on satellite imagery within study area is

given in Table 3.16.

TABLE 3.16 LAND USE DETAILS OF STUDY AREA (HA)

Land use Area (ha) % of total land area

Forest* 29621.68 77.92

Valley Forest 1400.53 3.68

Cultivated, Culturable and land not available for cultivation

4965.22 13.06

Water body 1361.58 3.58

Mining area 664.26 1.75

TOTAL 38013.27 100.00

* Forest here means vegetation bearing area and not forest in legal sense under Forest Act

A perusal of above table shows that about 81.60% of the total area is

occupied by forest land, followed by water bodies (13.06%) and barren land (3.58%). The land use is depicted by pie diagram in Fig 3.9. & 3.10



3.8.3 Cultivation crops The crops common to the area are Paddy, Maize, Soyabean, Orange,

Banana, Turmeric and beetelnut. The yield of the crops is low. 3.8.4 Forests There are two reserve forests named

1 Narpuh RF block I at a distance of 12.5 km from the plant site 2 Narpuh RF block II at a distance of 11.3 km from the plant site

These two RFs are adjacent to each other. 3.8.5 Soil quality Two soil samples were collected- one from core zone and one from study

area. The results of analysis are given in Annexure XI. The location of soil sampling stations are given in Table 3.17 and shown in Fig 3.8.

TABLE 3.17

SOIL SAMPLING STATIONS

Station no. Location Distance, km Direction

SC1 Core zone Within NA SC2 Within NA SC3 Within Na SB1 Thangskai 2 km S SB2 Mynkree 2.2 km NW SB3 Wahiajar 1.8 km SW

FIG 3.9 : LAND USE PATTERN IN STUDY AREA

AS PER SATELLITE IMAGERY

Forest*

77.92%

Valley Forest

3.68%

Water body

3.58%

Mining area

1.75%

Cultivated, Culturable

and land not available

for cultivation

13.06%



The soils are sandy and loam. The colour of the soil is usually brick red. The natural moisture content ranges from 3.1% to 12.5%, bulk density is from 2.15 g/cm3 to 2.55 g/cm3 and organic matter from 0.12% to 0.35%.

3.9 ECOLOGY 3.9.1 Flora

A. Core zone There are 29 species of trees, 9 species of shrubs, 44 species of herbs, 7

species of grasses and 3 species of climbers in core zone. The detailed list is given in Annexure XII. There are no threatened species in core zone.

The plantation carried out in the core zone is given below in Table 3.18.

TABLE 3.18 PLANTATION CARRIED OUT IN CORE ZONE

Sl. No. Name of the species Numbers

1 Tecoma 23 2 Palas 20 3 Starlight ficus 9 4 Ficus 6 5 Gulmohar 97 6 Pride of India 11 7 Ashoka 108 8 Royal palm 21 9 Areca Nut palm 27

10 Black felodendrum 1 11 Curly felodendrum 4 12 Tatali (Tamarind) 3 13 Creepers 2 14 Cycas 9 15 Phoenix 10 16 Mussaenda 23 17 Araucaria 22 18 Ixora 4 19 Carpet grass 20 sq. feet 20 Hanging flower 9 21 Tita chappa 288

B. Buffer zone The floral found in the whole of the study area are representative of the

Northern Wet Evergreen Forest. The forest besides the study area is quite dense. The general survey has shown extreme biotic pressure in the area due to limestone mining (excavation), leading to widespread reduction of trees in the area.



Due to heavy rainfall in the region, there is a admixture of trees in the broad leaved evergreen forest. The common species found in the area are of Castonopeis indica, castonopeis hystrix, Derris robusta, Macaranga denticulate, Schima wallichii & Musa superba.

The height of the dominant trees ranges from 4m to 9m which generally

grow densely alongwith Musa superba and Clerodendron species. Numerous climbers are found in the area and they usually exhibit mesophytic adaption.

Perennial grasses like cynodon dactylon and Saccharum spontaneum of

Poaceae family grow in this area. A thin layer of grass growth can be noticed after the rains. Various types of woody growth along with shrubs also can be noticed in the area. There are no threatened species in the area.

Phyto-sociological study

To understand the attribute of communities, a phyto-sociological study of

vegetation was conducted all through, wherever small patches of Acacia senegal growth were present. The study sites are shown in Fig 3.8. The sites were selected on the basis of vegetation component and their importance for project view point. An attempt has been made to study only for tree flora. A list of flora for trees, shrubs and herbaceous plant species is listed separately in Annexure XII.

At each selected site, random vegetation sampling was done with the help

of 10 m X 10 m quadrate size. Presence and absence of species, number of individual species and basal area of each plant species in each quadrate was recorded. Frequencies and densities were calculated following Curtis and Mc. Intosh (1951) method. Species diversity index was estimated using Shannon-Weiner index (1963).

Shanon Weiner diversity Index was calculated by following formula :

H = - ΣΣΣΣ Pi Log Pi

Where : H = Shanon Weiner diversity index Pi = ni/N where ni is number or biomass or IVI of individual species and N is

the total number or biomass or IVI of all individuals. In the present study IVI (Importance Value Index) has been taken into

consideration for evaluation of diversity index. IVI gives total performance of individual species at a particular site. IVI is the total of relative frequency (RF), relative density (RD) and relative dominance (RDO). Since IVI includes many of the attributes at a time, therefore consideration of IVI was preferred on number for evaluation of Shannon-Weiner diversity index. This diversity index includes both richness of species and apportionment of species at any particular site. Higher the value of index, more is the stability



of that community. Thus Shannon-Weiner diversity index is an indication of goodness of community.

Phytosociological study of tree layer vegetation was conducted at various

sites, however more emphasis was given on study around the proposed project site. The parameters such as frequency, density, abundance, relative frequency, relative density, relative dominance and IVI were evaluated at each forest stand. Shanon-Weiner diversity index was also calculated for each studied stand. A general description of forest stands, where classified forest are not present, has also been covered in following paragraphs:

The existing forest is of mixed wet broad leaved evergreen type. The area is

surrounded by forest. Canopy density (Canopy area of trees/Total ground cover area) of the forested area is very moderate from 1.5 to 4.5m. Canopy diameter of tree species varies from 1.0 to 3.6m. The forest stands are dominated mostly by a Mimosaceae tree species of Albizia. Very few stands are dominated by Tectona and Bombax ceiba tree species. Overall forest areas are characterised by high species diversity. Number of total plant species is about ninty. All the stands are dominated by Castonopsis indica, Castonopsis hytrix, Derris robusta, Macaranga denticulate or Schima. Ther is no degraded forest because of heavy rainfall alongwith high intensity sunlight. A detailed vegetation study was done for the following sites :Mynkre, Shiehruphi, Umstain and Wahiajer Tree flora vegetation analysis results are shown in Tables 3.19 to 3.22.

TABLE 3.19

TREE FLORA AT VILLAGE MYNKRE (P4)

Name of species F D AB RF RD RDO IVI

Terminalia bellerica 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 1.09 8.46

Calicarpa arborea 40.00 0.40 1.00 10.26 4.49 8.69 23.44

Macaranga denticulata 60.00 1.40 2.33 15.38 15.73 28.74 59.86

Castonopsis indica 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 7.09 14.47

Trema orientalis 40.00 0.40 1.00 10.26 4.49 6.44 21.19

Gmelina arborea 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 3.87 11.25

Michelia champaca 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 1.77 9.15

Schima walliichii 40.00 0.60 1.50 10.26 6.74 11.62 28.62

Lagerstremia speciosa 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 4.34 11.72

Artocarpus integrifolia 30.00 0.30 1.00 7.69 3.37 8.04 19.11

Albizzia chinensis 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 4.84 12.22

Caryota urens 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 4.84 12.22

Erythrina indica 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.13 2.25 4.11 11.48

Bambusa palida 20.00 4.20 21.00 5.13 47.19 4.50 56.82

Diversity Index = 1.06



TABLE 3.20 TREE FLORA AT VILLAGE SHIEHRUPHI (P1)


Caryota urens 20.00 0.40 2.00 6.67 3.70 13.38 23.75



Bambusa tulda 20.00 6.00 30.00 6.67 55.56 9.91 72.14


Lagerstroemia speciosa 20.00 0.40 2.00 6.67 3.70 2.33 12.70


Schima wallichii 20.00 0.20 1.00 6.67 1.85 2.73 11.25

Ficus hirta 20.00 0.20 1.00 6.67 1.85 0.87 9.39

Derris robusta 20.00 0.20 1.00 6.67 1.85 7.46 15.97

Castonopsis hystrix 40.00 0.80 2.00 13.33 7.41 19.85 40.59


TABLE 3.21 TREE FLORA AT VILLAGE UMSTAIN (P2)


Lagerstroemia parviflora 80.00 1.80 2.25 21.05 29.03 37.04 87.13

Lagerstroemia speciosa 60.00 0.80 1.33 15.79 12.90 12.10 40.79

Bauhinia variegata 60.00 1.20 2.00 15.79 19.35 6.53 41.68

Terminalia bellerica 20.00 0.20 1.00 5.26 3.23 3.02 11.51



Caryota urens 20.00 0.40 2.00 5.26 6.45 8.23 19.95

Artocarpus intrigrifolia 40.00 0.40 1.00 10.53 6.45 8.23 25.21

Alainthis integrifolia 40.00 0.40 1.00 10.53 6.45 8.23 25.21


TABLE 3.22 TREE FLORA AT VILLAGE WAHIAJER (P3)



Bauhinia variegata 40.00 0.60 1.50 8.00 5.17 2.95 16.12


Messua ferrea 40.00 0.40 1.00 8.00 3.45 6.26 17.71

Bauhinia insigne 40.00 0.60 1.50 8.00 5.17 9.40 22.57

Ficus hirta 20.00 0.20 1.00 4.00 1.72 2.89 8.61

Castonopsis hystrix 20.00 0.20 1.00 4.00 1.72 5.13 10.86



Bauhinia purpurea 20.00 0.20 1.00 4.00 1.72 0.72 6.45

Trema orientalis 20.00 0.20 1.00 4.00 1.72 0.98 6.71

Michelia champaca 40.00 0.40 1.00 8.00 3.45 1.00 12.45

Bambusa palida 20.00 2.20 11.00 4.00 18.97 3.53 26.49

Bambusa tulda 20.00 4.00 20.00 4.00 34.48 4.91 43.39




Note : F - Frequency D - Density AB - Abundance RF - Relative Frequency RD - Relative Density RDO - Relative Dominance IVI - Importance Value Index 3.9.2 Fauna A. Fauna in core zone

The fauna in core zone has been studied and it has been found that there is

no Schedule-I species and there are no threatened species. The fauna found is of general type like Monkey, Jungle cat, Indian hare etc in mammals. The avifauna comprises Jungle Myna, Jungle crow, Parrot etc and in reptile common Indian Krait, garden Lizard etc are found.The detailed list is given in Annexure XIII.

A. Fauna in study area

The study area being mostly bearing vegetation, many fauna species are

found. The list of fauna species generally found in the area is given in Annexure XIII.

Mongoose, Sloth bear, Rat species, Jungle cat, Giant squirrel, Hoolock

monkey, Common langur, jackals, hare are the common mammals while Pigeon, House crow, Jungle fowl, Quail, Parrot, Woodpecker, Black bird, Owl, Grey partridge are the common birds.

The dominant birds in the area are Jungle crow and Jungle myna, however

grey partridges dominates the areas covered by shrubby, evergreen, wet forests. There are no Schedule 1 species in the area. The monkey belonging to schedule III is threatened species.

3.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS The socio-economic conditions of the area are described in the following

paragraphs. 3.10.1 Demographic details There is a colony within the core zone. There are 27 inhabited villages in

the buffer zone of the study area. The total population within the study area is 9105. The male and female wise population as per Census 2001 records are given in Table 3.23.

TABLE 3.23

MALE & FEMALE WISE POPULATION (CENSUS 2001)

No. of villages

Total population Males Females

27 9105 4631 4474



The village wise demographic details including population of males, females, schedule cast, schedule tribe, literacy level are given in Annexure XIV and summarised in Table 3.24. The population of SC & ST and sex wise break-up of literacy levels are shown in Fig 3.11 and 3.12 respectively.

TABLE 3.24

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS (CENSUS 2001)

Description Persons Percent

Total population 9105 100.00 Total Schedule Casts 0 0.00 Total Schedule Tribes 8836 97.05 No. of women per 1000 men 966 - No. of house holds 1565 - No. of literates 3228 35.45

FIG 3.11 : BREAK UP OF SC & ST IN THE STUDY AREA

(CENSUS 2001)

Schedule Tribe

97.05%

Others

2.95%

Schedule Caste

0.00%

FIG 3.12 : LITERACY LEVEL IN THE STUDY AREA(CENSUS 2001)

Literates

18.50%

Illiterates

32.37%

Illiterates

32.18%

Literates

16.96%

Mal

es 5

1.51

%

Femal

es 4

8.49

%



From the above it is evident that female population is lower than male and there are 934 females for every 1000 males in the area. The ST are 97.05% whereas there is 0% population of SC. The literacy level is average in general.

3.10.2 Employment pattern The village wise employment pattern within the study area including their

break-up is given in Annexure XV and summarised in Table 3.25. The employment pattern, break-up of main workers and break-up of marginal workers are graphically depicted in Fig 3.13, 3.14 respectively.

TABLE 3.25

EMPLOYMENT PATTERN WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (CENSUS 2001)

Description Persons Percent

Main workers 3657 40.16

Marginal workers 667 7.33

Non workers 4781 52.51

Break-up of main workers

1. Cultivators 2686 73.45

2. Agricultural labours 313 8.56

3. House hold industries 37 1.01

4. Other workers 621 16.98

Break-up of marginal workers

1. Cultivators 94 14.09

2. Agricultural labours 378 56.67

3. House hold industries 25 3.75

4. Other workers 170 25.49

The above table shows that agriculture is the main source of livelihood in

the study area. The employment pattern of the study area reveals that around 82% of main workers and around 71% of marginal workers are involved in agriculture and it is the major source of income.

House hold industries account for very small fraction of the work force.

About 1.01% of main workers and 3.75% of marginal workers are engaged in household industries.

Non-worker proportion is more than 52% of the total population. 3.10.3 Animal husbandry Due to the heavy rainfall occurrence in the area and irrigation facilities, the

yield of crops is average but the people in the study area mainly depend on birds or mammals, & at times, even reptiles for their food.



3.10.4 Amenities The village wise details of amenities available in the study area are given in

Annexure XVI. A summary of the amenities available in the villages is as follows:

• Education facilities in the study area consist of 20 primary schools and 2 middle schools.

• Medical facilities in the study area consist of 1 subsidised and 1 allopathic dispensary.

FIG 3.13 : EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA (CENSUS 2001)

Marginal workers

7.33%

Main workers

40.16%

Non workers

52.51%

FIG 3.14 : BREAK UP OF MAIN WORKERS IN THE STUDY AREA (CENSUS 2001)

Household Industries

1.01%

Cultivators

73.45%

Agriculture labour

8.56%

Other workers

16.98%



• Water facility available in the study area- 2 Tap water connections. Well water is used in 13 villages, tank water in 2 villages, Tube well water in one village, River water in 1 village and springs water in 5 villages and 8 other water sources.

• In the study area, power supply for all purposes- Power for domestic purpose in 14 villages, power for agriculture in 28 villages, Power for other purposes in 28 villages and power for all purposes in 28 villages.

• There is only one post office.

• Communication within the study area is comparatively good. There are 16 bus stops in these villages. Only 11 villages are connected with pucca roads and 17 villages with mud roads and 17 footpath.

The company plans to have a residential colony for the employees of the

cement plant with all essential amenities, within the premises of the cement plant a part of which has already been constructed.

Health and medical care

A number of diseases are noticeable among the people. The diseases

which are common to the area are as follows: - Fever

- Acute respiratory infection (ARI)

- Acute gastro enteritis (AGE)

• Under the norms of comprehensive health policy one health centre is required per 5000 persons. The total population of the study area is 9105. The available medical facilities is not at all sufficient specialised medical services are available at the district Head Quarter level.

3.11 INDUSTRIES AROUND THE PROJECT AREA

A list of industries in the study area is given in Table 3.26 & summarised in

Fig 3.15.

TABLE 3.26 LIST OF INDUSTRIES IN STUDY AREA

Sl. No. Particulars Distance, km Direction

1. CMCL 4.0 SSW 2. JUD Cement 2.5 SE 3. Adhunik cement 2.9 SW 4. Hill cement 3.1 N 5. Green valley Cement 4.8 NNE 6. Meghalaya Mines & Minerals Ltd 5.00 SSW 7. ML 33.45 Ha of MCL 3.00 ENE



HILLS CEMENTS

ADHUNIK CEMENTJUD CEMENT

CMCL MINES

MEGALAYA MINES

10K

M R

AD

IUS

VILLAGE LOCATION

RIVER/CANAL

ROAD

PLANT SITE

PLANT SITE(MEGHALIYA

CEMENT LTD.)

CMCL PLANT

MINING LEASE (MCL)33.45 HECT.

AERIAL DISTANCE OF OTHER PLANTS FROM MCL PLANT

CMCL:- 4.0 KM

JUD CEMENT:- 2.5 KM

ADHUNIK CEMENT:- 2.9 KM

HILL CEMENT:- 3.1 KM

GREEN VALLEY CEMENT:- 4.8 KM

GREEEN VALLEY PLANT

INDUSTRIES AND MINE SITE

& MINERALS LTD.

MEGALAYA MINES & MINERALS LTD.

ML 33.45 HA OF MCL

5KM

3KM

ANCIENT CAVES

WATER SOURCEFOR MCL



3.12 PLACES OF TOURIST/RELIGIOUS/HISTORICAL INTEREST OR OTHER SENSITIVE TARGETS

There are no National Wild Life Parks or Sanctuaries or Reserve Forest

within 25 km distance or Reserve Forest. Around 5 km from the site, there are ancient caves named as Lumshnong

cave which lie in the southern direction from the plant. 3.13 ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS USING GIS

3.13.1 Air dispersion sensitivity analysis Dispersion sensitivity describes the ability of the area to disperse and dilute

the air pollutants owing to its ventilating capacity, climate, vegetative cover and nature of the earth surface. Generally, micrometeorology doesn’t play a major role in determining the dispersion sensitivity at regional level. It is rather the climate that is more important in regional planning. The plain areas have very good air circulation and hence dispersion is normal. Well ventilated regions can have relatively wholesome air, even though the rate of pollution is high, whereas poor ventilation deteriorates air quality of the area with only moderate rate of pollution. The dispersion sensitivity is categorized into ‘high’ , ‘medium’ , and ‘low’ as below:

High :

Areas upto 4.5H around an isolated hill(H is the height of the hill)

Upto 5 km from hill stretches(‘High” physiography areas) that act as barriers for dispersion of pollutants;

Areas with frequent inversion conditions or having extreme climatic conditions.

Medium : Areas falling within a distance of 5 to 10 km from the hill stretches (‘High’

physiography areas). Low: Areas beyond 10 km from the hill stretches(‘High’ physiography areas) Firstly, dispersion sensitivity map of the project area is prepared following

the below outlined steps:

Hilly areas or undulating area (high physiography area) is selected from Physiography map of Jaintia Hills District in which the site occurs

Area upto 5 km from such hilly areas is marked for high sensitive areas

Area upto 5-10 km from hilly area is marked to create medium sensitive area



Area upto 10 km from hilly area is considered as low sensitive area.

From the aforestated procedural steps the project area falls under high sensitive area and a vectoral layer of the same is created in the GIS domain and weightage of impact attached. The map of project area depicting inversion sensitivity zone is exhibited as Fig 3.16.

3.13.2 Aerial(Landuse) Sensitivity: The aerial (Land use) sensitivity of an area indicates the likely impacts on

the receiving environment due to air pollution. The air pollution sensitivity based on various zones of impact, is classified as ‘high’ , ‘medium’ , and ‘low’ on the basis of following characteristics:

High ;

Upto 2 km of sensitive zones (forests, monuments and other legally restricted areas, socially sensitive areas such as scenic areas, hill resorts etc.);

Upto 2 km of areas having very low air quality (exceeding standards);

Upto 25 km to sensitive zones such as sanctuaries;

25 km to major settlements/ urban areas where pollution level are already high and need protection.

Medium :

areas which are falling within a distance of 2 to 5 km from the sensitive zones and ‘low’ air quality areas; and

upto 2 km to areas where the level of pollutants, although not exceeding, is close to the permissible standards (‘medium’ quality areas).

Low:

areas where the ambient air quality is well within the permissible standards; and

5 km buffer sensitive zones and ‘low’ air quality areas and beyond 25 km of sensitive zones such as sanctuaries.

The aerial sensitive zonation is prepared by selecting the features from the

sensitive zones demarcation as stated above and air quality giving buffers as suggested above. The project area in the instant case is demarcated into sensitive zone as outlined in the foregoing paras and a raster map is prepared accordingly (Fig 3.17). Applying the above standards it is revealed that the project area falls under medium sensitive zone that is assigned a corresponding weightage.



Figure 3.15: Dispersion Sensitivity Map of Project area

Figure 3.17 : Aerial (Landuse Sensitivity) of Project area

Figure 3.16 : Dispersion sensitivity map of Project Area



3.13.3 Ground water potential delineation The ground water availability is determined by the ground water potential

map. The map is divided into three zones as ‘high’ , ‘medium’ , and ‘low’. This map is prepared by the information provided by the Central Groundwater Board and the hydrogeomorphological maps prepared by the National Remote Sensing Agency, Hyderabad. NRSA has prepared the hydrogeomorphological maps for all the districts in the Country in 1:2,50,000 scale. The delimitation is basically done depending on the geomorphic unit and associated hydrogeological characteristic. The project area is mapped accordingly for hydrogeomorphological characteristics and weightage attached to corresponding zones. A map of groundwater potential zonation of the project area prepared employing GIS techniques is at Fig 3.18.

3.13.4 Groundwater table depth The depth of groundwater table plays an important role in determining the

contamination risks to groundwater. Depending on the depth of water table below ground level(bgl) the ground water table is divided into three zone as stated below:

High : less than 5.0 m bgl Medium : 5-15 m bgl Low : more than 15.0 m bgl

Groundwater table map of the project area was prepared and differing

weightages attached depending on the category of groundwater table considering that high ground water table would need greater insulation against infiltration of toxic wasters. The area under consideration falls under medium groundwater table category and weightage is accorded similarly. A map of ground water table depth of the project area is at Fig 3.19.

3.13.5 Infiltration rate Infiltration rate plays an important role in determining the contamination risk

of groundwater. Depending on infiltration rate the area is divisible into high, medium and low zones. This map has been prepared with the help of hydrogeomorphological map of NRSA. High infiltration rates are found in those areas, which are having alluvial soil, lineaments and fault/fractured zones. Medium infiltration zones are those areas which are having unconsolidated, semi-consolidated, sedimental bedshaving sandstone, limestone, and shell formations. Low infiltration zones are those which are having granite, quartzite, and gneiss formations. In the area under consideration only low infiltration zones are found and weightage value is attached accordingly. A map of infiltration rate of the project area is at Fig 3.20 prepared employing GIS techniques.



Figure 3.18 : Ground Water Potential Regime of

Project area

Figure 3.19 : Ground Water Table Depth Zonation of

Project area



Figure 3.20 : Infiltration regime of project area Figure 3.21 : Groundwater pollution sensitivity map of Project area



3.13.6 Groundwater sensitivity Groundwater sensitivity details the risks to the groundwater due to locating

groundwater pollution activities viz disposal of effluents on land or solid/hazardous waste on land. It is identified by overlaying the groundwater protection needs and the groundwater contamination risks map which are intermediate maps and not printed. The groundwater protection needs are based on groundwater use, the groundwater quality, and groundwater potential. Since three parameters are involved, first an overlay of GW use and GW quality are made (overlay 1). Then an overlay of groundwater potential with overlay 1 is made to arrive at groundwater protection needs. It is seen that within an area of 3 kms radius from the plant, the groundwater protection sensitivity is of medium kind which ought to be considered as such since no solid waste disposal would take place beyond a radius of 3 kms from plant site. Further, no hazardous waste or liquid effluent disposal arises in the present case. A map of Ground water sensitivity of the project area prepared employing GIS overlay techniques narrated above is at Fig 3.21. The drainage-watershed map of the project area was given in Fig 3.1.

3.13.7 Surface water use sensitivity map The surface water use sensitivity can be defined as to what extent the use

of surface water is affected by the siting of a particular water polluting industry. The surface water use map is prepared on the drainage map with watersheds. The map includes ‘high zones’ and ‘medium zones’ on the basis of following parameters:

High

Watersheds (upto 15 km) of river/ stream/ water body stretches feeding:

Drinking water sources

Propagation of wildlife and fisheries

Dams/ reservoirs

Areas known to be dependent entirely on surface water sources for domestic water supply

Water used for fishing, pisciculture, contact water sports, and having other ecological sensitivity

Upto 25 km of wildlife sanctuaries Medium

High Agricultural use areas The steps involved in preparation of this map are given below: Step I : Selection of drainage map with watersheds and marking of all the

water supply intake points and areas known to be entirely dependent on surface water sources for domestic water supply.

Step II : Preparation of surface water use map showing high use zones as

per the classification given above.



The project area applying the above standards falls under low water use zone which could be allowed therefore since there would be no toxic effluent discharge from the Industry. Necessary safeguards would be taken against surface run off from storage yards and domestic effluents would be well treated and recycled so that there is no pollution of surface water through discharge. Since the project falls under low surface water use zone a corresponding weightage is attached for the purpose of impact assessment in the GIS environment. The surface water use map of project area is exhibited at Fig 3.22.

3.13.8 Surface water quality regime The thematic map of water quality in the project area is arrived at based on

loction of water polluting industries and the extent of pollution, the discharge points, monitoring results both primary and secondary, etc. The steps involved are as follows:

Step I : Selection of the drainage with watershed map. On this map the

location of polluting industries and other possible sources of water pollution are marked.

Step II: Based on sources of pollution, monitoring data, filed experiences,

social surveys, the zones of low, medium and high water quality are marked.

The resultant map for the project area is at Fig 3.23. The project area falls

under “high water quality” zone and an appropriate weightage (negative) is accorded while carrying out impact assessment employing GIS technique.

3.13.9 Surface water flow regime Surface water flow in a river helps as a dilution factor to effluents and in self

purification. The drains should be divided into three or more flow categories relative to each other. This is to be done to differentiate the different drains according to their dilution capacity. This is done on the basis of flow characteristics in the project area. The distinguishing criteria are as below:

High : Perennial flow Medium: seasonal with good flow Low : Seasonal with insignificant flow The different streams are divided into the above categories depending on

nature of the stream. In high surface water flow, the dilution factor being high, the surface water pollution sensitivity is low and in low surface water flow, the dilution factor being low the surface water pollution sensitivity is high. The surface water flow map is prepared through following steps:

Step I: Selection of the drainage with watershed map. Identification of high,

medium and low flow rivers.



Figure 3.22 : Surface water use regime for Project area Figure 3.23 : Surface water quality regime for Project Area



Step II: Buffering 5 km to high flow rivers. The area covered by the buffer zone is treated as ‘high flow zone’.

Step III: Buffering 5 km to medium flow rivers. The buffer zone is regarded as ‘medium flow zone’.

Step IV: All the other watersheds are treated as ‘low’ flow zones. The map was prepared following above steps. The project area falls under

‘medium water flow’ zone and an appropriate weightage is attached for the purpose of GIS impact assessment analysis. The map is at Fig 3.24.

3.13.10 Surface water pollution sensitivity regime The water pollution sensitivity shows the risks on the environment from

water pollution. The ‘High’ sensitivity of an area indicates that the area has very high risk and will have higher impact and low water polluting industries are considered suitable. In ‘medium’ sensitivity zones medium and low water polluting industries are considered suitable. The surface water pollution sensitivity map is prepared based on surface water use, surface water quality and surface water flow maps by unionizing them. Since three parameters are considered, first an overlay of surface water use and surface water quality are made(overlay 1) using GIS technique. The overlay of surface water flow with overlay 1 is made to arrive at surface water sensitivity map. The resultant map through the aforestated overlay techniques is at Fig 3.25. The project area falls within ‘high ’ surface water pollution sensitivity area. Notwithstanding the latter since the Industry is nil water polluting industry considering that no liquid effluents and domestic sewage would be discharged into the water bodies and all precaution would be observed against surface run off reaching the water bodies, through prescription of suitable management techniques the project could be permitted. For the purpose of impact assessment through GIS technique a suitable weightage is attached to this parameter.

With PC ARC/INFO 9.1 Version the vulnerability grade maps were overlaid

alongwith distribution maps of all factors after computing the weights of the factors through eigen vector method with the help of a software developed for the purpose. The weightage arrived at through eigenvector method was cross checked adopting least square method. The difference being negligible the eigen vector method was accepted to be correct. The fractional values were rounded off to whole integers in case of each of the environmental factors (air pollutants).

3.14 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF CORE PROJECT AREA OF

MEGHALAYA CEMENTS LTD A digital elevation model is a list of x,y,z coordinates(eastings, northings

and elevations) arranged efficiently in a computer file. The x,y,z coordinates merely record a selection of points from the land surface in the same way that a list of s,y coordinates can represent an arbitrary curve on graph paper. The most common type of DEM records elevations on a regular grid. When the elevations at the grid intersections are recorded in a regular



Fig 3.24 : Surface Water Flow Map of Project area Figure 3.25 : Surface water pollution sensitivity map of Project area



fashion from left to right and line by line, then the data are in a raster format. This format is the same as digital image files and therefore permits manipulation and analysis of DEMs by standard image processing software (Lamb et al., 1987). Although the DEM raster format is most commonly used for data analysis and manipulations, DEMs are captured in a great variety of forms.

3.14.1 Generation of ancillary data DEM and NDVI data layers were used as additional bands (referred as

ancillary data) to perform multisource classification. Production of DEM

In high altitudes and rugged terrain, a major variation in the brightness values of pixels can be found due to the presence of shadows. This may lead to erroneous classification. It has been well documented in the past that in mountainous areas image variance can be affected by the topographic effect (Holben and Justice, 1981; Hall-Konyves, 1987) and the reflectance anisotropy of vegetated surfaces (Irons et al., 1987; 1991; Kriebel, 1978). It is well documented that DEM reduces misclassification of shadowed areas to waterbodies. Morever, the elevation information from DEM could also act as a logical rule to eliminate the presence or absence of certain classes in some elevation zones. DEM was extracted by providing Z value to the contour information and further employing ‘create surface’ sub-menu of ‘data preparation’ icon of ERDAS Imagine(9.1 Version). The DEM was registered and “rubber sheeted” to the LISS III data with a 1.5-pixel error tolerated in the resampling. The contours of the core project area were already shown in Fig 3.1. The DEM generated is shown in Fig 3.26. The DEM draped to LISS IV FCC is shown in Fig 3.27.

As the study area is dominated by different types of vegetation. NDVI was

used as an ancillary data layer in the classification process to enhance the separability among vegetation classes and reduce the shadow effect perpetrated by variations in topography. The NDVI data layer was generated from Red and NIR bands of LISS-III image

In rugged environments of North East it is safest to use DEM and NDVI data

layers in addition to satellite data to perform enhanced classification accuracy and resultant land cover classification output maps especially in small areas of less than 50 Ha(.5 sq km). The resultant analysis shows that a sizaeable patch of vegetated land appears in the plant area (core project area) which would serve as green lung which would not be disturbed in future. There is also evidence of green belt program already underway.

The details of the Digital Elevation Modelling are given in Annexure XVII.



Fig 3.26 : DEM of core project area (b) NDVI layer

Fig: 3.27 DEM draped with False Colour Composite of LISS IV Satellite Imagery



CHAPTER 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.1 GENERAL ASPECTS Keeping in mind the environmental baseline scenario as detailed in Chapter

3 and the proposed project activities described in Chapter 2, it is attempted to assess the likely impacts, its extent on various environmental parameters and likely mitigation measures to be adopted. Measures to be taken have necessarily been in the hierarchical order of preventive, protective and the management category. Normally, preventive action is the best action but such an action is not necessarily technically feasible for constraints of the jobs, equipment design etc. and are some times very costly. In general, the important environmental parameters associated with cement sector projects are as follows:

- Surface water quality

- Air quality

- Land quality

- Forests

- Terrestrial wildlife

- Noise

- Land use

- Aesthetics

- Resettlement

- Archaeological/historic significance

- Public health

- Socio-economics The beneficial impacts anticipated from cement sector projects, irrespective

of their relevance to the proposed project, are as follows:

- Employment opportunities

- Enhancement of local industry and handicrafts

- Rural development through industrialisation and cash flow

- Marketing of agricultural products

- Opening up of opportunities for new occupations

- Improved quality of life



4.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.2.1 Impact on air quality A. Construction phase Sources of air pollution, during the construction phase will be:

- Vehicle exhausts for transport of materials

- Dust generation due to excavation work, shifting of construction materials (cement, steel, sand and gravel), vehicle movement on unpaved roads and concrete preparation plant.

- Exhaust from construction equipment like compressors, DG sets, heavy earth moving machinery etc.

Primary impact from these sources on air quality will be high dust

generation resulting into increased SPM levels in the surrounding areas. Possibility of impairement of visibility of the dust may not be there. Further, movement of construction equipment for these operations as well as for transport of material will lead to increased level of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO in the surrounding areas. Thus, adverse impacts on air quality are envisaged. The secondary impacts of air emissions, dust as well as other emission will be the effect on the health of the labour force working in close vicinity to the sources. Secondary impacts of air emission could also effect the flora and crops due to dust deposition, if proper control measures are not adopted. It may be noted that the cement plant has already been constructed and is operational and its capacity will be increased only by carrying out certain modifications, hence construction activities involved will be relatively of limited dimentions. However construction activities of CPP will be there.

B. Operation phase During operation phase, emissions from various types of industries vary

from one another in terms of quality and quantity of emissions, production capacity of the plant, type of fuel used, type and complexity of the process employed, use of air pollution control measures and degree of maintenance enforced. The factoral emissions from different activities will enable the total load to be known and linked to the receptor point by use of dispersion models.

The production capacity of the existing 900TPD plant will become 2600TPD

(0.858 MTPA) of cement after expansion. A CPP of 18 MW capacity, also forms part of the expansion. Information on proposed machinery and control system were collected. From such information, impacts on air environment due to the proposed expansion of the cement plant and CPP are predicted.



B.1 Fugitive Emissions

The fugitive emissions during operation will mainly be due to transportation

of raw material by road transport during which the fine material from loaded trucks can become airborn by flying from the speeding trucks and also by the dust becoming airborn from the tyre-road intraction especially from unpavedroads. The fugitive emissions will also be contributed from the material handling area within the plant where dozing, loading and conveying (belt conveyors) equipment will be the pollution sources besides the transport trucks mentioned above. Adequate control measures have been sugested further in this chapter which lead to conclude that it will be possible to control the fugitive emission to such an extent that contribution to air pollution from them will be inconsiderable.

B.2 Other Emissions

Impacts on air environment due to the proposed expansion of the cement

plant and CPP are predicted based on the micro-meteorological data collected at site during one season.

i. Air Emissions from combustion sources

In cement plant, there is no requirement of a boiler or any other

independent combustion equipment. Pre-heaters, part of cement manufacturing, use powdered coal combustion, release process emissions. Also because of combustion gases having to pass through alkaline solid materials, active gases such as SO2 and NOx are emitted in insignificant quantities. Hence impact of such gases on the environment are negligible.

Air emission from D.G. sets could be considered negligible for their

infrequent use for short intervals under planned/unplanned power shut-downs. CPP will be another source from where SO2 and NOx will be generated besides SPM.

Because of large amount of materials to be transported, automobile

emissions can be a source of air pollution. The main raw material limestone will be available from the captive adjoining mines, hence will not involve transportation over long routes except when the 33.45ha ML mine will be exploted at later date, the limestone of which will have to be transported over 3 kms. However, other raw materials for cement manufacture will continued to be transported by trucks, which will contribute to the air pollution. Finished products (clinker and cement) will be transported through truck transport on metal road. Hence, automobile emission from truck movements for finished product would contribute to air pollution.

ii Process emission

Process emission in a cement industry, including the captive TPP, can be

considered to be mainly suspended particulate matter (SPM) with a considerable proportion being respirable particulate matter. However, other



gaseous pollutants are also generated as mentioned below. In the proposed plant, best control measures will be adopted. Typical anticipated emission levels of the four major stacks are given in Table 4.1.

TABLE 4.1

CHARACTERISTICS OF PROPOSED STACKS Sl. Stack name Height Dia Temp Exit gas Emission rate

No. (m) (m) (°C) Volume (m

3/s)

SPM (mg/Nm

3)

SO2 (kg/hr)

NOx (mg/Nm

3)

CO (mg/Nm

3)

1 Cooler ESP 30.50 1.800 130 15.100 55.39 38.64 62.54 - 2 Primary crusher 21.00 1.190 30 5.721 46.77 - - - 3 Secondary crusher 13.00 1.000 31 4.680 60.19 - - - 4 RABH (Kiln & Raw

mill) 47.35 3.000 114 62.807 64.92 150.0 143.86 -

5 Coal mill 37.00 1.180 70 7.730 48.55 55.52 111.82 1.62 6 Cement mill 20.57 1.200 74 8.047 52.41 - - - 7 Packing plant 7.55 0.595 30 4.120 43.01 - - - 8 Power plant 71.00 2.500 145 52.770 75.00 165 - -

iii Air pollution dispersion modelling

Different types of mathematical models are available for short term

prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLC's) of air pollutants. These models deal with different types of atmospheric dispersion computations, air pollution sources, topographic features and comprehend to different types of atmospheric conditions. The available mathematical models require the input of stack characteristics such as diameter, height, source strength, meteorological data and computer resources to handle the available inputs. Keeping the mentioned facts in view, one has to identify a proper and suitable model applicable to the characteristics of source and prevailing topographic conditions to enable GLC to be known at any location under a variety of factoral changes.

Where : X(x, y, z) = Ground level concentration of pollutant in micro g/cum at the point with

co-ordinates (x,y,z). x = Down wind distance in m. y = Cross wind distance in m. z = Vertical distance in m. he = Effective stack height in m. Q = Pollutant emission rate in µg/sec.

σy = Standard deviation of pollutant plume width in cross wind direction in m.

σz = Standard deviation of pollutant plume width in vertical direction in m. Up = Mean stack top wind speed in m/sec.

X(x,y,z) = exp( ) [exp{ }]+[exp{ }] Q

2πσyσzUp

1 (y2)

2 σy2

1 (z-he)2

2 σz2

1 (z+he)2

2 σz2



The stacks will be situated very near to each other. Therefore, these stacks are identified as elevated continuous point sources.

The modelling is based on hourly meteorological data collected at the plant

site during the winter season (November,2007 to January, 2008). 24 hour average incremental GLCs have been predicted for the proposed plant for multi stack dispersion modeling using double Gaussian diffusion equation : IS 8829-1978 as per ‘Assessment of Impact to Air Environment : Guidelines for Conducting Air Quality Modelling’ by CPCB, Delhi, (PROBES/70/1997-98). Various parameters like directional wind speeds and corresponding stability classes have been given in Annexure XVIII. Major pollutants of the source would be SPM, SO2, NOx and CO.

iv. Ground level concentration

The method of calculation and assumptions made in the model for GLC

calculation are given in detail in Annexure XVIII and the results are also depicted in Fig 4.1, 4.2 4.3 and 4.4. 24 hours average incremental GLCs are summarised in Table 4.2.

TABLE 4.2

CALCULATED GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) (TOWARDS THREE PREDOMINANT WIND DIRECTIONS)

Directions Maximum concentrations (µg/m3) at 500 m from stack1

SPM SO2 NOx CO

E 17.38 7.99 8.77 0.03

ENE 7.72 10.43 11.07 0.03

WSW 4.49 5.62 4.83 0.01

The three most predominant wind directions excluding calm conditions were

observed during the monitoring period are towards E, ENE and WSW directions for 19.52%, 19.47% and 8.52% of time respectively during the monitoring period. The GLCs are lesser than the first predominant downwind direction in case of the second and third predominant downwind directions. From the above Table, it can be observed that the anticipated 24 hours average GLC’s will be maximum as 17.38, 10.43, 11.07 and 0.03 µg/m3 in respect of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO respectively.

These concentrations, when superimposed over the existing maximum

concentrations show that the air quality will be only marginally unaffected with meagre rise in pollutants levels. It is, therefore, concluded that the ambient air quality will undergo minor change and will remain within the ambient air quality standards as the background values are maximum 80 microgramm/cum.



PLANT SITE

PLANT SITE



v. Air Emission due to transportation

The incremental values of pollutants SPM, SO2, NOx and CO have been

calculated by Fugitive Dust Model and are given below at various distances:

Distance from Road Edge, ‘m’

Concentration (µµµµg/m3)

SPM SO2 NOx CO

25 0.023 4.2 46.62 17.73 50 0.01 1.84 20.46 7.78 75 0.006 1.15 12.77 4.85

The details are given in Annexure XXI and GLC are shown in Fig 4.5. 4.2.2 Mitigation measures A. Construction phase During construction phase, effective mitigating measures will be adopted to

reduce the primary impact on air environment to the minimum. These include effective water sprinkling over the transport roads (especially unpaved) and over the areas where loose materials (including earth works) are handeled (excavated, loaded and unloaded) which will reduce the pollution due to dust. The machinery used in construction will be well maintained, regularly overhauled and tuned which will prevent air pollution due to exhaust emissions. In this way, it is anticipated that the air pollution during construction will be negligible and will remain well below the prescribed limits og CPCB/SPCB.

B. Operation phase B.1 Fugitive emissions

It is proposed to cover the trucks loaded with raw material by tarpauline to

prevent the matrial from becoming airborn during transportation. It is also proposed to sprinkle water over the roads (especlly unpaved) to privent dust from becoming airborn as a result of tyre-road intraction in and around the plant area.

Bag filters will be installed at all material transfer points and material

conveying systems - air slides, bucket elevators etc. Luffing belt conveyors will be used for stacking the -80 mm size limestone to reduce the falling height and hence to reduce dust generation. Gypsum and coal will be received in wet condition, hence, will not require any specific control measures. All raw material storages and conveyors will be covered.

B.2 Other emissions

During operation phase, control measures for all gaseous emissions and

their control are outlined below:



EN E

E

ES E

N N EN

C AL M

N W

W

W N W

N N W

SSES

SW

W SW

SSW SE

N E

15-20 km /hr

A bove 20 km /hr

10-15 km /hr

5-10 km /hr

1 -5 km /hr

15105

% of rea dings

0

P LA NT S ITE

25M

5 0M75M

C R O ADL

2 5M

50M75M

C RO ADL

25M

50M75M

C RO ADL

2 5M

50M75M

C RO ADL

V ILLA G E LO C A TIO N

R IVE R /C A N AL

R O A D

PLA N T S ITE

G LC C O N TO U R S PM

G LC C O N TO U R N O X

G LC C O N TO U R C O

G LC C O N TO U R SO 2

P LAN T

P LAN T

P LAN T

P LA N T

C O N NE CTIN G RO AD



a. Air emissions

Pollution control equipment with adequate capacity are proposed to be

installed to avoid degradation of air environment. The main stacks emitting most of the SPM emission are given in Table 4.3

along with the proposed air pollution control equipment.

TABLE 4.3 MAIN STACKS AND SPM CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Sl. Stack name Height Dia SPM control equipment

Max. SPM emission in

mg/Nm3 No. (m) (m)

1 Clinker cooler 30.50 1.800 ESP 55.39 2 Primary crusher 21.00 1.190 BAG HOUSE 46.77 3 Secondary crusher 13.00 1.000 BAG HOUSE 60.19 4 RABH (kiln & raw mill) 47.35 3.000 BAG HOUSE 64.92 5 Coal mill 37.00 1.180 BAG HOUSE 48.55 6 Cement mill 20.57 1.200 BAG HOUSE 52.41 7 Packing plant 7.55 0.595 BAG HOUSE 43.01 8 Power plant 71.00 2.500 ESP 75.00

Pollutionn control equipment for outlet of raw mill & kiln has got two options,

namely : ESP and bag filter, both are extensively used by large cement plants. ESP has got the advantage of low pressure loss, high temperature adaptability and low recurring cost. However, tripping due to system failure is rather common & frequent, requiring very high degree of maintenance.

Bag filters are also available for high temperature (upto 260°C on

continuous basis and 280°C for a shorter period). Pressure loss is high and maintenance cost is very high as it requires regular replacement of bags which have to be imported. If the sysstem fails due to process disturbance and temperature increases, fresh air is automatically drawn in, to maintain the temperature of gases within permissible temperature range. Bag filters are being successfully & satisfactorily used by many cement plants having excellent environmental cleanliness. For the main stack, bag filter offers to be a better choice from environmental point of view. Emission levels are generally low in case of bag filter compared to that of ESP.

For clinker cooler, ESP will be the only choice. Multicyclone will not be able

to maintain emission level below 50 mg/Nm3. Use of efficient multi channel burners is envisaged to keep NO2 emission low. This plant has planned to adopt latest technology for low NOx generation in its precalcinator. ESP will also be provided for controlling the emissions from captive power plant. Thus, it is proposed to restrict the emission to within the stipulated norms. This in combnation with adequate height of the stacks will help in keeping the incremental values of pollutats to the bare minimum levels as has been proved by dispersion modelling study. In this way, it is anticipated that the air pollution during operation will be meagre and will remain well below the prescribed limits of CPCB/SPCB in respect of stack emissions standards as well as ambient air quality standards.



4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT AND TRAFFIC DENSITY 4.3.1 Impact on noise level A. Construction phase Noise levels in the vicinity of any construction activity increase due to

running of bull-dozers, excavators, transport vehicles, pile drivers, portable generators, mechanical machinery such as cranes, riveting machines, hammering etc. These activities will run round the clock. Noise pollution thus created, particularly during the night, may affect the human habitation, which, however, in this case is not there in the immediate vicinity. The primary impact of noise level would be mainly on workers engaged on high noise generating machines. Increase of noise level at night can produce disturbance causing sleeplessness in people in the near vicinity of the site.

As already mentioned, only construction activities related to CPP will be mainly involved, the cement plant has alreay been constructed and will be required to undergo certain modifications only, hence resulting into limited activities generating noise. However there is no habitation in the nearby vicinity & as such no adverse impact.

B. Operation phase During operation phase, the noise levels near the sources such as raw

material mill, ball mill and diesel generator set will be higher but they are operational at present also, hence the additional impact will be negligible.. The traffic involved for transportation of finished product by road will also cause nuisance to the habitation along the roads but this activity is already going on, hence only marginal increase is anticipated.

The noise levels at sources like the cement mill are anticipated to go as

high as 100-105 dB(A). various noise generating sources of cement plant are already existing and will not contribute to noise levels by their expanded capacity, only the proposed CPP will be a new additional source of noise which would contribute marginally to the nose levels. The general noise levels within core zone are expected to remain below 75 dB(A). However, the noise levels will attenuate to the background values beyond the core zone and the levels are not expected to rise beyond 60 dB(A) in the study area. The noise levels generated by various equipments are given in Table 4.4.

TABLE 4.4

NOISE POLLUTION LEVEL OF THE EQUIPMENTS

Equipments Noise Level in dB (A)

Mills 86 - 100 Forced draft fan 85 - 100 Induced draft fan 76 - 97

Compressors 82 - 105 Turbo generator 90



For example, the day and night time Leq within core zone at 3 locations (Road opposite to Raw Mill, Inbetween crusher and clay shed and Inbetween cement mill and Elect. SS) were found between 73.39-67.65, 57.5-56.93 and 68.06-67.03 dB(A) respectively. These will increase not more than by 3 db(A) by future expansion activities.

The damage risk criteria as enforced by OSHA and CPCB to reduce

hearing loss, stipulates the noise levels up to 90 dB(A) as acceptable limits for 8 hour working shift per day. Noise levels will, however, exceed the prescribed limits in certain work places. At these work places, workers will be posted for shorter durations only. Operations and maintenance personnel will not be exposed to the high levels for reasons of the control operations conducted from sealed cabins as is being presently practiced. The OSHA damage risk criteria are reproduced in Annexure VIII and the Ambient Air Quality Standard in respect of noise is given in Annexure IX.

4.3.2 Mitigation measures

The noise generation will be reduced at source by erecting noise

dampening enclosures, by maintaining the machines and greasing them regularly. The vehicles are and will be equipped with silencers. The equipments shall be provided with acoustic shields or enclosures to limit the sound level inside the plant, the existing equipment already have these provisions. The secondary protective measures will be adopted at receptor points to reduce negative impact due to high noise levels.

All the workers engaged at and around high noise generating sources are

and shall be provided with ear protection devices like ear mufflers/plugs. Their place of attending the work will be changed regularly so as to reduce their exposure duration to high levels. They will be regularly subjected to medical check-up for detecting any adverse impact on the ears.

The existing and proposed green belt will also help to prevent noise

generated within the plant from spreading beyond the plant boundary in its own limited way. The following measures will be taken up to keep the noise levels with in permissible limits.

a) Provision and maintenance of thick green belt to screen noise b) Proper maintenance of noise generating machinery including

transportation vehicles c) Provision of air silencers to modulate the noise generated by the

machines/equipments d) Reducing the exposure time of workers to the higher noise levels by

rotation e) Proper encasement of noise generating sources will be done to control

noise level. Besides, ear muffs/plugs will be provided to the workers in the close vicinity of noise source.

f) Provision will be made for special vibration dampners and monitoring to prevent propagation of vibration to surrounding areas.



All workers working in noise borne area will be regularly subjected to medical check-up for detecting any adverse impact on their TLV of hearing.

The above control measures have already been adopted in existing

machinery/plant which are very successful as is clear from the monitoring results.

4.3.3 Impact on traffic density Because of large amount of materials to be transported, there will be a

considerable increase in the traffic density of the area. However, in the present case, raw materials will be mainly transported by conveyors run by electric power within the premises. Finished products will be transported through truck transport on metal road upto Silchar (115km), Shillong (125 km), Guwahati (250km) etc. Truck movement between plant and destinations carrying finished product shall be 10 tonners. Hence, traffic increase from truck movements would be mainly for finished product besides the traffic due to coal fuel transportation for the CPP. Table 4.5 shows the increase in traffic due to various activities.

TABLE 4.5

CUMULATIVE INCREASE IN TRAFFIC DUE TO VARIOUS ACTIVITIES FOR MEGHALAYA CEMENT PLANT

Sl No.

Particulars Annual tonnage, T

Daily tonnage*

Transportation distribution

No of trips

Traffic per day

I Cement Plant

1. Clinker 858000 2600 100% by road through 20T trucks to Guahati

130 260

2. Coal for cement plant

126000 381.16 100% by road through 20T trucks

19 38

3. Iron ore 2121 6.4272 100% by road through 20T trucks

0.32 0.64

4. Clay/shale 5302 16.068 100% by road through 20T trucks

0.8 1.6

5. Fly ash 10000 30.3 Inhouse consumption 0 0 Total for

Cement Plant 992423 3007 150 300

CPP

6. Coal 70000 212 100% by road through 20T trucks

10.6 21.2

Grand Total 11,955,000 36231 161 322 * Based on 330 days operation

The present capacity of the plant is 900TPD which wil become 2600 TPD

after expansion. It means that the present contribution to traffic is (900/2600)322=111 and therefore, the additional traffic load due to expansion will become 322-111=211.

NH-44 is currently 2-lane road. The present traffic density on this road is

2825 which will increase by (211/2825)100=7.46%. This is meagre contribution and no appreciable adverse impact is anticipated on the trafic due to our activities.



4.3.4 Mitigation measures for traffic The plant site is located at a distance of 700m from the National Highway

(NH-44). The road is capable of handling the increase in the traffic as there is very less traffic on the road at present. The finished production (Clinker) from the plant is proposed to be transported by road. However, following control measures will be adopted to reduce the impact of increase in traffic density :

1. Erection of traffic signals at strategic locations 2. Employment of only experienced drivers with good records 3. Regular training to drivers 4. Maintenance of roads from time to time 5. Regular safety awarenes training and tests of drivers

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 4.4.1 Impact on water sources No ground water is proposed for withdrawal and therefore, no adverse

impact at it, is anticipated. The water withdrawal from the Chynryntong-Umparty river will not cause any adverse impact on the surface water regime as there are plenty of rains and this rainwater will be obstructed and withdrawn.

No impact on local water acquifers is anticipated as no change in water

recharge or no water abstraction from them is proposed. 4.4.2 Impact on water quality A. During construction

During construction phase, the requirement of water will be on account of

concrete mixing and curing or cooling water for various machinery, usage in sprays and sprinklers for dust suppression, irrigation for plantation and for landscaping with decorative plants and lawns. There will be around 100 workers who will be coming from nearby villages. All these requirements may add upto 100 cum of fresh water per day. No industrial effluent will be generated hence no industrial sludge generated.

B. During operation The existing water requirement is 792.9 M3/day The additional water requirement for the proposed expansion is estimated

at 500 M3/day (TEFR) for the cement plant and 2784 M3/day (116 M3/hour) for 18MW CPP. The additional water requirements will also be met from the existing source (Chynryntong - Umparti river located at an areal distance of about 4.1 km from the plant).



This water will be used as makeup water for the following: Cement plant

1. Makeup water for recircuilating cooling water for cement plant 2. Process water for cement plant 3. Drinking water for colony and cement plant

It is to be noted that the water utilised in activities mentioned at sl no 1 and

2 will be fully consumed and no waste water will be generated.

The water used at sl no 3 will generate domestic waste water to the tune of 80% of the used water which will be treated as given further under mitigation measures.

Captive Power Plant

Water requirement for CPP {2784 M3/day (116 M3/hour)}

The effluent generation from the CPP will be as follows:

- “DM plant regeneration chemicals” 0.5 M3/hour - Waste water from potable water system 1.5 M3/hour - Boiler blow down 2.0 M3/hour - CT blow down 28 M3/hour - Waste water from clarifier 8 M3/hour

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 40 M3/hour --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Appropriate treatment is envisaged for the effluents under mitigation measures. The water used for domestic purposes including the expanded activities will be 150 M3/day from where 120 M3/day sewage waste water will be generated for which control measures are proposed further.

Therefore, no adverse impacts on the surrounding area are anticipated whether related to soil pollution or surface or ground water pollution.


a) Domestic Effluent

There is only domestic effluent from the sanitation facilities in the plant as

well as from the colony to the tune of 120 M3/day. The domestic waste water will be treated in the sewage treatment plant, based on activated sludge process. The treated waste water will be utilized quantitatively for green belt and plantation in the area.

The plant will be based on zero discharge principle. Thus there is no

discharge of effluents envisaged from the plant.



B) Industrial Effluent

To prevent water pollution by oil/grease and sewage waste, following

control measures are proposed to be implemented:

- Leak proof containers will be used for storage and transportation of oil. - Water quality monitoring will be done regularly. - Workshop effluent will be passed through pit / grease trap and

recirculated. - “demineralisation plant regeneration chemicals” will be first led to the

neutralisation pit and then to the common effluent pit - Waste water from potable water system, Boiler blow down, CT blow

down and Waste water from clarifier will be directly led to the common effluent pit

- Thus about 40 M3/hour treated water will be available from the common effluent pit which will be used for dust supression, gardening etc.

4.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 Landscape / Reforestation a. Mines

Due care shall be taken during the mining operations to preserve the

landscaping. No adverse impact on drainage is anticipated as there are only 1st order drainage channels within ML, however, the topography will change due to mining and dumping. The mining concept foresees the refilling of mine pit partly by overburden as soon as part of it is fully exploited. This will reduce the requirement of a dump area for OB. Similary, afforestation of the overburden dump will be done. It is expected that about 20% of the mined area will be backfilled. The pit left without backfilling would be used for plantation. The strata being of fractured nature, any rain water will just seep into the ground which shall have a positve effect on the overall hydrography of the area. The conceptual plan of 33.45 ha ML is shown in Fig 4.6.

b. Plant and colony

Due care shall be taken to keep the natural settings/greenery in and around

the plant and colony. The plant and colony layout shall be developed keeping in view the above and also for rain water harvesting. No adverse impact on drainage has taken place as there are only 1st order drainage channels within Plant area and due care is being taken to not to disturb them to the minimum. The topography has also not been affected as the area is almost plain.

The colony is being suitably located, keeping in view prevalent wind direction so that any possible dust nuisance can be avoided to the maximum possible extent. For the purpose of landscaping, it is intended to plant trees and bushes wherever it is possible & practical. In addition, trees/saplings would be planted all along the plant roads & boundary.



1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

910

11

121314

15161718

192021

22

23

24

2526 27

2829

30

3132

33

34 3536

37

38

3940

41

4243 44

45 4647 48 49

50

5152

53 54

55

5657

58

59

60

61

6263 64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73 74

757677

78

7980

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

8889

90

91

92

93

94

95

UP TO 5TH YEAR

6THTO 10TH YEAR

11TH TO END OF MINE

PLANTATION / GREEN BELT (6TH TO 10TH YEAR)

PLANTATION / GREEN BELT (5TH YEAR)

PLANTATION

PLANTATION / GREEN BELT 11TH TO END OF MINE LIFE

MINING PITS 11TH TO END OF MINE LIFE

MINING PITS (5TH YEAR)

MINING PIT (6TH TO 10TH YEAR)

ML BOUNDARY

PIT BOUNDARY



c. Rain water harvesting

As discussed above, the plant layout would be evolved in such a manner so

that rain water collected in the plant area is collected and stored which can be used for plant operation and also have a positive affect on the overall hydrography of the area.

4.5.2 Effluent and waste a. Sewage treatment

The technical concept of the plant includes the provision of a sewerage

system for the collection and disposal of sewage from the plant and colony. The sewage will be mechanically and biologically treated in a common sewage treatment plant. While the treated water shall be reused for the industrial purposes and gardening, the sewage sludge, which is the excellent manure, shall be spread out in the area where afforestation is proposed. There are no other process effluents in the cement plant

During construction, soil (which is generally absent) at the project site will be removed. During site clearance there may be some accumulation of boulders at site. However, this will be done only on temporary basis. At the end of the construction, the soil will be stabilized at the unpaved areas with the help of plantation activities. More than 33% of the area has been envisaged to be covered with plantation including green belt. Since the plant species will be capable of checking soil erosion, the soil will be fully stabilised without any adverse change in erosion potential of the area.

No effluent will be disposed, so no adverse impact on soil is anticipated. b. Solid waste

Depending on the type of the industry, the problem of handling waste varies

accordingly. However, the solid waste treatment and disposal are not applicable to this plant as all solid wastes generated will be recycled in the process. No net-solid wastes generated will be available for disposal. Some amount of solid waste contaminated with ground dust will be collected during floor sweeping. This will be disposed off as landfill.

The municipal solid waste generated from the plant and the colony will be

segregated and separated as combustible and non-combustibles wastes. The combustible wastes will be used as fuel in the kiln. This will solve the problem of solid waste disposal and will also reduce the fuel requirement for the kiln. The kiln will act as an incinerator in this case. The non-combustible wastes will be landfilled for composting and other (non-compostable) waste will be sold to the authorised recycling vendors. Therefore, no adverse impact on soil is anticipated from the solid waste.



c. Hazardous waste

The hazardous waste like transformer oil, spent oil etc will be utilized in kiln

as a source of high calorific fuel which will also reduce the fuel consumption and solve the problem of hazardous waste disposal. Therefore, no adverse impact is anticipated on soil due to hazardous waste..

d. Soil

The solid waste which will be used for landfill is basically ground dust which

has no toxic elements as constituents. Hence the question of soil contamination, by the way of disposal of soil waste, does not arise. As explained in para ‘a’, ’b’ and ‘c’ above, no adverse impact on soil is anticipated due to sewage sludge, combustible, compostable and hazardous waste

4.5.3 Land use

The land required for the proposed Meghalaya Cement Ltd. is 59.269

hectares, which has already been acquired by the Company. The present land use was given in Chapter 3. The anticipated land use change is shown in Table 4.6.

TABLE 4.6

ANTICIPATED CHANGE IN LAND USE WITHIN PROJECT AREA

Sl. No.

Particulars Area, ha Percentage

1. Plant area 11.898 20.07 2. Road 7.759 13.09 3. Truck Yard 0.227 0.38 4. Limestone stock yard 2.245 3.79 5. Colony 4.549 7.68 6. Office & Store 0.733 1.24 7. Garage & Workshop 0.962 1.62 8. Proposed Power Plant 4.500 7.59 9. Green belt area 20.143 33.99

10. Balance area 6.253 10.55 Total 59.269 100.00

The table shows that the plant area will be surrounded by wide green belt

with about one third the area of the plant. About 4.5 Ha area will be used for the proposed CPP.

Suitable disposal methods shall be adopted for the accumulated garbage so

that it cannot have adverse impact on land environment through fouling of soil and atmosphere. The environmental upkeep will be given to a contractor of repute and the operations will be regularly supervised by MCL. At the end of the construction, the soil will be stabilized with the help of plantation activities. Hence no adverse impacts are anticipated.



4.6 ECOLOGY 4.6.1 Impact on ecology During construction phase, there will hardly be any negative impacts on

terrestrial eco-system comprising birds and animals as the main plant is already constructed and is operational. On the contrary, with progressive growth of greenery, terrestrial eco-system will improve in course of time. Due to excess hunting of birds and animals, around, animal life is very less, hence adverse impact on biological environment will be negligible. The air pollutants will be the dust generated during earth moving activities and emissions from vehicles, portable diesel generators, etc.

Though the site is located within barren land, the impact zone is part of

landscape involving rural areas. There is growth of vegetation and meagre presence of fauna. Impacts on biological environment will be negligible during the operational phase. The dust emission will affect the effective photosynthesis and biological processes by covering the plant/tree leaves by thin dust layer during dry months which however will be washed away on rainy days. It may be noted that are plenty of rains, hence photosynthesis is not anticipated to be effected. Operation activities will have some impact on the eco-system as follows:

a. Impacts on fauna

Bright light and unusual noise during operation activity could shift the

activity site of the birds and animals to little away from the location of the plant site but this is not the case with this project as it is already operational and the scenario has already been established. Presence of water and food wastes during the day time will attract birds and animals towards the site.

Due to excessive hunting the animals & birds are hardly seen on the

fringes. They go deep inside the jungle and stay there. So, during the operation phase, there will hardly be any negative impact on the biological environment comprising birds and animals. On the contrary, with the progressive growth of greenery, biological terrestrial environment will improve in due course of time.

b. Impacts on flora

During operation phase, main pollutants will be from stack emission and

some coarse dust (from material handling activities), emission from vehicles, etc. There would be meagre impact of such pollutants on vegetation and crops, since the predicted levels will be much less than the levels specified for industrial and mixed use areas. Waste water from domestic and other facilities will be released only after treatment in sewage treatment plant and will be used for irrigation of plantation areas.



c. Impact on aquatic eco-system

Impact on aquatic eco-system will be negligible as no polluted water will be

released into natural drainage channels. The whole plant is base on zero water discharge concept.


Following measures are proposed to mitigate ecological impact i. Plantation programme To reduce the impact of air pollution, particularly the SPM content, it has

been proposed to create and maintain a green belt around the plant. The total green belt envisaged is 20.143 ha out of which 4 ha has already been planted. Plantation will be carried out within the premises of the plant where fugitive dust emissions are anticipated. Lawns and gardens will also be created near the office areas and other service areas like canteens, parking lot, etc. The plantation programme to be carried out is shown in Fig 4.7.

Special care has to be taken while planting trees, as regards the type and

the number, within the plant premises in order to confine the pollutants to the area and prevent their dispersal. The number of trees to be planted as a part of the plantation programme is taken as 1500 trees per hectare for green belt and along roads.

In addition to the trees planted as mentioned in the above table, a variety of

small flowering shrubs and plants will be planted in the gardens and lawns. These flowering plants will improve the aesthetics of the area. Yearwise plantation programme is given in Table 4.7.

TABLE 4.7

YEAR WISE PROPOSED PLANTATION PROGRAMME

Year Area (ha) No. of trees

Already planted upto 2007-08

4 697

I 4 6000

II 4 6000

III 4 6000

IV 2 3000

V 2.143 3215 Future Total 16.143 24215 Grand total 20.143 24912

The selection of trees to be planted has to be done judiciously keeping in

mind the adaptability of trees to the climate of the region. As mentioned in Chapter 3, the trees which are found in relative abundance as compared to the other species as well as species with proven survival rate will be preferred.



`

5TH YEAR

PLANTATION

1ST YEAR

2ND YEAR

3RD YEAR

4TH YEAR

RAIN WATERPOND



Consultation with the forest officers and experts in the field will further help to identify the exact species to be planted, and these can be obtained from the nurseries in the nearby areas. The social aspects of requirements of fodder and fuel of the community will not be effected by this project.

ii. Wildlife conservation programme The list of animal diversity is prepared by visualizing and interviewing many

local residents of nearby villages. Due to ban in poaching many animals have shown increasing trend. There are no schedule I species observed in the study area.

There are no threatened species of plants. Monkey of Schedule II is the

only threatened species. No special measures are required except that the employees as well as the population of surrounding villages will be educated for conservation and protection of the Monkey through specially arranged camps and continuous campaign through posters at prominent places.

4.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT During construction phase, there will be small influx of about 40 workers to

the locality with ready income in cash. This work force will come from the surrounding areas. With the increased population and money supply, there will be need for daily consumption items as well as services, which have to be provided by suppliers from nearby locality. These developments will have both positive and negative impacts on the local socio-economic environment.

With increased money supply, those who will be able to provide goods and

services to the work force will benefit economically. Increased money supply may push up demand of local commodities and services from the local population and the requirement may have to be met from nearby places

There could be better facilities for environment and social functions, for all

round improvement of social benefits. However, construction phase will be over after a short time, and having some economic inputs there would be positive impacts on socio-economic environment due to activity of the phase.

4.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES Plant and Mine workers

Regular medical examination of employees will be done for the occupational

diseases. Initial as well as periodical medical examination will be done. The medical examination will be carried out by a qualified Medical Officer appointed by MCL. MCL will provide a team of qualified Medical Officers



and all the equipments required for medical examination as per rules. The following measures relating to safety and health shall also be practiced:

• Provision of rest shelters for plant workers with amenities like drinking water etc.

• All safety measures like use of safety appliances, safety awards, posters, slogans related to safety etc.

• Training of employees for use of safety appliances and first aid.

• Regular maintenance and testing of all equipment as per manufacturers’ guidelines.

• Periodical Medical Examination (PME) of all workers by a medical specialist so that any adverse effect may be detected in its early stage.

• First Aid organisation in plant including training and retraining of First Aiders.

• Close surveillance of the factors in working environment and work practices, which may affect environment and worker’s health. Monitoring of the values of various factors, which may lead to occupational health hazards.

Surrounding population

Periodical medical camps will be arranged for detection of occupational

diseases and minor diseases in the near by rural population, wherein the local people can take free medicines and health check ups. Treatments for their acute and chronic illnesses will be provided totally free of cost with referral services and required treatment at well equipped hospitals with all financial assistance.

4.9 IMPACT ON SENSITIVE TARGETS

There are no National Wild Life Sanctuary or Park around the project, hence question of impact does not arise. A cave is located at 5 km distance, hence no impact is anticipated on it as well which is clear from the dispersion medelling results.

4.10 IMPACT PREDICTION SCENARIO BASED ON GIS TECHNIQUE From the ISCST model study it was found that flow of air pollutants is in the

southern direction and hence suitable is attached to that direction. The cumulative impact in each of the polygons was calculated using GIS techniques and differentially mapped colour wise using “symbology” command of Arc Info for distinction purpose to appreciate and understand the region at local level to which maximum impact would extend within acceptable or non-acceptable limits. The Arc Info map relating to different impact zones is at Fig 4.8. The cumulative impact of the project on the drainage network (water bodies) is at Fig 4.9. The cumulative impact of the project on the village settlements is at Fig 4.10 while on the forests is at Fig 4.11. The conclusions from analysis are as follows:



The moderate impact zone is restricted to an area of 1 km radius from the plant site in respect of which too the GLCs do not exceed the NAAQ standards prescribed. Though the maps depict impact of air emissions on various components of land use merely because they are perceptible and classified as moderate and no/low impact yet they are far below the NAAQ standards and hence no discernible adverse impact actually exists.

So far as cumulative impact arising out of other parameters, the zone

occurring as moderate impact zone is situated within 3 kms from the plant site. Suitable management techniques would be employed to secure zero impact on the environment even within 3km radius of the project site.

The detailed analytical techniques followed, softwares used and other

details are given in Annexure XIX.



Figure 4.8 : Cumulative Impact Assessment of

the Project

Figure 4.9 : Cumulative impact assessment of the

project on water bodies.



Figure 4.11 : Cumulative Impact of the Project on Forest Area

Figure 410 : Cumulative impact assessment of

the project on Village settlements.



4.11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT EVALUATION The Bettelle Environmental Evaluation system (BEES) has been adopted

for the evaluation of the quality of environment due to the proposed expansion. The total score {using Environmental Impact Units (EIU)} with and without the expansion has been compared. The identified parameters have been distributed into 4 categories as shown below in Tables 4.8 to 4.11 and the result given in Table 4.12.

TABLE 4.8

ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION

Parameter Weight (PIU)

With existing cement plant

(EIU)

With proposed expansion

(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Agriculture 27 9 9 0 Natural vegetation

60 50 45 -5

Species diversity

33 16 15 -1

Land use 13 9 10 +1 Plant productivity

27 14 18 +4

Soil microbiology

40 25 24 -1

Total 200 123 121 -2 Note : Negative change of -2 mainly due to degradation of natural vegetation.

TABLE 4.9 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION : ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Parameter Weight (PIU) With existing cement plant

(EIU)


(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Air

Diffusion factor 89 60 60 0

Sulphur di-oxide

18 4 3 -1

Oxides of nitrogen

18 11 10 -1

Suspended particulate matter

90 45 42 -3

Water

Temperature 5 2 2 0

Buiochemical oxygen demand

0 0 0 0




(EIU)


(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Dissolved oxygen

0 0 0 0

pH 5 5 5 0

HEAVY METALS

5 1 1 0

Total dissolved solids

20 15 14 -1

Faecal substances

5 3 3 0

Nitrates 0 0 0 0

Toxic substances

5 1 1 0

Land

Land fertility 100 25 24 -1

Land use pattern

45 25 27 +2

Noise 45 15 14 -1

Total 450 212 206 -6 Note: Negative change of -6 due to overall reduction in ambient air quality due to SPM, SO2, and

NOx emissions. Land fertility show negative rating and land use show improvement. The noise may increase slightly due to the running of machinery.

TABLE 4.10

ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION : AESTHETICS


(EIU)


(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Topography 12 8 7 -1

Appearance of water

5 2 2 0

Native fauna 22 20 19 -1

Green belt 11 6 10 +4

Odour 7 4 3 -1

Sound 10 6 5 -1

Visibility 11 9 9 0

Composite effect

22 15 19 +4

Total 100 70 74 +4

Note: Greenbelt will improve variety and density of vegetation types. The net composite effect would be better than existing status.



TABLE 4.11 ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION : HUMAN INTERESTS


(EIU)


(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Health 42 28 25 -2 Economic output

42 32 38 +6

Employment 42 22 25 +3 Housing 16 11 13 +2 Education 42 15 17 +2 Transportation 14 8 9 +1 Drinking water 10 8 8 0 Hydro-geological effect

0 0 0 0

Community needs

42 21 24 +3

Total 250 145 159 +14 Note : Enhancement in employment, housing, education and transportation will be achieved

resulting in the economic growth of the area.

TABLE 4.12 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION


(EIU)


(EIU)

Change (EIU)

Ecosystem 200 123 121 -2 Environmental pollution

450 212 206 -6

Aesthetics 100 70 74 +4 Human interest 250 145 159 +14

Total 1000 550 560 +10

The overall impact is therefore positive with a score of 10 due to the

proposed expansion of the cement plant. The cement plant expansion will thus bring prosperity which improves the quality of life of people in the neighborhood.



CHAPTER 5

CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES

5.1 GENERAL The cumulative impacts for the existing 900 TPD cement plant and the

proposed 2600 TPD expansion of same cement plant with captive power plant on the various environmental parameters has been identified and proper mitigation measures are suggested to minimise any harm to the environment.

5.1.1 Environment parameters In general, the important environmental parameters associated with cement

sector projects along with captive power plant are as follows:

- Surface water quality

- Air quality

- Land quality

- Forests

- Terrestrial wildlife

- Noise

- Land use

- Aesthetics

- Resettlement

- Archaeological/historic significance

- Public health

- Socio-economics 5.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 5.2.1 Impact on air quality

The cumulative impact from the existing 900 TPD cement plant and the

proposed 0.858 MTPA cement plant with captive power plant has been assessed with the help of Air quality modelling. The Ground Level Concentrations (GLC’s) from both the plants after commissioning are predicted after taking into consideration the stack parameters, meteorology of the area, production capacities, air pollution control equipments, etc.



i. Air emissions from combustion sources Since the raw materialc coal, Gypsum, Iron ore etc will be transported by

road, there will be traffic on road, the finished products also will be transported through truck transport on metal road. Hence, automobile emission from truck will also take place.

In the proposed 0.858 MTPA unit, there is a captive power plant of 18 MW.

The cumulative impact on the ambient air quality has been estimated by predicting the ground level concentration after combining the production capacities of both the plants. The details of stacks in the existing and proposed cement plants are given in Table 5.1.

TABLE 5.1

CHARACTERISTICS OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED STACKS

Sl. Stack name Height Dia Temp Exit gas Emission rate

No. (m) (m) (°C) Volume (m

3/s)

SPM (mg/Nm

3)

SO2 (kg/hr)

NOx

(mg/Nm3)

CO

(mg/Nm3)

1 Cooler ESP 30.50 1.800 130 15.100 55.39 38.64 62.54 -

2 Primary crusher 21.00 1.190 30 5.721 46.77 - - -

3 Secondary crusher 13.00 1.000 31 4.680 60.19 - - -

4 RABH (Kiln & Raw mill)

47.35 3.000 114 62.807 64.92 150.0 143.86 -

5 Coal mill 37.00 1.180 70 7.730 48.55 55.52 111.82 1.62

6 Cement mill 20.57 1.200 74 8.047 52.41 - - -

7 Packing plant 7.55 0.595 30 4.120 43.01 - - -

8 Power plant 71.00 2.500 145 52.770 75.00 165 - -

ii Air pollution dispersion modelling The modelling is based on hourly meteorological data collected at the plant

site during the winter season of 2007. 24 hour average incremental GLCs have been predicted for the proposed plant for multi stack dispersion modeling using double Gaussian diffusion equation : IS 8829-1978 as per ‘Assessment of Impact to Air Environment : Guidelines for Conducting Air Quality Modelling’ by CPCB, Delhi, (PROBES/70/1997-98). Various parameters like directional wind speed based stability classes have been given in Annexure XVIII Major pollutant of the source would be SPM, SO2 and NOx.



iii. Ground level concentration The method of calculation and assumptions made in the model for GLC

calculation are given in detail in Annexure XVIII and the results are also depicted in Fig 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 of the Annexure. The predicted incremental values (ground level concentrations) for SPM, SO2, NOx and CO are given in Table 5.2. The future ambient air quality will be the result of addition of the predicted incremental GLCs (24 hourly) and the existing concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air.

TABLE 5.2

CALCULATED GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION (µg/m3) (TOWARDS THREE PREDOMINANT WIND DIRECTIONS)

Directions Maximum concentrations (µg/m3) at 500 m from stack1

SPM SO2 NOx CO

E 17.38 7.99 8.77 0.03

ENE 7.72 10.43 11.07 0.03 WSW 4.49 5.62 4.83 0.01

The three most predominant wind directions excluding calm conditions were

observed during the monitoring period are towards E, ENE and WSW directions for 19.52%, 19.47% and 8.52% of time respectively during the monitoring period. The GLCs are lesser than the first predominant downwind direction in case of the second and third predominant downwind directions. From the above Table, it can be observed that the anticipated 24 hours average GLC’s will be maximum as 17.38, 10.43, 11.07 and 0.03 µg/m3 in respect of SPM, SO2, NOx and CO respectively.

iv Conclusion

These concentrations, when superimposed over the existing maximum

concentrations show that the air quality will be only marginally unaffected with meagre rise in pollutants levels. It is, therefore, concluded that the ambient air quality will undergo minor change and will remain within the ambient air quality standards as the background values are maximum 80 microgramm/cum.

5.2.2 Mitigation measures It is clear from Table 5.2 that the ambient air quality in the study area will

remain well within the permissible standards as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). During operation phase assessment of all gaseous emissions and their control are outlined below:

a. Air emissions Pollution control equipment with adequate capacity are proposed to be

installed to avoid degradation of air environment.



The main stacks emitting total SPM emission are given in Table 5.3 along with the proposed air pollution control equipment.

TABLE 5.3

MAIN STACKS AND SPM CONTROL EQUIPMENT

Sl.

No.

Stack name Height

(m)

Dia

(m)

SPM control equipment

Max. SPM emission in

mg/Nm3

1 Clinker cooler 30.50 1.800 ESP 55.39

2 Primary crusher 21.00 1.190 BAG HOUSE 46.77

3 Secondary crusher 13.00 1.000 BAG HOUSE 60.19

4 RABH (kiln & raw mill) 47.35 3.000 BAG HOUSE 64.92

5 Coal mill 37.00 1.180 BAG HOUSE 48.55

6 Cement mill 20.57 1.200 BAG HOUSE 52.41

7 Packing plant 7.55 0.595 BAG HOUSE 43.01

8 Power plant 71.00 2.500 ESP 75.00

The above mentioned air pollution control devices will be provided and

maintained in good efficiency to keep the emissions within permissible limits.

b. Fugitive emissions

Bag filters will be installed at all material transfer points and material

conveying systems - air slides, bucket elevators etc. Luffing belt conveyors will be used for stacking the -80 mm size limestone to reduce the falling height and hence to reduce dust generation. Gypsum and lignite will be received in wet condition, hence, will not require any specific control measures.

c. Air Emission due to transportation

The incremental values of pollutants SPM, SO2, NOx and CO have been

calculated by Fugitive Dust Model and are given below at various distances:

Distance from Road Edge, ‘m’

Concentration (µµµµg/m3)

SPM SO2 NOx CO

25 0.023 4.2 46.62 17.73 50 0.01 1.84 20.46 7.78 75 0.006 1.15 12.77 4.85

The details are given in Annexure XXI and GLC are shown in Fig 4.5.



5.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 5.3.1 Impact on noise level During operation of both the plants, the noise levels near the sources such

as raw material mill, ball mill and diesel generator set steam turbine will be higher. The noise levels at sources like the cement mill are anticipated to go as high as 100-105 dB(A) based on experience of similar plants. The general noise levels within core zone are expected to remain below 75 dB(A). However, the noise levels will attenuate to the background values beyond the core zone and the levels are not expected to rise beyond 75 dB(A) in the study area. However, the cumulative noise levels will be higher near the machineries only and the noise will be dampened by the acoustic barriers. For example, the day and night time Leq within core zone at 3 locations (Road opposite to Raw Mill, Inbetween crusher and clay shed and Inbetween cement mill and Elect. SS) were found between 73.39-67.65, 57.5-56.93 and 68.06-67.03 dB(A) respectively. These will increase not more than by 3 db(A) by future expansion activities.

The plantation and green belt along the plant periphery will also dampen the

noise levels and there will not be much increase in the ambient noise levels. 5.3.2 Mitigation measures The noise generation will be reduced at source by erecting noise

dampening enclosures, by maintaining the machines and greasing them regularly. The vehicles will be equipped with silencers. The equipments shall be provided with acoustic shields or enclosures to limit the sound level inside the plant. All the workers engaged at and around high noise generating sources shall be provided with ear protection devices like ear mufflers/plugs. Their place of attending the work will be changed regularly so as to reduce their exposure duration to high levels. They will be regularly subjected to medical check-up for detecting any adverse impact on the ears.

The proposed green belt will also help to prevent noise generated within the

plant from spreading beyond the plant boundary. 5.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 5.4.1 Impact on water quality

The additional water requirement for the plant, colony and water required for

equipment cooling, drinking, sanitation, horticulture etc. has been estimated as 500 cum/day and that for the Captive power plant is estimated as 2784 cum/day in addition to the existing quantity of 792.9 cum/day. Water will be taken from source Chynryntong - Umparti river located at an aerial distance of about 4.1 km from the plant.



The water used for domestic purposes including the expanded activities will be 150 M3/day from where 120 M3/day sewage waste water will be generated for which control measures are proposed further.

Therefore, no adverse impacts on the surrounding area are anticipated whether related to soil pollution or surface or ground water pollution.

5.4.2 Mitigation measures The plant will be operated on ‘zero discharge principle’. Thus, there will not

be any impact on the surface water quality due to discharge of effluent. The treated waste water from the sewage treatment plant (120 cum/day) will

be utilized quantitatively for green belt and plantation in the area. As the locality is rich in vegetation, proper effort will be made for development of green area.

5.5 LAND ENVIRONMENT During operation phase land environment is affected by solid and liquid

waste and also through change in land use pattern. i. Solid waste The solid waste generated during operation of expanded cement plants will

be recycled in the process and there will be no net solid waste for disposal. However, some road sweepings etc will be accumulated, which will be suitably disposed in sanitary landfill for composting.

The municipal solid waste generated from the plant and the colony will be composted in specially created pits and used as manure.

ii. Land use As a part of its expansion plan, MCL proposes to increase its cement

production located within the same premises by modifying the existing plant. MCL have in their possession 59.269 ha of land for the colony and the plant, since the proposed upgradation/expansion will be incorporated in the existing plant without acquisition of extra land, there will be no change in landuse. Hence, no adverse impact is anticipated on this account.

5.6 ECOLOGY

5.6.1 Impact on ecology The existing plant is located in the barren land and no impact is anticipated

on flora and fauna within the core. However the plant and ancillary activities may cause disturbance to the faunal activities in the vicinity of the plant due to noise and vehicular movements. The operation of the plant will cause dust generation which will affect the flora n terms of covering them with dust thus affecting the photosynthesis. However, the dust will be washed away



during rains as the rains are plenty in this area and no adverse impact is envisaged. The plantation carried out in the plant area will attract avifauna and improve the ecology of the area. The increase in production capacity by by enhancing the capacity of the existing plant to 0.858 MTPA would not cause adverse impact as the proposed expansion does not warrant putting up additional unit for cement production. Power plant will also be located in the premises of the existing plant only, hence will not be effecting the ecology adversely. However some mitigation measures have to be adopted for improving the ecology of the area as follows.

5.6.2 Mitigation measures Following measures are proposed to mitigate ecological impact i. Plantation programme As mentioned in Chapter 4, an extensive plantation programme will be

carried out inside the plant area which will help in controlling air pollution and also in providing green area for various faunal species for shelter. The plantation will cover more than 1/3rd of the plant area. Special care will be taken while planting trees, as regards the type and the number, within the plant premises in order to confine the pollutants to the area and prevent their dispersal.

A detailed plantation programme is given in Chapter 4 envisaging year wise

plantation in the proposed cement plant. 5.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The existing cement plant for 900 TPA capacity is in working stage. The

proposed expansion will also generate direct employment for 159 additional manpower where as 138 people are already employed. Thus there will be a huge economic boost in the nearby villages. Also there will be generation of secondary employment opportunities in the form of transportation facilities, service sector, material supply etc. this will rise the sources of income of the local people to some extent. .

With the expansion of the cement plant, the infrastructure facilities in the

area will be improved. The education, medical and other facilities will be developed in the area which will also be beneficial for the local people.



CHAPTER 6

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES M/s Meghalaya Cement Ltd. (MCL) has proposed for expanding the

cement plant from existing 900TPD to 2600TPD based on limestone deposits in the area along with 18MW CPP and with required off-site facilities and infrastructure, including residential colony for the employees. The present site has the following advantages:

• Proximity to captive limestone mines

• Proximity to river for water intake

• Availability of fuel

• Availability of adequate land in existing cement plant.

• Proximity to State Highway (NH-44)

• Absence of any irrigation canal or drainage channel within the selected area.

• Thinly populated area with fairly leveled terrain.

• Availability of infrastructural facilities in the nearby area.

• No sensitive places nearby except the Lumshnong cave at a distance of about 5 km

• Availability of manpower from surrounding villages.

• Captive power plant of 18MW capacity proposed. 6.2 TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES The dry process will be in use for the manufacture of cement. This process

is most widely used for cement production in India. The selection of kiln process is mainly governed by thermal and electrical

energy economy. To avail the overall energy efficiency, dry process of manufacture with pre-heater and pre-calcinator has been selected for the proposed plant along with 100% coal as fuel for kiln and pre-calcinator.

Thus a closed circuit ball mill of 120 TPH has been considered to meet the

raw material drying and grinding requirements.



CHAPTER 7

MONITORING, FEEDBACK MECHANISM

AND FISCAL ESTIMATES 7.1 INTRODUCTION Success of any environmental management programme depends upon the

efficiency of the organisational setup responsible for the implementation of the programme. Regular monitoring of the various environmental parameters is also necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the management programme so that necessary corrective measures could be taken in case there are some drawbacks in the proposed programme.

7.2 PROPOSED SET UP

An environmental cell is already in existence Keeping the utility of monitoring results in the implementation of the

environmental management programme in view, an organisational chart has been proposed headed by Manager (Environment) as shown in Fig 7.1. Due to the proximity of mine and the plant and both being under the same management, the same team will be looking after environmental monitoring and management of both activities – mining, cement manufacturing and CPP.

The said team will be responsible for:

i. Collecting water, soil and air samples.

ii. Analysing the water, soil and air samples.

iii. Implementing the control and protective measures.

iv. Co-ordinating the environment related activities within the project as well as with outside agencies.

v. Collecting statistics of health of workers and population of the surrounding villages.

vi. Green belt development etc.

vii. Monitoring the progress of implementation of environmental management programme.



A laboratory will be established and will be suitably equipped for sampling/testing of various environmental parameters for air, water, soil. Samples requiring any special analysis may be sent to any of the recognised laboratories. The laboratory will be equipped with at least the equipment shown in Table 7.1. Thus laboratory facility will be used by both the mine and the cement plant.

TABLE 7.1

PROPOSED LIST OF EQUIPMENT IN THE

ENVIRONMENTAL LABORATORY

Sl. No. Description Nos.

1 Stack monitoring kit 1

2 High volume air samplers 5

3 Personnel air samplers 2

4 Respirable dust sampler 1

5 Automatic station for recording of micrometeorological parameters

1

6 Sound pressure level meter 1

7 Spectrophotometer 1

8 Incubator 1

FIG 7.1 : POLLUTION CONTROL MANAGEMENT

Sr. MANAGER (PRODUCTION)

MANAGER (ENVIRONMENT)

ENVIRONMENT

ENGINEER/CHEMIST (FOR

POLLUTION MONITORING)

MAINTENANCE ENGINEER

(FOR POLLUTION CONTROL

EQUIPMENTS) AND FOR

IMPLEMENTATION OF

CONTROL MEASURES

ECOLOGIST/FORESTRY 1

SPECIALIST

POLLUTION CONTROL 1

SUPERVISOR

SUPPORTING STAFF 1

FIELD ASSISTANTS 2

Sr. CHEMIST 1

CHEMIST 1

SUPPORTING STAFF 1

WORKERS 2



Sl. No. Description Nos.

9 Oven 1

10 Chemical balance 1

11 Glassware -

12 Plankton net 1

13 Compound microscope 1

14 Chemicals for routine analysis -

7.3 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme

regular monitoring of the important environmental parameters will be taken up. The schedule, duration and parameters to be monitored are described below and summarised in Table 7.2.

TABLE 7.2

MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS

Sl. No. Description of parameters Schedule and duration of monitoring

1a. Ambient air quality in and around the plant SPM, CO, SO2, NOx

Three locations, eight hourly samples over 24 hours continuous duration twice a week for one month during each season of a year or as per prevailing norms of GSPCB.

b. Stack monitoring SPM, CO, SO2, NOx

Continuous monitoring or as per prevailing norms of GSPCB.

c.

Work place air quality monitoring SPM

Once in three months or as per prevailing norms of GSPCB.

d. Respirable dust monitoring Once a season

2 Water quality of canals, wells and nallas around the site [All parameters, excluding, emitters and pesticides]

Quarterly or as per prevailing norms of GSPCB.

3 Ambient noise levels Twice in a year for couple of years and then once a year.

4 Inventory of flora Once a year on all the reclaimed/planted/afforested sites and once in five years in study area.

6 Socio-economic condition Once in five years of local population, physical survey.

7.3.1 Air quality Ambient air quality, respirable dust and stacks shall be monitored for SO2,

NOx, SPM, and CO. The instruments like high volume air samplers respirable dust samplers and stack monitoring kits would be used for this purpose. These parameters will be monitored as mentioned in Table 7.2. respirable dust will be monitored within core zone.



7.3.2 Water quality Sampling of various inlets and outlets will be covered for analysis of the

relevant parameters. The analysis will be done for three months and the monitored parameters include flow rate, pH, temperature, TDS, oil and grease.

7.3.3 Noise monitoring

Noise levels will be monitored in working environment, main noise producing sources, over the boundary and around the plant.

7.3.4 Green belt and afforested areas

Continuous vigil and monitoring of green belts and afforested areas shall be done for its performance and survival rate. The plantation will be properly guarded by watch and ward personnel. Provision will be made for fertilisers application and watering on schedule.

7.3.5 Socio-economics Gravity modelling (traffic density) studies shall be done with the objective to

know about the interaction of nearby situated towns. Central Place Hierarchization studies (studies related to change in amenities/services etc.) would be conducted to know about the socio-economic status of the villages alongwith the above mentioned study at every five year interval.

7.4 FISCAL ESTIMATES The details of investment for procuring the equipment for successful

monitoring of air, water and other relevant parameters and control measures are given in Table 7.3.

TABLE 7.3

ESTIMATED COST OF POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT AND ARRANGEMENTS

Sl. No. Particulars Qty. Rs. lakhs

I. Air Pollution control

1 E.S.P 2 350.00

2 Bag house 6 1410.00

3 Cyclone 10 5.00

4 Dust collector 4 2.00

5 Water sprayer 1 8.00

Sub-total 1775.00

II. Water Pollution control

1 Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant LS 17.50

2 Septic tanks/soak pits LS 0.40

3 Storm water drains LS 5.00

4 Drains along road LS 2.00

5 Water drain culverts LS 2.00

Sub-total 26.90

III. Noise pollution control (Acoustics) LS 5.00



Sl. No. Particulars Qty. Rs. lakhs

IV. Environmental monitoring and management

1 High volume air sampler (50% part) 6 1.50

2 Respirable dust sampler (50% part) 2 0.60

3 Micro-meteorological station (50% part) 1 1.00

4 Laboratory for testing (50% part) 1 10.00

5 Mobile environmental monitoring van (50% part) 1 2.50

Sub total 15.60

V. Reclamation

1 Pumps and pipes LS 5.00

2 Hydraulic backhoe (50% part) 1 20.00

Sub total 25.00

VI. Occupational health

1 Fire fighting equipment (portable) LS 2.00

2 Fire fighting equipment (fixed) LS 10.00

3 Personal protective equipment (gogals, gloves, helmets, safety boots etc.)

LS 3.31

Sub total 15.31

VII. Others

1 Preparation of EIA/EMP report LS 5.00

2 Fencing, protection, regeneration & maintenance of safety zone

LS 5.21

3 Jeep (50% part) 1 2.50

Sub total 12.71

GRAND TOTAL 2109.52

Annual cost of monitoring and implementation of control measures is given

in Table 7.4

TABLE 7.4 RECURRING COST FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Sl. No. Particulars Rs. lakhs per annum

1 Air pollution control 286.69

2 Water pollution control 0.90

3 Noise pollution control 0.20

4 Environmental monitoring and management 4.49

5 Reclamation 7.64

6 Occupational health 2.13

7 Green belt 7.17

8 Others (EIA/EMP, rehabilitation, realighment, expert advice etc.)

1.72

Interest on capital cost 168.80

Overheads 13.72

Total 493.45

The total investment on environmental improvement works in envisaged to

be Rs. 2109.52 lakhs and recurring expenditure during the operations is Rs. 493.45 lakhs per annum.

The specific cost, therefore comes to Rs. 41.12 per tonne of cement planned

to be produced.



CHAPTER 8

DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN All types of industries face certain types of hazards which can disrupt

normal activities abruptly and lead to disaster like fires, inundation, failure of machinery, explosion to name a few. Disaster management plan formulated with an aim of taking precautionary step to control the hazard propagation and avert disaster and also to take such action after the disaster which limits the damage to the minimum.

8.1 TYPE OF DISASTER AT CEMENT PLANT AND CPP Disaster may occur due to following hazards at the cement plants.

- Fire - Explosion - Electrocution - Loose fitting

In any cement plant along with the CPP, there are various activities or area

which pose substantial threat to the workers and hence hazardous in nature. The potential hazardous areas and the likely accidents with the concerned area has been enlisted below in Table 8.1.

TABLE 8.1

HAZARDOUS AREA WITH CONCERNED ACCIDENTS

Sl. No. Hazardous Area Likely Accident

1. Boiler Area Explosion

2. Electrical rooms Fire and electrocution 3. Transformer area Fire and electrocution 4. Cable tunnel Fire and electrocution

5. Storage yard Sliding 6. Crushing and grinding unit Fatal accident 7. Chimney Air pollution 8 Coal/ fuel storage area Fire and spillage

9 Turbine room Explosion 8.2 ACCIDENT LEVEL If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the

classification of areas which may be affected and nature of accidents can be made as follows:

1 Level I Operator level 2 Level II Local community level 3 Level III Regional/national level 4 Level IV International level



Out of the above, only level-I and level - II class of accidents can be considered applicable for cement plant.

Level I Accidents

Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire, explosion,

and breakage due to loose fitting and spontaneous ignition of combustible material.

This level has probability of occurrence affecting persons inside the plant.

Various hazardous areas which have been mentioned above in para 7.1 as potential hazard areas will be affected during this level of accidents.

Level-II Accidents

Disaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of

all automatic control/warning systems, and also due to failure of ESP, Bag filter and other pollution control devices. However probability of occurrence of this is very low due to adequate security, training and education of persons of plant responsible for operating such systems.

8.3 DISASTER PREVENTIVE MEASURES In order to prevent disaster due to fire, explosion, electrocution and other

accidents following preventive measures shall be adopted.

i) Design, manufacture and construction of all plant and machineries building will be as per national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory authorities.

ii) Provision of adequate access way for movement of equipment and personnel shall be kept.

iii) Minimum two no. of gates for escape during disaster shall be provided.

iv) System of fire hydrants comprising electrical motor division and diesel engine drivers fire pumps with electrical motor driver jokey pump for keeping the fire hydrant system properly pressurized for all important suspected places.

8.3.1 Site emergency control room In order to control the disaster more effectively, a Site Emergency Control

Room (SECR) shall be established at the plant site. The facilities proposed to be provided are given in following sections:

- Plant Layout

- Plant Layout with inventories and locations of fuel oil/furnace oil storage tanks, etc

- Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly points etc. (as given in Section 7.1)



- Population around factory

- Internal telephone connections

- External telephone connections

- Hotline connection to district collector, police control room, fire brigade, hospital etc.

- Public address system

- Torch-lights

- List of dispensaries and registered medical practitioners around factory

- Area map of surrounding villages

- Nominal roll of employees

- Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed through runners.

- The blown up copy of Layout plan showing areas where accident has occurred.

8.3.2 Safety department Safety department shall be manned by experienced engineers and other

supporting staff who shall bring safety consciousness amongst the work force of plant.

The safety department will conduct regular safety awareness courses by

organising seminars and training of personnel among the various working levels.

8.4 CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCY The emergency organisation shall be headed by emergency leader called

Site Main Controller (SMC) who will be plant manager. In his absence senior most person available at plant shall be emergency leader till arrival of plant manager.

Besides the top officials described above, rest of the employees shall be

divided into three action teams namely A, B, C, and a Non-action Group D. Action team 'A' will consist of staff of section in which accident has

occurred. Action team ‘B’, will consist of staff of non-affected sections and maintenance department. Action team 'C' will consist of supporting staff i.e. Security supervisor, Ware house Supervisor, Shift Supervisor etc. Group ‘D’ will consist of people not included in those teams like contractor, labour, security men etc.

Team 'A' comprising staff of affected section will be taking up the action in

case of an emergency. Team 'B' will help team 'A' by remaining in their respective sections ready to comply with specific instructions of SMC. Team 'C' consisting of supporting staff will help team ‘A’ as required and directed by Team 'B’. Group ‘D’ will be evacuated to safe region under supervision of Team 'C'.



A multichannel communication network shall connect SECR to control rooms of plant, various shops and other departments of plant, fire station and neighbouring industrial units.

Co-ordination among key personnel and their team has been shown in Fig

8.1. 8.4.1 Outside organisations involved in control of disaster In the event of excess exit of flue gasses or occurrence of fire, population

inside and outside plant boundaries, vegetation and animal etc. may be affected. In such circumstances secondary fire may also take place. In such an event help shall be taken from outside agencies also. The organisations that shall be involved are as follows:

(a) State and local authorities: District Collector, Revenue Divisional Officer, etc

(b) Factory Inspectorate, Chief Inspector of factories, Joint Chief Inspector of factories, Inspector of factories.

(c) Environmental agencies: Member Secretary of State Pollution Control Boards, District Environmental Engineer

(d) Fire Department : District Fire Officer

(e) Police Department : District Superintendent of Police, SHOS of nearby Police Stations

(f) Public Health Department :

- District Medical Officer

- Residential medical officers of PHCs around plant site

(g) Local Community Resources - Regional Transport officer - Divisional Engineer Telephones

The outside organisations shall directly interact with district magistrate who

in consultation with SMC shall direct to interact with plant authorities to control the emergencies.

8.4.2 Hazard emergency control procedure The onset of emergency will in all probability, commence with a major fire or

excess stack emission the following activities will immediately take place to interpret and take control of emergency.



FIG 8.1 : GENERAL COORDINATION AMONG ON SITE EMERGENCY TEAM MEMBERS

EMERGENCY LEADER PLANT MANAGER/HEAD OF

OPERATIONS/ENGINEERING/MAINTENANCE

ADVISORY TEAM 1. Head of Operation 2. Head of Maintenance 3. Head of Engineering

4. Head of Administration

COMMUNICATION TEAM 1. Administrative Head 2. Personnel Officer 3. Telephone Operator 4. Time Office Staff

EMERGENCY COORDINATOR ADMINISTRATIVE HEAD/ PERSONNEL MANAGER

ACTION TEAM ‘A’

1. SHIFT SUPERVISOR OF AFFECTED SECTION 2. PLANT OPERATORS/TECHNICIANS OF

AFFECTED SECTION 3. SHIFT SECURITY SUPERVISOR DUTY

ACTION TEAM ‘B’ 1. HEAD OF MAINTENANCE 2. WARE HOUSE/SPARE PARTS

SUPERVISOR/ MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR/I/C SUPERVISOR

3. MECHANICS/ELECTRICIAN

ACTION TEAM ‘C’ 1. SECURITY SUPERVISOR 2. WARE HOUSE STAFF 3. SHIFT SUPERVISOR

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE SAFETY

4. INCHARGE OF FIRST AID CENTRE

ACTION TEAM ‘D’

1. OTHER STAFF NOT

LISTED IN EMERGENCY TEAMS INCLUDING CONTRACTOR WORKERS AND SUPERVISORS



1. Staff member on duty will go to nearest fire alarm call point and trigger off the fire alarm.

2. On site fire crew led by fire man will arrive at the site of incident with fire foam tenders and necessary equipments.

3. Site main controller will arrive at SECR, from where he will receive information continuously from incident controller and give decisions and direction to the incident controller, plant control room, Emergency security controllers and to the site medical officer to take care of casualties.

Site Main Controller will be directing and deciding a wide range of following

desperate issues. In particular SMC has to decide and direct.

- Whether incident controller requires reinforcement of manpower and facilities

- Whether plant is to be shut down or more importantly kept running.

- Whether staffs in different locations are to remain indoor or to be evacuated and assembled at designated collection center.

- Whether missing staff members are to be searched or rescued.

- Whether off-site emergency plan to be activated and a message to that effect is to be sent to district headquarter.

When the incident has eventually been brought under control as declared

by the Incident Controller, the SMC shall send two members of his advisory team as inspectors to incident site for:

- An assessment of total damage and prevailing conditions with

particular attention to possibility of re-escalation of emergency which might, for the time being, be under control.

- Inspection of other parts of site which might have been affected by impact of incident.

- Inspection of personnel collection and roll call centers to check if all persons on duty have been accounted for.

- Inspection of all control rooms of plant to assess and record the status of respective plants and any residual action deemed necessary.

Post emergency, the inspectors will return to SECR with their observations

and report of finding and will submit the same to SMC. 8.5 MISCELLANEOUS PREVENTIVE MEASURES

8.5.1 Alarm system to be followed during disaster On receiving the message of “Disaster” from Site Main Controller, fire

station control room attendant will sound SIREN I WAILING TYPE FOR 5



MINUTES. Incident controller will arrange to broadcast disaster message through public address system.

On receiving the ‘ message of “Emergency Over” from Incident Controller

the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal, by sounding alarm straight for two minutes.

The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic

or misunderstanding during disaster. 8.5.2 Actions to be taken on hearing the warning signal On receiving the disaster message following actions will be taken:

- All the members of advisory committee, personnel manager, security controller, etc. shall reach the SECR.

- The process unit persons will remain ready in their respective units for crash shutdown on the instruction from SECR.

- The persons from other sections will report to their respective officer.

- Residents of township will remain alert. 8.5.3 Safety devices/equipments In order to make the services more effective the workers and rescue team

will be provided with the safety equipments and items like gas mask respirators, fire entry suits, fire blankets, rubber shoes or industrial shoes, rubber glove, ladders, ropes, petromax lamp torches etc.

8.5.4 Fire extinguisher The different type of fire extinguishers have been proposed at strategic

locations in the plant and given in Table 8.2.

TABLE 8.2 DIFFERENT FIRE EXTINGUISHERS AT DIFFERENT SITES

Name of Site Type of Fire Extinguishers

Cable galleries CO2 & Foam type, Dry chemical powder

High voltage panel CO2 & Foam type, Dry chemical powder

Control rooms CO2 & Foam type, Dry chemical powder

MCC rooms CO2 & Foam type, Dry chemical powder

Pump Houses CO2 & Foam type, Dry chemical powder

Guest houses and offices Dry chemical powder, foam type

Godowns Foam type

Crusher house CO2, Dry chemical powder, foam type



CHAPTER 9

PROJECT BENEFITS The industrial activity of the proposed project coupled with the ancillary

industries, would contribute to the overall socio-economic development of the region.

9.1 DIRECT BENEFITS TO THE NATIONAL AND STATE EXCHEQUER

• Cess on power generation

• Royalty on limestone

• Excise duty

• State sales tax or VAT

• Income by way of registration of trucks, payment of road tax and payment of tax for interstate movements

• Income tax from individual as well as corporate taxes from cement company and ancillary units.

9.2 OTHER BENEFITS Most of the work force required for construction and operation of the

proposed project will be drawn from the surrounding villages. During the construction phase, no family is required to rehabilitate from the core zone.

The economic growth of the area in terms of employment generation,

consumption of goods and market-growth are expected outcome of the project. The project has an employment generation prospect on skilled manpower. The direct additional employment potential of the project is estimated as 159 persons (in addition to the existing 138), the share of local people in this is expected to be significant. It is assumed that the generation of indirect employment would be multiple of direct employment. With the establishment of colony, not only will there be requirement of food and commodities but also service providers such as servants, maids, gardeners, sweepers, maintenance people etc. The direct beneficiaries in this process would be the local producers and local people providing services.

Therefore, the significant positive impact on employment and occupation is

envisaged on account of

- Better economic status of the community due to better earnings - Higher inputs towards infrastructural facilities due to establishment of

plant and colony



- Enhancement of literacy due to educational facilities available in township.

The general social development of the area, at least in restricted sense of

the term, is expected due to the improvements in infrastructure and communication system. New facilities will be created to meet growing demand of the population. This will have impact on the current literacy level, primary and middle level education and on existing health facilities. A new awareness generated will have positive impact on the social pattern, which at this stage, is caste and community oriented. The long-term implications of this change are definitely progressive.

An access road to the plant site is existing which will be metalled. a. Employment

Due to cement plant project including the CPP, there will be development of

communication facilities in the area. In the plant area, accommodation has been planned for the skilled/ semi-skilled employees and the managerial/ supervisory personnel. The total manpower requirement will be 138 existing+ 94 additional proposed=232 total. The details are given in Chapter 2.

The plant site area will be equipped with sufficient infrastructural facilities

including drinking water, toilets, sanitation facilities, health centre etc. During operation, plant will generate direct employment as explained in the

previous paragraph. The preference will be given for local population for employment in the semi-skilled and unskilled category. Indirect employment is created by the plant for supply of daily domestic goods. Moreover, permanent supply of electricity in the area will support to improve other type of industries.

Housing satisfaction for accommodation of 89% of total manpower is

proposed out of which adequate accommodation has already built and is under progress. Details of accommodation are given in para2.5 in chapter 2.Employees from local villages commute from their own homes.

B. Health and Safety Measures

The workers engaged in high pollution generation area will be equipped with

appropriate protective equipment. Following measures will be adopted in the plant to keep check on the safety measures and health:

- Inspection and maintenance of pollution control systems regularly

- All safety measures such as provision of safety appliances, imparting training, giving-of safety awards, display of posters with slogans related to safety will be taken

- The workers exposed to noisy sources will be provided with ear muffs/plugs



- Adequate facilities for drinking water and sufficient toilets will be provided to the employees

- The medical facilities will be extended to the neighbouring villagers also.

c. Social welfare measures and Corporate responsibility

The company shall earmark funds for social development and welfare

measures in the surrounding villages. These measures will include funding for:

1) Repair and improvement of existing schools

2) Repair and improvement of health centres

3) Repair and improvement of community centres, building such as Panchayat halls, Barat ghars etc.

4) Awareness programs

5) Women and child development programs

6) Medical camps

7) Competitions and prizes distribution

8) Drinking water availability efforts if needed for the local people

9) Rain water harvesting measures The details of peripheral development plan including development in

infrastructure, health, education and socio cultural aspects carried out so far and being carried out are as follows under the Corporate Responsibility:

1. The company has one dispensary with two qualified doctors and nursing

staff including a pathology lab where they give free treatment and medicines to employees and local villagers of Thangskai, Cheiruphy and Waihjer. The company has provided an ambulance on free of cost for the benefit of the above said villagers.

2. The company has provided free cement and give donations to temples and churches in the surrounding villages of Elaka Narpuh. They also give cement at concessional rate to villagers for the purpose of house construction etc.

3. The company organizes free medical camps twice in a year for the benefit of the villagers.

4. The company organises cultural programmes in connection with Christmas for the sake of local villagers every year in the company’s Community Hall.

5. The comapny provide chairs and cooking vessels on returnable basis to all the villagers for marriages and church functions.



6. The company has plans to construct a 20 bedded Hospital and a school up to 10th standard.

7. The company supplies drinking water to villages for marriages and functions through tankers. The company also supplies water to Govt. offices and Guest houses whenever required.

8. The company accommodates Government officials in their Guest house when required.

9. The company built a children park for the benefit of employees' and villagers' children.

10. The company has constructed a community hall with a capacity of 1000 personnel with all the required infrastructure like chairs, audio system etc., They organise cultural activities on all important occasions. They have Cricket and football grounds, Volley ball and Badminton courts where employees and the villagers play regularly.



CHAPTER 10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ENGAGED

TEAM OF MIN MEC CONSULTANCY PVT. LTD. AND MIN MEC R&D LABORATORY INVOLVED IN EIA PREPARATION

Position Expert Name Qualifications Experience

Team leader B. D. Sharma B. Tech (Mining.), M. Tech (Hons), PG Diploma (Env. & Ecology), Certificate in Disaster Management, Facilitator of waste minimization circles

Over 30 years experience in environmental impact assessment, management and planning with over 200 projects executed over last 20 years.

Hydrogeologist R. P. Agrawal M. Tech (Applied Geology)

40 years work experience in hydrogeology and geology. Super- attenuated as HOD, Patna office, Central Ground water Board

Ecology Dr. Anita Singh Ph.D. (Botany) 10 years of work experience in ecology

Mansoor Alam M. Sc. (Botany) 2 years of work experience in ecology

Agriculture Dr. Ratan Kumar Ph. D (Agri.) 5 years of work experience in agriculture and soil science.

Environmental and Social Planner

Marisha Sharma M. Plan (Env.), BE (Civil), PG Certificate in Disaster Management, PG certificate in participatory management of displacement, resettlement and rehabilitation.

Over 6 years experience in mathematical modeling of air and water pollution. Also experienced in waste water treatment, resettlement and rehabilitation studies

Environmental Engineer

Parag Khujnare B. E. (Mining), M. Tech. (Env. Sci. & Engg.)

Over 2 years experience in Environmental Impact Assessment studies.

Lab Incharge Rashmi Gupta B.Sc. (Chem) Over 6 years experience in Laboratory and field work management

Field Monitoring expert

Mahesh Dutt B. Sc. Over 12 years experience in environmental data collection from field

GIS B. Ram BCA Over 10 years experience in GIS



About the company :

Min Mec Consultancy Pvt. Ltd was registered in July 1983 with the Registrar

of Companies, Delhi & Haryana, India. In 1994, Min Mec established a modern R & D laboratory which was accredited under Environment Protection Act (EPA) by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. On 02.02.2003, Min Mec received ISO 9001:2000 certification under ANZ-JAS. On 23rd July 2006, Min Mec R&D laboratory received accreditation from NABL (National Accreditation Board for Calibration and Testing Laboratories).

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