8/17/2019 Raniel Miranda Reflection Paper Tobacco

1/2

Raniel Miranda | 12-007Contemporary Developments in International Law | Atty. Semrano | Atty. !erillo

Re"le#tion !aper$ %oa##o

All individ&als possess t'e ri('t to 'ealt'. Meier and Mori 'owever ar(&e t'at t'is

individ&al ri('t s'o&ld e elevated to a #olle#tive ri('t in order to a""ord etter prote#tionto 'ealt' ri('ts. %'is is d&e to (loali)ation and te#'nolo(y* w'i#' 'as trans"ormed 'ealt'

and disease* in a way t'at #ontrol over an individ&al+s personal 'ealt' 'as een

diminis'ed. It is "&rt'er ar(&ed t'at t'e ri('t to individ&al medi#al #are is losin( tra#tionnowadays e#a&se so#ietal "a#tors "a#ilitate t'e spread o" illnesses. It is in t'is li('t t'at it

is s&((ested t'at t'e #olle#tive ri('t to 'ealt' s'o&ld e promoted and stren(t'ened*

instead o" merely "o#&sin( on individ&al 'ealt'. %'is does not mean 'owever t'at t'eindivid&al ri('t to 'ealt' s'o&ld e overloo,ed. Rat'er* t'e so#iety-ased #olle#tive ri('t

to p&li# 'ealt' is meant to #omplement t'e a"orementioned individ&al ri('t. In essen#e*

t'e t'eory is to re#o(ni)e* &p'old* and prote#t t'e #olle#tive ri('t to p&li# 'ealt' e#a&se

(loali)ation 'as led to diseases t'at prode so#iety-wide e""e#ts. %'e impliedass&mption 'ere is t'at i" t'e #olle#tive ri('t to 'ealt' is re#o(ni)ed* t'e individ&al ri('t

is #onse&ently prote#ted.

It is deatale w'et'er t'e ri('t to p&li# 'ealt' #an e epanded to #over t'e

'ealt' o" individ&als "rom di""erent re(ions. /onet'eless* %ownsend et al de"ines (loal'ealt' as re"errin( to pro(rams and initiatives t'at address t'e 'ealt' needs o" people

a#ross many #o&ntries rat'er t'an t'e #on#erns o" parti#&lar nations. It involves t'eintera#tion o" several a#tors "rom ot' t'e private and p&li# se#tor &t t'e re#ent trend is

t'e in#rease in t'e n&mer o" private a#tors. %ownsend et al mention t'at low and middle

in#ome #o&ntries 'ave eperien#ed di""i#&lty in t'e implementation o" t'e Do'a

De#laration and t'e ramewor, Convention on %oa##o Control. 3e#a&se o" t'is* t'eyar(&e t'at a '&man ri('ts and p&li# (oods approa#'* alon( wit' t'e #ooperation o" an

independent 4orld 5ealt' 6r(ani)ation* and t'e parti#ipation and in#reased reso&r#es o" 

t'e low and middle in#ome #o&ntries is ne#essary to ade&ately attend to t'e so#ialdeterminants o" 'ealt'.

Smo,in( is one o" t'e leadin( #a&ses o" preventale deat'. It is also s#ienti"i#allyand medi#ally a##epted t'at smo,in( #a&ses detrimental e""e#ts on t'e smo,er+s ody andt'e non-smo,ers t'at in'ale t'e so-#alled se#ond 'and smo,e. %'is is t'e reason e'ind

attempts to s&ppress it t'ro&(' p&li# awareness #ampai(ns* advertisements* medi#al

anno&n#ements* poli#ies* restri#tions* ena#tments* and ot'er means. %'e movementa(ainst smo,in( is 'owever opposed y some w'o #laim t'at individ&als 'ave t'e ri('t to

smo,e. ra"" responds to t'is y #ontendin( t'at t'e ri('t to smo,e is not amon( t'e #ivil

ri('ts mentioned in t'e Constit&tion. It is neit'er #reated y t'e d&e pro#ess #la&se nor 

t'e e&al prote#tion #la&se. It is also not a spe#ially prote#ted lierty or priva#y ri('t.iven t'is* it #an e said t'at (overnment odies 'ave t'e w'erewit'al to estalis'

restri#tions and "orm&late ena#tments* w'i#' deal wit' t'e a#t o" smo,in(. %'is is

espe#ially tr&e in li('t o" poli#e power w'i#' allows states to re(&late e'avior anden"or#e order in order to sa"e(&ard 'ealt'* sa"ety* morals* and (eneral wel"are.

In li('t o" t'e 'arm"&l e""e#ts o" smo,in(* 8adi ar(&es t'at toa##o #ontrol is an

important aspe#t o" #ontemporary p&li# 'ealt' (overnan#e. S'e mentions 'owever t'atinternational trade law 'as posed an impediment d&e to t'e redtion o" tari"" and non-

tari"" trade arriers and lowerin( o" pri#es o" toa##o prodts. enerally spea,in(*

#on"li#t o" interests will inevitaly ens&e i" a State adopts toa##o #ontrol meas&res t'at

inter"ere wit' "orei(n investments e#a&se s' re(&lation may e #onsidered a violation

8/17/2019 Raniel Miranda Reflection Paper Tobacco

2/2

Raniel Miranda | 12-007Contemporary Developments in International Law | Atty. Semrano | Atty. !erillo

o" investment treaty provisions prote#tin( t'e trademar,s o" toa##o #ompanies. %'is is

 parti#&larly prolemati# (iven t'e in#ompatiility o" promotion o" p&li# 'ealt' and

advan#ement o" t'e e#onomi# interests o" t'e toa##o ind&stry.