BY

SHAGUFTA RANI KHANZADA

EFFECT OF PLANT OILS ON ADULT EMERGENCE, FECUNDITY AND WEIGHT LOSS OF COLLOSOBRUCHUS ANALIS (FAB.) IN GREEN GRAM (VIGNA RADIATA L. ROXB). ”

DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGYFACULTY OF CROP PROTECTION

SINDH AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY, TANDO JAMPAKISTAN

INTRODUCTION

Pulses belong to family Leguminosae and they are excellent an inexpensive source of plant protein and

provide a balanced diet for millions of people when eaten in when combination with cereals. .

The pulse beetle, Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius) Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is the pest of mung (Vigna radiata), mash (Phaseolus mungo), moth (Phaseolus aconitifolius), peas, cowpeas and other pulses.

Both the larvae and the adults cause damage. The larva is recognized by its creamy-white, oval, flabby body.

The adult is an oval beetle,. The female is chocolate with a black trapezoidal area surrounding by white streaks on the three sides. This area is located in the centre of each elytra towards the outer margin.

The young larva on emergence bores into the grain and feeds entire contents

Pupa of Callosobruchus analis

Larva of callosobruchus analis

Eggs of callosobruchus

Life cycle of Callosobruchus analis (Fabricius)

adult of callosobruchus analis

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The present studies on “Effect of plant oils on adult emergence, fecundity and weight loss of collosobruchus analis (fab.) in green gram (vigna radiata l. roxb). , the expriment were carried out under laboratory conditions in postgraduate laboratory of Entomology Department, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam.

The culture of C. analis was obtained from grain storage laboratory, Tropical Agriculture Research Institute,

Karachi University . Four different plant oils i.e. mustard (Brassica compestris ), coconut (Cocus nucifera), sesame

(Sesamum indicum) and rocket seed (Eurica sativa) which are commercially available in market were purchased

and mixed with gree n gram grains.

The standard concentration of each oil was 0.25 ml and which was mixed with the 250 grams of green gram.

Weighted green gram grains were kept in plastic jars which were covered with muslin cloth and banded with

rubber strips.

The experiment was replicated four times and control (without treated grains). The culture was developed for

getting the pairs. Four pairs adult beetles one day old of same age were released in each jar.

The observations were taken at weekly intervals for observing the alive number of beetles emerged in whole each jar and fecundity was also recorded randomly on ten (10) grains in each jar.

The mode of damage was recorded during the entire period of study.

RESULTRESULT

TABLE 1. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT OILS ON THE ADULT EMERGENCE OF PULSE BEETLE, C. ANALIS ON GREEN GRAMS .

Date ofobservations

Population of Pulse beetle on Plant oils in green gram

Mustard oil Coconut oil Sesame oil Rocket seed oilControl

August 10, 2007 1.75 2.25 4.25 2.0 6.0

17 3.25 4.25 8.50 2.5 8.0

24 6.25 8.75 32.25 1.5 47.75

31 30.25 39.50 51.50 2.5 201.25

September 07 139.50 98.75 218.00 3.0 393.25

14 254.25 321.50 274.00 2.75 639.25

21 285.00 448.75 355.75 1.50 959.5

28 235.50 494.25 347.25 1.25 797.5

October 05 229.00 391.75 343.25 1.25 771.0

12 183.75 337.50 310.00 1.25 561.0

19 261.25 237.75 192.25 1.50 423.5

26. 97.00 210.00 158.50 2.0 275.75

November 02 39.75 157.50 97.25 1.75 175.25

9 21.25 108.75 31.25 1.50 99.25

TABLE 2. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT OILS ON THE FECUNDITY OF PULSE BEETLE, C. ANALIS ON GREEN GRAMS.

Date ofobservations

Fecundity of Pulse beetle on plant oils in green gramMustard oil Coconut oil Sesame oil Rocket seed oil Control

August 10,

20076.00 3.25 5.00 1.25 11.5

17 4.75 5.25 7.00 1.50 18.75

24 5.50 4.00 8.00 1.50 26.0

31 8.00 5.75 12.25 1.25 40.0

September 07 12.25 21.25 24.25 1.73 54.0

14 25.50 31.25 35.25 1.75 65.5

21 30.25 56.00 42.00 1.50 87.75

28 25.25 41.00 39.00 1.50 80.75

October 05 24.50 48.00 36.25 1.25 85.25

12 24.49 35.00 38.50 1.50 67.5

19 22.25 33.00 33.00 1.50 49.5

26. 20.00 35.50 30.25 1.50 35.5

November 02 19.25 29.25 25.25 1.50 22.75

9 19.00 23.75 23.25 1.50 12.5

16 12.00 28.25 19.75 1.0 5.75

Mean±

S.E

17.27±

2.18

26.70±

4.21

25.27±

3.23

1.47±

0.04

44.2±

7.27

TABLE 3. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PLANT OILS ON THE GRAIN WEIGHT LOSS IN TREATED AND NON TREATED GREEN GRAM BY PULSE BEETLE, C. ANALIS FAB

TreatmentsInitial weight

(Grams)

Final weight loss

(Grams)

weight loss(Grams)

Calculation %

Mustard oil 250 199.43 51.43 20.57

Coconut oil 250 160.3 90.3 36.13

Sesame oil 250 186.08 64.08 25.63

Rocket seed oil 250 230.67 20.67 8.26

Control 250 110.37 140.37 56.14

TABLE 4. WEEKLY MEAN, POPULATION OF PULSE BEETLE, C. ANALIS IN LABORATORY WITH TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%)

Dates of observations Mean population Temperature oC Humidity %

August 10, 072.56 34.5 76

174.62 34.0 75

2412.18 33.5 82

3130.93 36.5 76

September 07114.81 38.0 84

14213.12 36.5 75

21272.75 39.0 64

28269.56 34.0 78

October 05241.31 35.5 72

12208.12 38.0 62

19173.18 35.5 70

26.116.87 34.5 70

November 0274.06 33.0 73

940.68 25.0 66

1614.25 24.5 67

CONCLUSIONS

All the plant oils were comparatively better for keeping the pulse beetle below infestation level.

Rocket seed oil (Jambho) proved more effective among the other oils.

Population of adult emergence and fecundity increases the peak in the month of August and September months.

The minimum weight loss was found in Rocket seed oil in green gram.

The maximum weight loss was found in control treatment in green gram.

The temperature 39oC and humidity 64% was found favourable for pest multiplication.