Ranger Award Elective Requirements Venture Crew 851 Presented by Dr. Ed Hawkins 2014 May 5...
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Transcript of Ranger Award Elective Requirements Venture Crew 851 Presented by Dr. Ed Hawkins 2014 May 5...
Ranger Award Elective Requirements
Venture Crew 851
SCUBA
Presented byDr. Ed Hawkins
2014 May 5
Reference: “Recreational SCUBA Diving by Shaun Sykes”
Topics of Discussion
• SCUBA – Its meaning and history• Equipment• Types of Dives• Training and Certifications• Health and safety• Dive sites and statistics• Crew Options
SCUBAMeaning and History
• SCUBA –
Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus• Long history dating back from 332 BC Alexander
the Great – wooden barrel dive bell• Modern fins, mask and snorkel tubes were
developed by fishermen from America, Russia, France and England in the 1920s and 1930s
British “Frog Man”c.1945
1918 Schrader – US Navy Dive Helmut
17th Century
“Dive Bell”
History (cont’d)
• Recreational SCUBA Diving began between 1942 - 1943, after Emile Gagnan and Captain Jacques –Yves Cousteau developed the self-contained “Aqua-Lung” and new regulator that was automatic.
• Cousteau took many successful, experimental dives with his friends, wife and two sons, making this an experimental family trip and experience.
1910-1997
Cousteau SocietyRV Calypso Cousteau Society
Mini-Sub
Basic Equipment (1 of 5)
• Mask- Device covering eyes and nose, allowing you to see underwater
• Fins – Device put on the feet to extend the kicking motion underwater.
• Snorkel – Device used to breath air close to or on the surface of the water
• BCD or BC – (Buoyancy compensator device) controls buoyancy up or down
• Regulator – Device that delivers air to you on demand at reduced pressure
Basic Equipment (2 of 5)
• Pressure gauge – (SPG- Submersible Pressure Gauge) and depth gauge tells diver how much air is in tank, and depth of dive
• Weights – Lead weights used to weigh down divers for depth decent
Basic Equipment (3 of 5)
Basic Equipment (4 of 5)
• Wet suit – Insulated suit used to keep warm by warming a layer of water next to your skin
• Dry suit – Used to keep the diver dry and warm in cold temperatures
• Body suit – Warm temperature suit that keeps the core body warm
Diving ApparelTemperature• High 80s
• 80º - 90º F
• 75º - 80ºF
• 70º - 80ºF
• 50º - 70ºF
• Below 50ºF
What to wear- A Lycra body suit, a shorty, or a
dive jacket (the top of a two-piece suit)
- A shorty, a dive jacket, or a full-length, one-piece, 3mm wet suit
- A 3mm one-piece jumpsuit, or a two-piece wet suit
- A 5mm full-length wetsuit, a two-piece wetsuit, or a dry suit with light weight insulating garments
- A 7mm full-length two-piece wetsuit with gloves and hood, or a dry suit with insulating garments
- A dry suit with insulating garments, hood, gloves or mitts, and possibly face mask
Types of Dives• Types of dives – Boat, shore, pier
• How to enter the water – From shore, walk into the water without fins, then
put them on in the water
– In rough water, put fins on and walk in backwards
• If on a boat or pier1. Giant Stride
2. Backward roll
3. Controlled Seated entry
4. Group entry
Types of Dives (cont’d)
• Decent• Travel under water• Hand signals• Ascent
Other types of dives –• Seawater, Freshwater,
Wreck, Cave, Night, Drift and Ice
Training and Certifications
• Pre-open water certification – Open Water Certified
• Non – professional certification – Advanced SCUBA diver and Master SCUBA diver
• Professional – Divemaster, Skin-diving instructor, assistant instructor and Instructor
• Specialties open to recreational divers – Underwater photography or videography, wreck diving, night diving, boat diving, ice diving, cavern diving, dry suit diving, Nitrox diving, search and recovery, career diver, etc.
Health and Safety Diving Hazards
• How soon to fly after diving – old vs. new philisophy
• DCS – Epidermal or cutaneous, muscular, joint and limb pain and neuroligical
• Hypothermia• Hyperthermia• Cramps• Overexertion• Nitrogen Narcosis
• Overexertion• Nitrogen Narcosis• Carbon monoxide
poisoning• Gastrointestinal
barotrauma• Heart problems• Ear infections• Nosebleeds• Breathing problems• Dehydration• Diving while pregnant
Dive Sites
• United States: The Hawaiian Islands, Florida Keys, Catalina Island, California and many oceans, rivers, lakes and quarries
Statistics
• About 22 million divers world wide (2013)• Top 6 states for SCUBA certification: Florida,
California, Hawaii, Texas, Illinois and New York
Web sites for SCUBA access, research and resources
• PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors)- http://www.padi.com
• DAN (Divers Alert Network) - http://www.diversalertnetwork.org
• NAUI (National Association of Underwater Instructors)- http://www.naui.com
• The Ultimate SCUBA source - http://www.scubasearch.com
• About SCUBA diving - http://scuba.about.com• Joe Diver America - http://www.joediveramerica.com
Crew OptionsColumbia SCUBA
• Open Water Training– 5 Sessions: 2-hours classroom/2-hours pool– CA Swim Center at Wilde Lake (Thursdays)– “Open Water” Certification – 4 dives (two weekends)
• Quarry or something fancier (Florida Keys/Bahamas?)
• Required Gear– Mask/Fins/Snorkel/Weight Belt ~ $100-$200
• Costs– $295 per student for Open Water Training– $15-$20 per student for log book– $65 per group for a “Book Kit”