Randall A. Pellow Lucille Wallower library/pastory/ourpastory.pdfback and wings are red-brown. It is...

Randall A. PellowLucille Wallower

Penns Valley Publishers

Penns Valley Publishers154. E. Main StreetLansdale, PA 19046

(215) 855-4948www.pennsvalleypublishers.com

Dear Educator:

Thank you for your interest in Penns Valley Publishers’ Our Pennsylvania Story. Enclosedplease find our sample preview of the text on CD. This is not a complete copy of the text,but selected lessons that demonstrate the quality of instruction and lively format of ourproduct. Final editorial changes are not included on this version. We chose this digitalformat to quickly respond to your need to evaluate the text before purchase.

The complete Our Pennsylvania Story text will be 64 pages presented in full colorthroughout. Each lesson will be presented as its own two-page spread. Students will enjoythis colorful narrative format.

Enrichment activities for the text will be available on the Penns Valley Publishers website. Inaddition, a Teacher's Answer Key will be available with the purchase of a classroom set.

Our Pennsylvania Story in now undergoing its final editing and will go to press in thespring for summer delivery.

Sincerely,

Thomas ClearyPresident

Table of Contents

Chapter I: Exploring PennsylvaniaLesson 1: Our State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Lesson 2: Our State Flag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Lesson 3: Our State Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Chapter II: Geography of PennsylvaniaLesson 4: Our Geographic Regions of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . .12Lesson 5: Our Natural Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Lesson 6: Our Wildlife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16Lesson 7: Our Forests and Farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18Lesson 8: Our Minerals and Fossil Fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20Lesson 9: Our Population and Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Lesson 10: Our Waterways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Lesson 11: Our Climate and Weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Lesson 12: Our Products Made in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Lesson 13: Our Transportation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

Chapter III: History of PennsylvaniaLesson 14: The First Americans in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . .32Lesson 15: William Penn, Our Founder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Lesson 16: People Who First Settled Our State . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Lesson 17: Benjamin Franklin, A Great Pennsylvanian . . . . . . .40Lesson 18: George Washington in England's Army . . . . . . . . . .42Lesson 19: The Declaration of Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Lesson 20: George Washington, America's Great Leader . . . . .44Lesson 21: Betsy Ross and Our Country's First Flag . . . . . . . . .46Lesson 22: James Buchanan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Lesson 23: The Civil War in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Lesson 24: Abe Lincoln in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52Lesson 25: Harriet Tubman in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54Lesson 26: Pennsylvania and the Industrial Revolution . . . . . . .56

Chapter IV: Government of PennsylvaniaLesson 28: Our State Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58Lesson 29: Our Local Government and Communities . . . . . . . . .60

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

6 Our Pennsylvania Story

L E S S O N 1

You live in the country of the United States of America. It is a country made up of 50states. The state you live in is called Pennsylvania.

Look at the map of Pennsylvania on the next page. See the shape of your state. It is anoblong shape. Look at the upper left corner of Pennsylvania. See the extra piece of land?That piece of land is often called the “chimney corner” of Pennsylvania. On the edge ofthis piece of land is Lake Erie. It is a big lake. Lake Erie is one of the five Great Lakes ofthe United States.

Look on the right side of the map of Pennsylvania. That wavy line is the DelawareRiver. The Delaware River make the eastern boundary line of Pennsylvania.

Across the Delaware River is the State of New Jersey. To the south of Pennsylvaniaare three states. These states are West Virginia, Maryland, and Delaware. To the north ofPennsylvania is the state of New York. To the west of Pennsylvania are the states of Ohioand West Virginia.

Where do you live in Pennsylvania? Do you live in a city? Do you live in a town? Or doyou live in the country? Find the place where you live on the map.

Get To Know Me1. country 2. states 3. oblong 4. extra5. piece 6. border 7. wavy 8. eastern9. boundary 10. south 11. north 12. west

Find Me On The Map (On Page 3)1. United States of America 2. Pennsylvania

Our State

Sailingon Lake

ErieLake Erie is used forrecreation. Sailing,fishing and swimmingare some of the watersports. Lake Erie isalso used for shippinggoods to other places.

Our Pennsylvania Story 7

Use the map of Pennsylvania above. See where the states that touch, or border,Pennsylvania are located. Find the Delaware River. Now find the chimney corner. Alsofind the following states: Delaware, New Jersey, West Virginia, Maryland, New York,and Ohio.

Lesson 1: Our State

Fun For You1. Use the words in the word box to write the right word in the space below. One word

will not be used.

Delaware Maryland north oblongOhio smallestWest Virginia

a. New York is of Pennsylvania.

b. Pennsylvania is in shape.

c. Delaware is the state near Pennsylvania.

d. and are to the west of Pennsylvania.

e. New Jersey is across the River from Pennsylvania.


L E S S O N 2

Our State FlagGet To Know Me

1. colors 2. picture 3. world 4. public5. liberty 6. independence 7. private 8. olive9. branch 10. peace

Find Me On The Map (On Page 3)1. Harrisburg

Each country has a flag. You know theflag of the United States. Each state has aflag, too. The State Flag of Pennsylvaniaflies over the Capitol building inHarrisburg. Our State Flag also flies overmany public and private buildings in allparts of the state. Do you have one flyingon your school’s flagpole?

Here is a picture of the State Flag. Itis blue and gold. Blue and gold are thestate colors.

See the picture in the center of theflag. The ship means that Pennsylvaniasends goods to all parts of the world. Theplow and corn mean that Pennsylvaniahas many fine farms. The olive branch means Pennsylvania stands for peace.

See the words “liberty and independence.” These words mean that people inPennsylvania believe it is important to be free.

Answer These Please

1. Find the words left out.

a. The colors of the State Flag of Pennsylvania are and .

b. Our state flag flies in the city of .

c. The State Flag shows that we like to be .

d. The olive branch stands for .

This is the picture on the center of the flagof Pennsylvania.


Lesson 2: Our State Flag

For Those Who Like To Explore

1. Write your own jingle about our flag.

2. Write or tell why you think we have a State Flag.

3. Create a classroom or school flag.


L E S S O N 6

Our WildlifeGet To Know Me

1. animals 2. Pennsylvania 3. elks 4. porcupines5. hunt 6. wildlife 7. streams 8. songbirds 9. people 10. rules 11. lakes 12. safety13. game refuge 14. license 15. settlers

Many wild animals live in Pennsylvania. Elks, bears, and deer live in the woods.There also are many small, wild animals, such as rabbits, raccoons, and porcupines.

Many wild water birds live in the lakes and streams. There are songbirds, too.A great number of these birds and animals have

been killed over the years. The Native Americans killedbirds and animals only for food and clothing. Thensettlers came here to live. They killed more birds andanimals than they needed.

Now Pennsylvania has laws to protect the wildanimals. There are places where the birds andanimals can live in safety. Such a place is called a“game refuge.” “Game” means wild birds and animalsthat people hunt. “Refuge” means place of safety.

Today, Pennsylvania has laws or rules abouthunting. These rules save the wildlife. People must get

a hunting license to hunt. They can hunt only at set times of the year. They can kill onlya certain number of birds or animals.

Pennsylvania has rules about fishing too. The state keeps lakes and streams filled withfish. People must get a fishing license to fish. They can fish only at set times of the year.They can catch only a set number of fish.

It is important to obey these laws to keep the wildlife safe is our state

True or FalseMark a T is the sentence is true. Mark an F if the sentence is not true. The first questionhas been answered for you.

1. Pennsylvania has laws to protect birds. ( T )

2. Native Americans killed birds and animals only for food and clothing. ( )

3. Wild animals cannot live in safety in Pennsylvania. ( )

4. A game refuge is a place for birds and animals to live in safety. ( )

5. You must get a license to hunt. ( )

6. You can hunt or fish at any time. ( )

This is a black bear that livesin the woods of Pennsylvania.


Lesson 6: Our Wildlife

Our State Bird

The Ruffed Grouse is the StateBird. The Ruffed Grouse is aboutthe size of a small chicken. Theback and wings are red-brown. Itis marked with black, tan, gray,and white. The throat and breastare tan. The under part is white.It is striped black or brown. Thecolors of the Ruffed Grouse helpto keep it safe. The Ruffed Grouseis hard to see among leaves andbushes.

The Ruffed Grouse eats wildfruit, seeds, bugs, soft buds, andtwigs. By eating bugs, the RuffedGrouse helps the farmer.


1. Pretend you are any bird or animal in the Pennsylvania forest. Tell why you are afraidof fire. Name some of the other animals that live with you.

2. Write to the Pennsylvania Game Commission, 2001 Elmerton Ave., Harrisburg, PA17110-9797. Ask for maps and booklets which show how animals are being protectedin our state.


L E S S O N 1 0

Our WaterwaysGet To Know Me

1. important 2. rivers 3.flows 4. barges 5. goods 6. wheels 7. steam 8. steel9. port 10. countries 11. railroad 12.waterway13. recreation 14. dams 15. reservoirs

Find Me On The Map (On Page 3)1. Erie 2. Canada 3. Philadelphia 4. Atlantic Ocean5. Pittsburgh 6. Great Lakes 7. Lake Erie

Two important rivers of Pennsylvania are the Delaware and the Ohio Rivers. Largeships use these rivers to carry goods. Goods are things, or products, we need that aremade by people.

Look at the western part of Pennsylvania on your map. Do you see the Ohio River?There are two other important rivers in western Pennsylvania. They are theMonongahela and the Allegheny Rivers. Find them on the map. Many barges carry goodson these three rivers. These barges are flat boats with big paddle wheels. They are runby steam. Barges carry coal, oil, steel, and other human-made things.

Another important waterway is Lake Erie. From the port of Erie, ships sail to allother ports on the Great Lakes. The ships sail to ports in the United States and inCanada.

Find the Delaware River on the map.Now find the city of Philadelphia. The portof Philadelphia is very important. FromPhiladelphia, ships go down the DelawareRiver to the Atlantic Ocean. The ships takegoods to places all over the world. Shipsalso bring goods from other countries toPhiladelphia. The goods are taken off theships and put on railroad cars and trucks.Trucks and railroads take the goods toother towns and cities in our state andcountry.

Find the Susquehanna River on the map.It flows through our entire state. This riveris too shallow for large ships. However,people use the river for recreation, such asboating, fishing, and swimming.

Reservoirs are human-made lakes.Water is held back and stored by dams.They are used to create electricity forhomes and businesses. People also usethe reservoirs for recreation.

Mt. Davis3,213 ft.979 m.

Allegheny

ChesapeakeBay

DelawareBay

SusquehannaRiverAllegheny

River

Juniata River

LehighRiver

SchuylkillRiver

MonongahelaRiver

YoughioghenyRiver

West BranchSusquehannaRiver

DelawareRiver

Ohio River

Johnstown

State College

Williamsport

York

Allentown

Erie

Altoona

Bethlehem

Lancaster

Reading

Scranton

Wilkes-Barre

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh

Harrisburg

LakeErie


Lesson 10: Our Waterways

Major RiverSystems Of

Pennsylvania


1. Find out more information about the other rivers, lakes, and dams of Pennsylvania,such as Raystown Lake.

2. Make a class list of all the ways we use fresh water.

3. Why is it important to keep our water clean?

4. List the names of lakes, creeks, runs, rivers, or dams in your region.

5. Locate and label these rivers on a map of Pennsylvania.

On the map above, locate: the Delaware River; the Ohio River; the Monongahela River;and the Allegheny River.


L E S S O N 1 4The First Americans in Pennsylvania

Get To Know Me1. Indians 2. forests 3. native 4. tribes 5. family 6. villages 7. wigwams 8. longhouse9.canoes 10. gardens 11. squash 12. berries13. brought 14. leggings 15. moccasins 16. blankets

People who lived in Pennsylvania long before white settlers came to this land werecalled Indians. Today, we call them Native Americans because they were here first.Because these people lived in the forests, they also are called the Eastern WoodlandIndians. There were many tribes of Indians in Pennsylvania. A tribe is one big familythat lives in the same place. The Indians lived in villages in the forest.

Some Indians lived in wigwams and others lived in longhouses. These houses weremade from the wood of young trees and were tied together at the top. These trees werethen covered with tree bark and river grass to make walls.

Everyone in an Indian village had work to do. The men built the houses. They madetools from stones, shells, and wood. They made canoes from trees. The men also huntedand fished for food.

The women planted gardens. They raised corn, beans, and squash. They gatheredgrasses, seeds, and berries to eat. They gathered wood for fires, too. The women cleanedthe fish and meat that the men brought home. They made dishes and cooking pots fromclay. The women cooked the meals.

The women also cleaned animal skins. They made the skins ready to wear. They madeshirts, leggings, skirts, and moccasins from deer skin. They made robes and blanketsfrom furs.

Indian children did not go to school. Yet the children had many lessons to learn. Themen taught the young boys to become good hunters. The women taught the girls how tocare for their home.

These illustrations show awigwam and a longhouse whereNative Americans lived.


Lesson 14: The First Americans

Eries

Shawnees

Iroquois

Susquehannocks

Delawares

Nanticokes

The Different Indian Tribes AndWhere They Lived In Pennsylvania

ActivityGroup the activities according to whether men, women, or children did these things. Seeif you can find those things that Native Americans did not do.

cleaned the animals learn to sew watched TV sewed the clothingmade tools watched videos hunted the animals made clothinglearn to hunt` did the dishes built houses made canoestalked on cellphones fished cooked the food went to schoolgathered food planted food drove cars shot arrows

men women kids did not do

Pennsylvania tribes were members of the larger Iroquois or Algonquin tribes,depending on which language was spoken.


L E S S O N 1 6Benjamin Franklin, A Great Pennsylvanian

Get To Know Me1. electric 2. electricity 3. harmonica 4. newspapers5. lightning 6. library 7. public 8. hospital9. University 10. police 11. speedometer 12. bifocals

Can you imagine having 14 brothers and sisters? Benjamin Franklin did! He was the15th child in a large family. He was born January 17, 1706.

Ben Franklin could read when he was five years old. He could write when he wasseven. Ben went to school for only two years.

In those days, a young boy was taught to earn a living. When Ben was ten years oldhe started to work. He helped his father, who made candles. People needed candles forlight. There were no electric lights.

“I don't want to make candles!” Ben told his father.“Would you like to help your brother James?” said his father. “You could help James

in his printing shop.”“I like to read,” Ben said, “I’d rather print than make candles.”So Ben helped his brother in the printing shop. When he was 17, Ben left his brothers

shop. He had saved some money and went to Philadelphia. At that time, Philadelphia wasthe most important city in America.

Young Ben Franklin came to Philadelphia in 1723. Ben found work in Philadelphia. Hehelped a printer. In a few years, Ben had his own printing shop. He sold books, pens, andpaper, too.

Ben Franklin was always busy. He made anewspaper. He wrote books. He found that electricityand lightning are the same thing. He planned ways tomake Philadelphia a better place in which to live.

Ben Franklin planned:1. the first public library.2. the first hospital in Pennsylvania.3. the school that became the University of

Pennsylvania.4. the first fire fighting company in Philadelphia.5. the first police in Philadelphia.6. the first street sweepers in Philadelphia.7. streetlights Benjamin Franklin


Lesson 16: Benjamin Franklin

Benjamin Franklin made:1. the lightning rod2. a stove3. a rocking chair4. a harmonica, to play music5. a speedometer6. bifocals

Benjamin Franklin:1. planned forts to keep people

safe from the Indians2. planned mail service in this

country3. went to England for America4. went to France to ask for help

to fight England5. helped to write the laws of the

new country, the United States

These are only some of thethings Ben Franklin did! He livedto an old age. We are proud ofBenjamin Franklin, aPennsylvanian!

Let's Create Something NewWhat would you like to invent? Give two ideas for inventions. For example, one of yourauthors would like to invent a spife. A spife is a cross between a spoon and a knife. Aspife would help to more easily dig out and spread jelly onto bread. Provide descriptionsand drawings of your inventions.

Benjamin Franklin, John Adams and ThomasJefferson helped to write The Declaration ofIndependence. We will learn more about this inLesson 19.


L E S S O N 2 1

Harriet Tubman in Pennsylvania

Get To Know Me1. slavery 2. beaten 3. free 4. slave hunters5. North Star 6. transport 7. freedoms 8. Underground Railroad

Find Me on the Map (On Page 3)1. southern states 2. Maryland 3. New York

Parts of our country allowed slavery for over200 years. It was not until the Civil War thatslavery was ended in the southern states.

How would you like to be a slave? You wouldhave no freedoms. You would have to work 16hours a day, every day of the week. You would notbe paid for this work. You would be beaten andwhipped if you did not do your work. You wouldnot be free to travel.

Such was the early life of Harriet Tubman.Harriet was born into slavery.

At age 25, Harriet married John Tubman, a freeblack man. She dreamed of being free someday.

About five years later, she learned that she wasbeing sold. She would have to move farther south.Harriet wanted to escape to the North.

In 1849, she left. She had a real scary trip. Yousee, she had to travel at night. The slave hunterswere out looking for her. She also had no food.

Harriet followed the North Star. She escaped toPhiladelphia. She was free but her family was not.

In Philadelphia, Harriet got a job. She saved herpay. She used the money to help free other slavesin the South.

She met some people who were helping runaway slaves to be free. She joined thisgroup. She learned how to transport slaves by using secret hideouts, houses, and people.These escape routes became known as the Underground Railroad.

Harriet Tubman spent her entire life helping other people. She died at the age of 93 in1913.

This is a photo of Harriet Tubman.


Lesson 21: Harriet Tubman in Pennsylvania

For Those Who Like to Explore

1. On a clear, dark evening, go outside and find the North Star. Ask your teacher how tofind it. Draw a scene on art paper. Show the North Star and a scene of a slaveescaping.

2. Write a description of how you can help other people.

3. Find out more about the life of a young slave. Write a dairy of what it would be like tobe a young slave.

The Underground RailroadThe Underground Railroad was

a secret way for runaway slavesto escape to freedom in thenorthern states.

The Underground Railroad didnot have trains. It had hidingplaces, escape routes, and peoplewho helped slaves move tofreedom.

Pennsylvania was the firststate to pass a law againstslavery. Thousands of slaves usedthe Underground Railroad totravel through Pennsylvania tofreedom. The John Brown House in

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, was astop on the Underground Railroad.


L E S S O N 2 9Our Local Government and Communities

Get To Know Me1. county 2. county seat 3. courthouse 4. trials5. commissioners 6. cities 7. boroughs 8. townships9. mayor 10. council 11. supervisor

Find Me On the County Map (On Page 4)1. Montgomery County 2. Bucks County 3. Montgomery County4. The county that you live in

Our state has been divided into many counties. What is a county? A county is asmaller area of the state that has been set up for purposes of government. You havelearned that we have national government and state government. Well, we have countygovernment as well.

William Penn, the founder of our state, started this system. When the colony ofPennsylvania was first started it had only three counties - Philadelphia, Bucks, andChester. As our state became more populated with settlers, new counties were created.Today, we have 67 counties in our state.

County government is run from a town or city called the county seat. Each county hasa county seat. The countycourthouse is in the county seat.People who run the countygovernment have offices in thecourthouse. People who have beenaccused of crimes have their trials atthe courthouse.

Three people are elected ascounty commissioners. These peoplesee that county roads and bridgesare kept in good shape. They havemany other jobs to help meet theneeds of the people.

We also have different kinds ofgovernment at the local level. The local level would involve your communities.

Communities have been set up into three kinds of local governments. They are calledcities, boroughs, and townships in our state. Any place can become a city if more than10,000 people live within its borders. Smaller towns are called boroughs. A borough is acommunity smaller than a city. Our state has more than 950 boroughs.


Lesson 29: Our Local Government and Communities

If you do not live in a city or borough, then you live in a township. Townships aremore rural regions that border cities and boroughs. There are about 1,600 townships inour state.

Most cities and boroughs elect seven members of their community to a council. Thepeople of cities and boroughs also elect a mayor every four years. The council createslaws for the city and borough. Each city and borough hires workers for special jobs, suchas collecting trash and providing a good water supply.

Townships also have their form of local government. The voters of each township electthree to five township supervisors. They run the township government much the sameas a city or borough council.

Write the answers on a separate piece of paper.

1. Circle whether you live in a city borough township

2. Write the name of your city, borough or, township.

3. What is the name for the government leader of a city or borough?

4. What is the name for the government leader of a township?

5. How many boroughs do we have in our state?

6. How many townships do we have in our state?

7. Write the name of the mayor or one township supervisor.

8. Find out and write in at least three services that your local community provides.

9. If we got rid of taxes, what kinds of services would we lose?

This is the BakerElementary Schoolneighborhood inthe city ofAltoona,Pennsyvlvania.The yellow starshows where theschool is located.

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