RAN Transformation with Open Interfaces and Disaggregation · 2021. 1. 14. · transition the RAN...
Transcript of RAN Transformation with Open Interfaces and Disaggregation · 2021. 1. 14. · transition the RAN...
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1 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
RAN Transformation with Open Interfaces and Disaggregation
Altiostar Open Virtualized Radio Access Networks Solution
Technical Solution Brief
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2 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
Contents1 The Challenge 3
2 The Opportunity 3
3 The Solution – Open Virtualized RAN (Open vRAN) 3
3.1 What does Open vRAN Mean? 4
3.2 How open vRAN transforms traditional models? 4
3.3 Services Expertise 6
3.4 TCOBenefits 6
4 Open vRAN Solution description 7
5 Commercial Readiness, Standards Support and Ecosystem Development 9
6 RU Partner Ecosystem 11
7 Hardware Partner Ecosystem 11
8 Core/OSS/SDN/SON Ecosystem 11
9 Virtualization / Container Partner Ecosystem 12
10 Security of Open vRAN 12
11 Open vRAN Use Cases 13
11.1 GreenfieldDeployments 13
11.2 OpenvRANBrownfieldModel–GeographicallyClustered 13
11.3 Open vRAN Enterprise Model 14
11.4 OpenvRANVenueDeploymentModel 14
11.5 OpenvRANCBRSDeploymentModel 15
11.6 OpenvRANDeploymentModelwithURLLC 15
12 Summary 16
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3 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
1 The ChallengeAstherevenuesfromvoiceandInternetdataservicesareplateauing,operatorsarelookingfornewmarketopportunitiessuchasInternetofThings(IoT),enhancedMobileBroadband(eMBB),Ultra-reliableLowLatencyCommunication(UrLLC),Immersivereality,andothers,todrivethenextphaseofrevenuegrowthandtheevolutionto5G.
Soon,wirelessnetworkswillhavebillionsofconnecteddevicesgeneratingmassiveamountsofsignalingtraffic,extremelydiversetypesofapplicationsandcorrespondingnetworkrequirements.
Aconsolidatedmobilenetworkindustryhasresultedinamonolithicvendorapproachthat hasresultedinalackofinnovationandinastaggereddeploymentscenariowhereoperatorswillbelockedintoavendor’sroadmap.
2 The Opportunity5Gcreatestheopportunityforoperatorstobecomemoresuccessfuliftheymakethenetworkaplatform.Ifthenetworkbecomesaplatform,operatorscanleverageopeninterfaces,otherdevelopers,andotherapplicationsas5Gunlocksnewverticalsacrossseveralindustries.Carrierswillhaveaccesstootherecosystemplayerswhowillbeabletoaddvaluebywritingapplicationsonthenew5Gplatform.Private5Gnetworksalsorequireanewarchitectureenablingneweconomicsandprogrammabilityofthenetworkandbeingabletoattachthisapplicationlayerontopofthenetwork.
3 The Solution – Open Virtualized RAN (Open vRAN)Toaddressindustrytrends,AltiostarhasdevelopedOpenvirtualizedRAN(OpenvRAN), anopensoftwareplatformwithopeninterfacesthatcanbeexecutedonCommercialOffTheShelf(COTS)hardwareplatforms.
TheAltiostarcommonsoftwareplatformsupportstechnologiesthatinclude5GNR,LTE-Advanced,MassiveMIMO,InternetofThings(IoT),Coordinatedmultipoint,HeterogeneousNetwork(Hetnet),NetworkFunctionsVirtualization(NFV),Orchestration,andothers.Usingthisplatform,themobileoperatorisprovidedflexibility,performance,andscalabilityatsignificantTCOsavingstodeployavarietyofdifferentnetworks.
TheAltiostarOpenvRANsolutionisasteptowardsrealizationofatrue5Gvision.Softwareprogrammabilityofbearersasperusecaseisrequiredtocreate5Gnetworkslices.Moreover,requirementssuchasultra-lowlatencydatapathcanbeachievedwithintelligentoffloadofselectedbearersrightneartheradiohead.ThesearemadepossiblewithOpenvRANtoday.InternetofThingsandtheusecasesofvariousIoTverticalswillrequiremassivescalabilityinthecontrolplane.Thesediverserequirementsnecessitatetheuseofweb-scalehardwareandsoftwareplatformsfortheRAN,whichiswhatOpenvRANprovides.
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Figure 1: Open vRAN model
3.1 What does Open vRAN Mean?
Altiostar’sOpenvRANsolutionprovidesopenandstandardscompliantinterfaces(3GPPandO-RAN)andisvirtualizedtorunongeneralpurposeCOTShardware.RunningaRANonCOTShardwarecommoditizesthehardwareandbringsdowncapitalexpendituresduetoeconomiesofscale.Meanwhile,openinterfacesallowinteroperabilityandprogrammabilityoftheRAN.
Altiostar was the first vendor to demonstrate commercial scale integration of 5G baseband running in general purpose hardware with an O-RAN compliant Radio Unit using an open interface.
3.2 How open vRAN transforms traditional models?
Figure 2: Benefits of Open vRAN
4 ©Copyright2021,Altiostar.Allrightsreserved.
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5 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
Agility
IntraditionalRANsolutions,introductionofnewfeaturestakesmonthsduetotightcouplingbetweenhardwareandsoftware.Ontheotherhand,cycletimeforintroductionofnewfeaturesinsoftwaretakesamuchshortertime,reducingtimetomarketthroughCI/CDandAgileSoftwaredevelopment.Toincreaseinnovationvelocityandagility,thereistheneedtotransitiontheRANfromatraditionalhardware-centricdesigntoasoftware-intensivedesign,with RAN functions implemented in software.
Flexibility
InanOpenvRANmodel,hardwareisdisaggregatedfromsoftwarewithopeninterfaces.StandardizedcommodityhardwarecanthenbeindependentlyprocuredandupgradedtotakeadvantageofMoore’sLaw.
Programmability
OpenvRANallowsanewlevelofprogrammabilityin5Gnetworks,allowingmobileoperatorstoopennewnetworkapplicationsandservicestothird-partydeveloperstocreatenewusecases.ThisisenabledwithstandardizedApplicationProgrammingInterfaces(APIs)onthenewOpenvRANarchitecturefor5G.WithopenAPIs,anewwaveofinnovationinwirelessnetworkispossible.
Scalability
Standardizedhardwarecanbesharedacrossmultipleworkloads,increasingutilizationthroughstatisticalmultiplexinggains.ThisresultsinasignificantreductioninCapexandincreasedscaleinthenetwork.
Resiliency
InOpenvRAN,applicationloadsforsinglecellsitescanbedistributedacrossmultipleVirtualNetworkFunctions(VNFs)providingmuchbetterresiliencyintheeventoffailureofasingleVNF.
Automation
TheuseofopensourcecloudplatformswithopenAPIsinNetworkFunctionsVirtualization(NFV)bringsahighdegreeofoperationalautomationincludingauto-provisioning,resiliencyagainstfailures,etc.,therebyreducingOpex.AsbasebandfunctionsaredeployedasVNFs,itispossibletoautomatevariousoperationaltaskssuchasnewcellsiteintegration(auto-commissioning),detectionandautomatedrecoveryfromfailures(self-healing),furtherminimizingtheOpex.
Security
AstheAltiostarOpenvRANsolutions,includingboththeDistributedUnit(DU)andCentralUnit(CU),runsonCOTSgeneralpurposehardware,itenjoysthebenefitofusingbest-in-classgeneralpurposeprocessorsthataddressthelatestknownsecurityvulnerabilities.GeneralpurposeprocessorsalsoreceiveuptodatesecuritypatchesfromtheOSandNFVIvendors.
TheAltiostarOpenvRANsolutionsupportsallthe3GPPandO-RANAlliancestandardsecuritymechanisms.AdditionaldetailsonsecuritystandardscanbefoundinSection7ofthisdocument.
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3.3 Services Expertise
Withdisaggregationofthesoftwarefromthehardware,amulti-vendorapproachistheacceptednormforOpenvRANdeployments.Thebiggestquestionintheoperator’smind iswhatistheglueholdingeverythingtogether?
AltiostarprovidesthegluethatbindsvariouscomponentsofthedisaggregatedRANtogetherbyactingasaconsultanttotheoperator.AltiostarhasbuiltsignificantexpertiseinsoftwareandhardwaredomainsandexecutespostdeploymentwiththecustomerbyprovidingL1/L2/L3expertiselocally.
Technical Solution Brief
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Figure 3: Open vRAN Deployment Cycle
Altiostar also works with an ecosystem of systems integration partners who bring a wealth of experience to Open vRAN deployments. Partners include:
• Cisco • Fujitsu • IBM • NEC • Rakuten Communications Platform (RCP) • Tech Mahindra • Telkom Infra • World Wide Technology (WWT)
3.4 TCO Benefits Altiostar performed a study to identify Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) benefits of an Open vRAN network against a traditional model. The study was conducted for 5G NR deployment over 30,000 sites and over a 10-year period. When all the benefits of Open vRAN, including agility, flexibility, openness, using COTS hardware and automation, are factored in, the savings over a traditional RAN were most prevalent when it came to the diversity of the supply chain and the reusability of hardware.
SolutionDeployment
• DeploymentModels,ProjectPlans,Training,FieldATP
AddressHardwareGaps
• ReferenceDesigns
SolutionDevelopment&Validation
• DesignReviews,LabValidation,SolutionPilot
ManagementFinalization
• NetworkManagement,ServicesManagement,Self-X
RequirementsFinalization
• Features,Performance,Scalability,Availability,NetworkDesign
Figure 3: Open vRAN Deployment Cycle
Altiostaralsoworkswithanecosystemofsystemsintegrationpartnerswhobringawealth ofexperiencetoOpenvRANdeployments.Partnersinclude:
• Cisco
•Fujitsu
• IBM
• NEC
•RakutenCommunicationsPlatform(RCP)
• Tech Mahindra
•TelkomInfra
•WorldWideTechnology(WWT)
3.4 TCOBenefits
AltiostarperformedastudytoidentifyTotalCostofOwnership(TCO)benefitsofanOpenvRANnetworkagainstatraditionalmodel.Thestudywasconductedfor5GNRdeploymentover30,000sitesandovera10-yearperiod.WhenallthebenefitsofOpenvRAN,includingagility,flexibility,openness,usingCOTShardwareandautomation,arefactoredin,thesavingsover atraditionalRANweremostprevalentwhenitcametothediversityofthesupplychainandthereusabilityofhardware.
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Figure 4: Open vRAN TCO Savings
4 Open vRAN Solution descriptionAltiostar’sOpenvRAN5GsolutionconsistsofgNBvirtualCentralizedUnit(vCU),gNBvirtualDistributedUnit(vDU),virtualEMS(vEMS),3rdpartyO-RANcompliantRadioUnits(O-RU), and antennas.
ThevCUfor5GissplitintovCUuserplaneandvCUcontrolplane,accordingto3GPPandO-RANspecifications,addingevenmoreflexibilityindeployment.Thesolutionsfor4Gand5GcanrunonaCOTSserveronavirtualizedplatformindependentfromtheunderlyinghardware.Finally,vCUandvDUcaninterfacetoaradioaccordingtotheO-RANspecifications,allowingtheoperatortochoosebest-of-breedhardwarebothforserversandradiounits.
Figure 5: Open vRAN Architecture
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Altiostar’ssolution,basedon3GPPoption-2andO-RANoption7.2xsplit5Gprotocolstack canbeflexiblydeployedasasetofCNFstomeetevolving5Gdeploymentscenarios.
ThemultipledeploymentscenariosindicatingthevarioussplitsareillustratedinFigure6.
Figure 6: Flexible Open RAN Architecture
TheimplementationofCUPSarchitectureallowscontrolplaneanduserplanetrafficonCU tobescaledindependently.ProgrammabilityissupportedthroughthesupportofAPIsatvCUandvDUasindicatedinthediagrambelow.
Figure 7: Disaggregated and Open vRAN with C/U Plane Split
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AltiostarwillbedevelopingitsownnearrealtimeRICplatformaswellasX-Apps.Additionally,Altiostar will also support 3rdpartyRANIntelligentControllers(RICs)withthefollowingfunctionssupportedfromtheRIC:
•Trafficsteering(includingmobilityloadbalancing,interfrequencyloadbalancing, EN-DCsplitratioguidance)
•Radiochannelresourceoptimizationandresourceallocationstrategies(e.g.PUCCH,PUSCH,PDCCH,PDSCH,etc.)
•SliceQoSmonitoringandenforcement
Figure 8: Altiostar Support for 3rd Party RICs
5 Commercial Readiness, Standards Support and Ecosystem DevelopmentAltiostarhasinvested$300M+insoftwaredevelopmentandQAtobringtomarketacommercial-gradeOpenvRANproduct.Theentiresolutionhasundergoneextensivetestingandhardeninginthefield.AltiostaristheonlyvRANsolutionproviderwithmultiplecommercialdeploymentsacrosstheglobe,withtensofthousandsofmacroradiosinthefieldandsupportingmillionsofsubscribers.Severalothergreenfieldandbrownfieldtrialsandcommercialdeploymentsareinprocess.
Altiostarhaspartneredwithvendorsacrossinfrastructure,radios,andcoresolutionstohelpfurthertheecosystemdevelopment.
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10 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
•AltiostarhascompletedInteroperabilitywithallmajorvendorsfor3GPPstandardized(Open)interfaceslikeS1/X2.
•Altiostar’ssolutionhasthecapabilitytointegratewith3rdpartyradiosoverCPRI/e-CPRIandoff-the-shelfcomputeservers.
Standards Support
Altiostarhasastrongpresenceandcommitmenttowardsvariousstandardbodiesandassociations.Themotivationistobringthelatestdiscussionsinstandardstosoftwaredevelopmentteamsandalignourproductroadmapaccordingly.Theseincluderepresentationinthefollowingorganizations.
Deployment models and use cases
Altiostar’svirtualsoftwarecomponentsforeNB/gNBcanbeflexiblydeployedtomeettheusecaserequirementsandtransportcapabilitiesofanyoperator’snetwork.Thesedeploymentmodelsrangefromapuredatacentertypemodel,withvCUandvDUdeployedinanEdgecloudservercluster,tohavingthevCU/vDUfunctionsdeployedatthecellsite.Deploymentofthesefunctionscanbedoneinahybridmanner,leveragingdatacenterresourceswherefiberisubiquitousinthenetwork,e.g.,citiesandurbanareas,whilesupportingwirelesstransportcapabilitiestotargetremoteorruralareas.
Manytraditionalservermanufacturersareembracingthedemandforcomputeresourcesat theEdgeor“FarEdge”toenabletheextensionofedgecloudsallthewaytothecellsiteitself.
Figure 9: Open vRAN Deployment Models
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6 RU Partner EcosystemAltiostarhasworkedtointegrateitsOpenvRANsoftwaresolutionwithanecosystemofradiopartners.CPRIinterworkinghasbeenenabledbytransparentopeninganddocumentationof interfaces. Adoption of new radios and partners is accelerated with the advent of open standardinterfacesforradiointegration,includingsupportforORAN7-2xinterfaces.Additionally,AltiostarvCUcaninterworkwithOption2enabledradioswithbuilt-inSoC orx86basedDUfromindustryleaders.
ThegrowinglistofradiopartnersinAltiostar’sRUecosystemisoutlinedbelow.
• Airspan
•BlueDanube
•Comba
•Flex
•Fujitsu
• KMW
•MTIMobile
•MTU
• NEC
•Nokia
• Qualcomm
• Sercomm
•Ubicquia
•Xilinx
7 Hardware Partner EcosystemAltiostarhasworkedtointegrateitsOpenvRANsoftwaresolutionwithanecosystemofCOTShardwarepartners.RunningaRANongeneralpurposehardwarebringsdownthecostofdeploymentduetoeconomiesofscale.Meanwhile,openinterfacespromoteinteroperabilityandprogrammabilityoftheRAN.Hardwarepartnersinclude:
• Avantech
•Dell
• HPE
• Intel
• Kontron
• Nvidia
• QCT
• Qualcomm
• Supermicro
8 Core/OSS/SDN/SON EcosystemAltiostarhasworkedtointegrateitsOpenvRANsoftwaresolutionwithanecosystemofpacketcore,OSS,SDNandSONproviders.Partnersinclude:
•AffirmedNetworks
• Cisco
•Fujitsu
• InnoEye
•Netcracker
•NetscoutSystems
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12 © Copyright 2021, Altiostar. All rights reserved.
9 Virtualization / Container Partner EcosystemAltiostar’svirtualizedandcontainerizedCUandDUareintegratedwiththefollowingvirtualizationplatformpartners:
• Cisco
• IBM/RedHat
•Publiccloudplatforms
•RakutenCommunicationsPlatform
•Robin.io
• VMware
10 Security of Open vRANAstheAltiostaropenvirtualizedRANsolutions(DUandCU)runonCOTSgeneralpurposehardware,itenjoysthebenefitofusingbest-in-classgeneralpurposeprocessorsthataddressthelatestknownsecurityvulnerabilities.GeneralpurposeprocessorsalsoreceiveuptodatesecuritypatchesfromtheOSandNFVIvendors.
Forall3GPPandO-RANinterfaces,theAltiostarOpenvRANsolutionsupportsthe3GPPandO-RANstandardsecuritymechanisms.AltiostarvDUandvCUarecompliantwiththefollowingsecuritystandards:
•3GPPTS33.501,TS33.210andTS33.310
• IETFRFC4301
• IETFRFC4306,7296
•IETFRFC4303
•IETFRFC5246(TLS1.2)
ThefollowingcommonsecurityrisksareaddressedbyusingIPsecandcertificate-basedauthenticationsforinterfacesecurity:
•Eavesdropping
•Spoofing
•Replayattacks
•Denialofserviceattacksbyunauthenticatedandunauthorizedentities
•Maninthemiddleattack
Forinterfacesecurity,AltiostarsupportsIPSecforF1,E1,X2,S1,N3,NG-C(N2)andXninterfaces.ManagementplaneinterfaceusesNETCONFoverSSH/TLS.
Thefollowingsecurityprotocolsaresupported:
• IKEv2
• IPSecwithAES-128-GCM/AES-256-GCMAEADalgorithms
•PDCPwithNEA0,NEA1,NEA2andNEA3encryptionalgorithms(NEA2meetsnearlineratethroughputandisrecommendedforefficiency)
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•NIA0,NIA1,NIA2andNIA3integrityprotectionalgorithms
•SHA1andSHA256forIPSecintegrityprotection
•TLS1.2
•FTPS/SFTPforfiletransfer
11 Open vRAN Use CasesAltiostarOpenvRANsupportsanumberofusecasesprovidingnewrevenueopportunities for operators.
11.1 GreenfieldDeployments
•OperatorhasablankslatetoplanLTEand5GnetworksdeployedusingOpenvRAN
•Removeschallengesofintegratingwithlegacynodes/elements
•Thesoftware-enablednetworksimplifiesexpansionsandmakesiteasyforoperators withgreenfieldnetworkstoscaletheirnewnetworkswithlowerTCO
11.2 OpenvRANBrownfieldModel–GeographicallyClustered
•OperatorcarvesoutgeographyinLTEand5GbandstodeployOpenvRAN
•Removesdependenciesoncurrentvendorsinnetwork
•OpenvRANvendorprovidesnetworkintegrationofbasebandsoftwaretothirdpartyRRUs
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11.3 Open vRAN Enterprise Model
•O-RANOption7.2xsplit
•DU,CU-CP,CU-UPandUPFatenterprisedatacenterorinTelcodatacenterasaTenant
•Corenetworkcontrolplaneatcentralizedlocationoroperatorhosted(fornetworkas aservicesolutions)
11.4 Open vRAN Venue Deployment Model
•MassiveMIMOLTE/NRAASpanels(mediumpower)
•O-RANOption7.2xsplit
•DU,CU-CP,CU-UPatthevenue
•UL/CLUPF,LADNUPFforlocalcontentbreakouttrafficatthevenue
• Neutral host Open vRAN
•UEsofspectatorsfromdifferentoperators
Technical Solution Brief
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11.3 Open vRAN Enterprise Model
• O-RAN Option 7.2x split • DU, CU-CP, CU-UP and UPF at enterprise data center or in Telco data center as a
Tenant • Core network control plane at centralized location or operator hosted (for network
as a service solutions)
11.4 Open vRAN Venue Deployment Model
• Massive MIMO LTE / NR AAS panels (medium power) • O-RAN Option 7.2x split • DU, CU-CP, CU-UP at the venue • UL/CL UPF, LADN UPF for local content breakout traffic at the venue • Neutral host Open vRAN • UEs of spectators from different operators
DU+CU+UPF or PGW-U
5GC
Either hosted in Enterprise
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11.5 Open vRAN CBRS Deployment Model
•SupportforSASintegrationwithvirtualDomainProxy
•FlexibleDomainProxyCNFPlacement
•Differentdeploymentmodels–indoor,campus,outdoor
•FCCPart96,OnGoCertificationfortheinteroperability
•CloudProvisionedandOperatedvCU
•Endtoendintegrated,testedandvalidated
11.6 Open vRAN Deployment Model with URLLC
•Grant-basedaccess
•Deterministicaccess
•Guaranteedbitrate
•Resiliencyandverylesspacketloss/errorrate
•PolicybasedQoSControl
•Option7.2xsplitradios
•DU,CU-CP,CU-UPandEPC/5GCinstanceatfactoryfloor
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11.5 Open vRAN CBRS Deployment Model
• Support for SAS integration with virtual Domain Proxy • Flexible Domain Proxy CNF Placement • Different deployment models – indoor, campus, outdoor • FCC Part 96, OnGo Certification for the interoperability • Cloud Provisioned and Operated vCU • End to end integrated, tested and validated
11.6 Open vRAN Deployment Model with URLLC
• Grant-based access • Deterministic access • Guaranteed bit rate • Resiliency and very less packet loss/error rate • Policy based QoS Control • Option 7.2x split radios • DU, CU-CP, CU-UP and EPC/5GC instance at factory floor
CU/DU 5GC In a Box
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12 SummaryToday’smobilenetworksareundergoingaprofoundtransformation,aswirelessoperatorsmakethedramaticleapto5Ganditsassociatedbenefits.
GonearethedayswhereanoperatorwaslimitedinitschoiceofRANprovider.TheindustryisshiftingfromtheproprietarysystemsoflegacyindustryvendorstoanopenarchitectureandvirtualizedsystemsthatarebasedonsoftwarefromcompanieslikeAltiostar,runningonoff-the-shelf,general-purposeserversandutilizingradioswithopeninterfaces.
TheAltiostarOpenvRANsolutiondisaggregatesthehardwarefromthesoftwaretoallowthemobilenetworkoperatortopickandchooseeachaspectofthenetworkfromadifferentvendor,ifdesired.Intheend,thisleadstosignificantcapitalandoperationalsavingsfortheoperator,whileenablingthemtoacceleraterevenuegenerationthroughrapiddeploymentofnew services.
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AboutAltiostar
BasedintheU.S.,Altiostarprovides4Gand5GopenvirtualizedRAN(OpenvRAN)softwarethatsupportsopeninterfacesandvirtualizesthebasebandunittobuildadisaggregatedmulti-vendor,web-scale,cloud-basedmobilenetwork.Operatorscanaddintelligence,quicklyadaptthenetworkfordifferentservicesandautomateoperationstorapidlyscalethenetworkandreduceTotalCostofOwnership(TCO).AltiostarcollaborateswithagrowingecosystemofpartnerstosupportadiverseOpenRANsupplychain.TheAltiostarOpenvRANsolutionhasbeendeployedglobally,includingtheworld’sfirstcloud-nativecommercial-scalemobilenetworkwithRakutenMobileinJapan.
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